As an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, we introduce the notion of -fuzzy set ( denoted by SSR) of QS -ideals on a OS -algebra and investigate its properties. Furthermore we study the homomorphic image and inverse image of SSR -fuzzy QS -ideals of a QS -algebra under homomorphism of QS -algebras. Moreover, the Cartesian product of SSR -fuzzy QS -ideals in Cartesian product QS-algebras is given. Finally, novel correlation coefficient between two SSR- fuzzy sets are also studied.

Site amplification in the Khorasan Seismic Network, Iran, was estimated using small earthquake events (ML 1.6-5.5) recorded from 2003 to 2006. This seismic network consists of 5 broad band stations (NJ, MH, BJ, QU and SB) distributed in Razavi and North Khorasan provinces. A total of 255 three-component waveforms from 88 events were used in this study. The wide dynamic range of the Guralp instrument provided a broadband seismogram for S-waves. Site effects were estimated by linear inversion using the reference site (NJ). The S-wave quality factor was found to be approximated by the relation 165f 0.48 in the frequency range 0.6-10Hz. It was found that the site amplification factor for three kinds of geometrical spreading model R-1, R-0.75, R-0.5 was similar but the quality factor varied.

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an isoprenoid component used widely in nutraceutical industries. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is a responsible enzyme for biosynthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a key precursor for CoQs production. This research involved investigating the effect of FPPS over-expression on CoQs production in engineered CoQ10-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli).Methods: Two CoQ10-producing strains, as referred to E. coli Ba and E. coli Br, were transformed by the encoding gene for FPPS (ispA) under the control of either the trc or PBAD promoters.Results: Over-expression of ispA under the control of PBAD promoter led to a relative increase in CoQ10 production only in recombinant E. coli Br although induction by arabinose resulted in partial reduction of CoQ10 production in both recombinant E.coli Ba and E. coli Br strains. Over-expression of ispA under the control of stronger trc promoter, however, led to a severe decrease in CoQ10 production in both recombinant E. coli Ba and E. coli Br strains, as reflected by reductions from 629±40 to 30±13 and 564±28 to 80±14 mg/g Dried Cell Weight (DCW), respectively. The results showed high level of FPP reduces endogenous CoQ8 production as well and that CoQs are produced in a complimentary manner, as the increase in production of one decreases the production of the other.Conclusion: The reduction in CoQ10 production can be a result of Dds inhibition by high FPP concentration. Therefore, more effort is needed to verify the role of intermediate metabolite concentration and to optimize production of CoQ10.

The present research aimed to enhance the efficacy of alphacypermethrin and fipronil insecticides formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) by adding varying concentrations of the modified polytrisiloxane (QS-302) as an adjuvant alongside the emulsifier blend. The formulations were subjected to emulsion and thermal stability tests according to the methods used by both the FAO and WHO to determine qualified pesticides. Using the residual thin film technique, the acute toxicity of prepared formulations was also assessed against adult rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Generally, alphacypermethrin demonstrated greater effectiveness than fipronil, with LC50 values of 1.545 ppm for alphacypermethrin compared to 8.60 ppm for fipronil. When the QS 302 adjuvant was incorporated at a concentration of 7% into the EC formulations, the LC50 for fipronil decreased from 8.60 ppm to 5.98 ppm. Also, at a 14% addition of QS 302, the LC50 value dropped to 2.92 ppm. In contrast, the efficacy of alphacypermethrin against rice weevils diminished when QS 302 was mixed with the other components at the same concentration. This may be attributed to the enhanced pesticide penetration and distribution of fipronil, which was improved more than that of alphacypermethrin due to alterations in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance (HLB), ultimately affecting the solubilization and penetration of the insecticide through the rice weevil cuticle.