In Khoy ophiolitic massif (NW of Iran) three types of Quartzite and also Quartz bearing veins can be distinguished: massive Quartzite, Quartz bearing veins in the amphibolites and siliceous veins in the radiolarian cherts. Massive Quartzites contain Quartz porphyroclasts associated with very   small- deformed Quartz neoblasts. These Quartzites are deformed in regime I and recrystallized as grains bulging. Siliceous veins in the cherts have Cu-carbonate impregnations in the field. Very large grains of Quartz with well-developed triple point junctions can be distinguished in thin section. Their pattern of c-axes distributions doesn’t show any special orientation.  The pattern of c-axes distributions in the Quartz bearing veins in the amphibolites is consistent with prism and rhomb slip system along <a> direction. Water in these veins is at the origin of soluble structures and precipitation of clay minerals. SEM analysis on the soluble fovea as the result of water operation has revealed high amount of water.

The Salafchegan Quartz diorite pluton which is located at 45 km southwest of Qom, has intruded sandstone and sandy limestone of the Upper Red Formation as small subvolcanic intrusion. A zigzag pattern of major and trace elements variations in these intrusive rocks, from margin to the center of the pluton, may indicate periodical magma chamber refreshments. These subvolcanic rocks show geochemical calc-alkaline affinity and in the case of aluminum saturation index, they could be classified as meta-aluminous rocks, similar to I type granitoids. These rocks are enriched in LILE, and LREE but depleted in HREE. In addition, they show negative anomalies of Nb and Ti, low Ce/Pb, high Ba/La and Ba/Th ratios associated with high Al content. They illustrate porphyritic texture accompanied by inequilibrium phenocrysts such as zoned plagioclase or reaction rims surrounding hornblende crystals. Based on petrographical studies and geochemical analysis, it could be suggested that the parent magma of these subvolcanic rocks was related to a subduction zone and has emplaced in a magmatic arc.

In this investigation, the force-frequency effect in a square AT-Cut Quartz resonator is studied. Based on the force-frequency effect, by insertion of diametrical forces, the natural frequency of thickness shear vibration mode in AT-Cut Quartz resonators is changed. This criterion is of importance in designing Quartz resonators and force sensors. In this paper, the frequency change of a square AT-Cut Quartz crystal subjected to a pair of opposing forces on different points of its edge is studied experimentally. Also, the force-frequency effect in the square crystal is modeled by a previously developed mathematical-finite element model. The accuracy of the model is verified by the experimental results. Then, the model is applied for evaluating the force-frequency effect in the AT-Cut crystal, and the frequency shifts in different loading configurations are obtained. The new loading configurations are produced by moving the loading points along the edges, and by rotating the edges of the crystal around its thickness axis. Also, the distributed loading tests are performed on the crystal. Based on this, the loading configurations with maximum and minimum frequency shifts are obtained. Moreover, the design of Quartz crystal force sensors having high sensitivity and also the crystal oscillator with high-frequency stability are discussed.

The loess deposits in central Asia, China, Europe and the USA provide records of past climate, which permits the study of paleoclimatology. Although luminescence dating has had an important role in dating loess, significant challenges still remain. UV-blue emission from polymineral and feldspar suffer from anomalous fading. UV-blue emission from Quartz saturates at c.<500 Gy. Fattahi (2001) reported the ability of red thermoluminescence for dating volcanic Quartz to c.1.3 Ma.This paper investigates the possibility of applying single aliquot regeneration red thermoluminescence (SARRTL) protocol for dating loess and demonstrating that: 1- It is possible to detect red thermoluminescence from loess. 2- Red thermoluminescence from loess is bleachable.3- SARRTL is able to recover a known laboratory dose.4- Equivalent doses around 1000 Gy are accessible.This information suggests that SAR RTL is a powerful protocol for dating loess which can extend the time range of luminescence dating of unburnt Aeolian sediments.

The maintaining stability of public facilities, especially public roads, it is very necessary, so the stabilization efforts must be carried out. The water from seepage that comes out of sandstone layer carries material with fine particles, it causes the rock cohesion to decrease and thus leading to scouring. As a result of the scouring, the layer becomes overstep and can disturb road stability. This study was conducted to provide simple but measurable recommendation for maintaining road stability after the previous stabilization effort failed. The method used a fluid mechanics approach in which water from the formation was given space to come out of the formation without carrying fine particles (cement). The analysis was carried out using the finite element method by installing horizontal drain pipe. The result of analysis shows that the horizontal drain installation helps water to come out without creating an overstep layer. The recommended horizontal drain is 8 m long with a slope of at least 3% and a length of 1 m that must enter the sandstone formation as a water source. With this method, the road stability can be maintained and the stabilization can be carried out in an easy, inexpensive, and applicable way.

In this research, the effect of micro turbulence on the flotation rate of Quartz particles was investigated. The maximum particle Reynolds number (Rep) was obtained at 60.25 with a particle size of -500+420 µm, impeller speed of 900 rpm, bubble surface area flux of 10.21 1/s and micro scale turbulence size of 162 mm. When the micro turbulence size was equal to the particle size, the maximum flotation rate of coarse particles (Rep>10) was obtained at 1.47 1/min.

The laser back writing process (LBW) on the glass and Quartz has been studied in the present work. For this purpose, a steel target was irradiated with Q-switched Nd: YAG laser pulses. As a consequence of the laser irradiation, the produced plasma is penetrated onto the glass and Quartz substrates. The process was compared for two different samples. The effects of the pulse numbers and the laser fluence on the morphology and the target material penetration on the substrate were investigated. The results show that this process produces microchannels with the controlled dimensions (the depth and width) on the substrate. The presence of the nanoparticles (Fe and Cr ions on Quartz and Fe ions on glass) is an important result of this process that can affect the microchannels' function. Irradiation parameters, including the number of pulses, the laser fluence, the pulse repetition rate, and the substrate material, affect the channel quality and the type and rate of the ion penetrated onto the substrates. The width of the channels for the Quartz sample is greater than that of the glass sample, and also, more ions are deposited on the Quartz substrate than the glass. The EDX and UV-Visible spectroscopies were used for studying the penetration rate and the type of ions present on the substrates. The surface profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the profile and the width of the affected area. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was used to study the metal target's composition.