If in enlightenment wisdom and the institution derived from it were important and man faced nature, romanticism was a revolt against enlightenment and assumptions coming from it. The exponent of encyclopedia and the enlightenment thinkers were of the view that "wisdom" alone is the right path to understanding of the world and its foresight and other senses are weak. In contrast the romantics were of the view that "feelings" are the authentic sense for understanding, in other words mind accept a path which heart has guided it. The present article wants to examine the Romantic Movement and the grounds for the formation of it in Germany. Romanticism in Germany got an anti-French nature and France was like "the other" for German romantics. The paper also discusses the theory of romantic government and the thinking of Johann Hamann with emphasis on exclusivist aspect of this movement and its confrontation with enlightenment.

Nima, founder of modem Persian poetry, revealed romantic tendencies especially in his earlier poems, maintaining a milder romanticism for the rest of his life. The purpose of this article is to explore Nima's romantic tendencies and his views on romanticism regardless of his poetry. Nima's romanticism borders the social romanticism of the constitutional period and the sentimental romanticism of the 20s and 30s. The main characteristics of his romantic poetry are as follows: romantic love, desire for nature, primitivism, idealism, subjectivism, desire for isolation, appreciation of the poetry of European romantic poets, etc.

The Germany Literature is embellished with the works which belong to different eras. The Romantic era, inter alia, has this speciality that its intellectuals, literary men and artists have focused their attention not to the real issues, but to the ultimate infinite of the universe, because, the origin and foundation of the issues is the ultimate infinite which is manifested in the form of beautiful ideals in the nature. According to the ramantic insight, the artists observe the manifestation of ideals in the scene of the nature through their feelings and reflect them in their works. However, the subject of their concern is so great that no artist can totally observe it and display it in his/her work. Moreover, the ultimate infinite of the universe may not in nature be confined within a work of art. Therefore, the literary works remain as an unfinished pieces. This article is a brief explanation of the insight and works of the intellectuals, literary men and artists of the romantic era.

The social-political events are the main stimulus of the change of style in any period of time. In Iran ,Constitutional Revolution, alongside the changes that caused in society, had a great influence in literature and by proposing social contents, caused the change in the style of the literati. Occurrences in Pahlavi's government, increased the tendency toward community-oriented romantic and lead to change in style of poems and other artworks. Romanticism is a Literary school that emphasize on excellence of emotion and fiction rather than reasoning and intellection. This school has two branches: individual-emotional (dealing with personal world) and social (reflecting social events and attempting for change in society). Nosrat Rahmany is one of the pioneers of community-oriented romantic poetry in contemporary and one of the frustrated intellectual after the 1953 coup when social-political events caused him to turn toward people. Since this time on Rahmany considered the human emotions and feelings more important than individual and personal emotions. In this research, relying on Nosrat Rahmany's poems, the transition of his thought from Individualist romantic to community-oriented romantic and characteristics of Individual romanticism and community-oriented romanticism were studied.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and definition of romantic missing from prototype perspective. In the first Study, Iranian young participants (age 18 to 33) generate features of missing a partner. In the second Study, another group of participants (age 18 to 33) rated the centrality of features gathered in the first Study. In the third Study, the most 20 central features generating the prototype of romantic missing was given to tow groups of participant (age 18 to 33), couples in long distance relationship (LDR) and couples in close relationship (CR). Results of exploratory factor analysis on the third study data supported three factors for the romantic missing prototype which are: desire for communicating and being together, imagining and thinking and feeling sad and separated. Two groups of LDR and CR were compared by the use of independent T-test and differences in total missing score and also each three factors score were significant for these two groups. A prototype measure of "romantic missing" offered to assess the extent to which partners experience romantic missing during interpersonal separation (N=20, a=0.921, M=102.65, SD=22.82).

The romantic school seems to be more extensiveand more complicatedthan other literary schools, and enjoys a special importance. The characteristics of this school are based on two major principles of freedom of art and manifestation of modern feelings. However, romanticism is not restricted to serenading and expression of personal feelings and description of nature, rather it spills over to other disciplines such as politics, religion and literary critique, and its manifestation also remains even in different literary movements of the twentieth century.

Romanticism, in Iran, was the outgrowth of specific social and political conditions that were created following increment of challenge between different faces of tradition, modernity and the crisis driven by it. Nima Yushij, the founder of new poetry, is among the poets who have tried romanticism in their poems. Romanticism of Nima is a median between constitutional revolution nationalistic romanticism and the emotional romanticism after his time.His poem is a crystallization of human emotions and social life. Poetic view of Nima takes him to far horizons; the nature is in sympathy with him, he, enjoying his imagination power and elements in nature, depicts sometimes the oppressive age of society and sometimes his own ideas. The contents of his poems is a mixture of love, nature, hope, despair, humanism and exposition of social pain which all show his romantic sensitivity.The present paper, a library research, aimed at making the reader discover Nima’s approach to romanticism by contemplation in some poem samples and related issues which are introduced in different parts of the paper and analyze his approach based on school of romanticism.

Falling in love is one of the main concepts which is central in almost all ethnicities and folklore literature. In this study, Gourani is defined as the native poems of Hourami, not in the sense of lyrics. Gourani is mostly in the form of single-verse poem. Each verse embeds all the meaning independently. Falling in love, besides praising the nature and to some extent the national epics, is the main theme of Hourami’ s anthology. The study borrows a descriptive-analytic research method based on the survey data and the analysis of the individual folklore verses of Hourami. The aim of the study is to investigate the themes of romantic Gouranis of Hourami. To this end, 50 verses were selected from Noudsheh city and analyzed accordingly. The findings suggest that women of Hourami have such a significant place in a large number of romantic Gouranis that they are sometimes on the same ground to that of the verses about men. One of the main aspects of Gouranis is the sadness evoked because of the distance from the beloved. In these poems, women cry out their bitter and sad love songs in the chaotic conditions of their native land. In these single-verse poems, love has a material and worldly meaning. The poet praises the beloved so much that the creator is praised instead, but this is merely for praising the worldly beloved. This shows the underlying issues in the social relation and the general cultural paradigm of the society.