ROSA canina L. is a member of ROSAceae family, which is well-known for its high phenolic contents. These compounds are known to possess antioxidant and antiradical effects. In order to compare the antioxidant and antiradical activity of wild ROSA phenolic extracts, two wild ROSA species (ROSA canina L. and ROSA pimpinellifolia L.) were selected from Takab, Oshnavieh and Qasemloo Valley of Urmia, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in 2011. The fruits of R. canina and R. pimpinellifolia were collected and then methanolic extracts were prepared from these fruits. The extracts' total phenolic and flavonoid contents and scavenging capacity for radicals nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH were analyzed. Fruit extracts, respectively, had a range of 176.48±2.71 and 225.65±2.50 mg gallic acid equivalents /100 g methanolic extract in total phenolic content, 0.41±0.02 and 2.02±0.03 mg quercetin/100 g methanolic extract in total flavonoid content, 22.41±0.64% and 58.10±0.72% in hydrogen peroxide, 79.16±0.61% and 87.78±0.10% in DPPH, and 76.93±2.31% and 236.76±16.04% in nitric oxide radical scavenging percentage. The findings suggested that radical scavenging capacities of R. canina and R. pimpinellifola extracts in different populations positively correlated with phenolic content.

ROSA damascene mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran is one of the most important species of ROSAceae family flowers. R. damascena is an ornamental plant and beside perfuming effect, several pharmacological properties including anti-HIV, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitussive, hypnotic, antidiabetic, and relaxant effect on tracheal chains have been reported for this plant. This article is a comprehensive review on pharmacological effects of R. damascena.Online literature searches were performed using Medline, Pubmed, Iran medex, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites backed to 1972 to identify researches about R. damascena. Searches also were done by going through the author's files and the bibliographies of all located papers.

Two species of ROSA, ROSA canina and ROSA beggeriana, are widely propagated due to their rapid growth and good fragrance. Considering propagation problems of rose flower through traditional ways, in vitro micropropagation methods are recommended. One of the problems of in vitro cultures of ROSA species is yellowing of leaves. Therefore, in the present study, two experiments were designed in order to increase greenery of leaves in in vitro cultures of R. canina and R. beggeriana. In the first experiment, the effects of modified MS basal medium (containing 8. 34 mg/L FeSO4 and 30 mg/L AgNO3) and two types of plant growth regulators, BAP and TDZ, were studied. According to the results, the highest greenery percentage of leaves was observed in the medium containing 1 mg/L of BA and 8. 34 mg/L FeSO4 (42. 6%). The second experiment was designed to study the effects of two types of iron (FeSO4 and Fe-EDDHA) in MS medium containing, 1 mg/L BA and 0. 5 mg/L NAA. Results showed that combinational use of FeSO4 and Fe-EDDHA resulted in the highest greenery of leaves (67. 15%), branch length (3. 92cm) and dry weight (0. 03g). Rooting of regenerated plantlets in solid 1/2MS medium containing 0. 25 mg/L BA, 1 mg/L IBA, 0. 1 mg/L NAA and 40 g/L sucrose, showed the highest number of roots per plantlet (9. 1) and root length (4. 03 cm).