Dear Editor-in-Chief: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) was first reported by Hinchey et al in 1996 (1). In recent years, the same pathological condition has been called posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (2)...

The increasing fascination with the Internet of Things has led to the extensive deployment of Low-power and Lossy Networks. IPv6 Routing Protocol over Low Power and Lossy Networks serves as the ideal routing protocol proposed by IETF for routing in IoT-LLNs. Routing attacks are one of the IoT challenges that can lead to network performance problems and often denial of service. The Destination Advertisement Object (DAO) insider attack is one of the most notable attacks in RPLs, and previous studies have not developed a complete method for its detection so as to separate the malicious node from the normal node. Using an anomaly-based intrusion detection system, this paper suggests three methods based on random, fixed, and dynamic threshold adjustment to prevent DAO insider attack and identify malicious nodes. The results showed that the proposed model has a detection rate of 100% and a very low rate of false alert.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a heterogeneous condition consisting of three or more consecutive abortions before 20th week of gestation. Despite extensive research on the causative effects of RPL, approximately 50% - 60% of RPLs are still idiopathic. Although an increasing number of prospective studies have been conducted with sufficient power to investigate the association between various thrombophilias and RPL, some controversy still remains toward screening for thrombophilia in women with RPL.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between recurrent pregnancy loss and polymorphism in factor-XI (A>T) gene in Iranian Azeri women.Methods: This is an association study with a case-control design. The study participants consisted of 320 women with RPL from Iranian Azeri origin. The control group comprised 320 age- and ethnically-matched healthy women in the reproductive age. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood and genotyping was performed using PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.Results: The genotype frequencies in the case group were 54.68% AA, 45.31% AT, and 0.9% TT, while the frequencies in the control group were 52.18% AA, 47.32% AT, and 0.6% TT. No significant association was found between factor XI rs3756008 polymorphism and RPL (P>0.05).Conclusions: There is no significant association between factor XI rs3756008 (A>T) polymorphism and RPL among Iranian Azeri women.

Background: A large proportion of cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are associated with immunological factors. Objective: This study investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 gene in women with a history of RPL compared to healthy women. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 2 groups consisting of 120 healthy women with no history of abortion and at least one delivery (control) and 120 women with a history of 2 or more primary RPLs (case). In addition, 5 mL of peripheral blood sample was taken from all subjects. The frequencies of CTLA-4 rs3087243 and rs231775 polymorphisms were assayed by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and rs5742909 using the high-resolution melting real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The mean age of the women in the control and RPL groups were 30. 03 ±,4. 23 (range 21-37), and 28. 64 ±,3. 61 yr (range 20-35), respectively. Pregnancy loss numbers ranged between 2-6 in women with a history of RPL, and between 1 and 4 in the successful pregnancy group. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the genotypes of GG and AG in the 2 groups in rs3087243 polymorphism (OR 1. 00 for GG genotype and OR 2. 87 for AG genotype, p = 0. 0043). No significant difference was observed in the genotype frequencies of rs231775 and rs5742909 polymorphisms, of the 2 groups (p = 0. 37, and p = 0. 095), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that CTLA-4 polymorphism, rs3087243, might be associated with a risk of RPL in Iranian women.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been defined as two or more miscarriages before 20th week of gestation. It seems that IL-27 may reduce inflammatory responses and affect the survival of the embryo during human pregnancy. IL-27 polymorphisms may influence RPL by altering the levels or the activity of gene product.Objective: We studied for the first time the association of IL-27 -964 A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with RPL in Iranian women.Materials and Methods: A case-controlled study was performed on two groups consisting of 150 healthy women with at least one delivery (control group) and 150 women with two or more primary RPLs history (RPL group). The -964 A>G SNP in IL-27 gene was determined by PCR-RFLP technique. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using c2 tests between two groups.Results: There was no difference between the two groups regarding age of women (29±4.4 [control] vs. 30.84±5.2 years [case]). In the RPL group, the genotype frequencies of -964 A>G polymorphism were AG (49.3%), AA (40%), and GG (10.7%), and in the control group, they were AG (43.3%), AA (48.7%), and GG (8%). There was no significant difference between the genotypes of AA, AG, and GG in two groups (p=0.23). As the frequency of allele A was 64.7% in the RPL group and 70.3% in the control group, the difference in frequency of allele A in -964 A>G between two groups was not significant (p=0.19).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SNP of -964 A>G in IL-27 gene is not a risk factor for RPL in Iranian women.

This paper presents an assessment on a friction-slip connection for moment frames with continuous beams based on the current detail. It also proposes a new configuration for rigid connections in moment frames with continuous beams, which can be developed as a friction-slip connection. In conventional moment frames, beams are placed between two adjacent columns and connected to the column flanges faces. However, in moment frames with continuous beams, two beams are continuously passed next to the column. In the existing practice for connections in these frames, two vertical connection plates placed on column flanges, and the beams are connecting to these plates via their wings. In the mentioned detail, it was assumed that the load transfers with in-plane action between connection plates and column; therefore, the design force is pure shear, and based on the design procedure, it should have been able to be developed for a friction-slip connection. However, the results showed that the out-of-plane action of RPLs could be significant; although this action provides extra capacity in moment connections, it is not desirable in friction connections due to changes in the developed forces in pretension bolts. Based on this action, a locking occurs, which changes the performance of the connection considerably. As an alternative to this detail, a new configuration is proposed in this paper, which can also be used as a friction-slip connection and provides a friction connection in moment frames with continuous beams. In new detail, by eliminating the effect of connection plate thickness, the friction joint works as expected. Thus, instead of the plastic behavior of structural elements, these friction joints can be used as an energy-dissipating system.