Background: The aim of this study was to determine the types of memory problems in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (checking, washing and mixing) in terms of recognition memory and Recall. Methods: 45 patients with obsessive-compulsive (15 checking and 15 washing and 15 combined) and 30 formed the control group (n = 15 as generalized anxiety disorder, and 15 normal subjects) were selected. Control groups in terms of demographic variables with groups checking, washing and mixing are matched. In terms of thoughts and actions obsessive-compulsive using the scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Yale-Brown and psychiatric interview were evaluated. In this study, subjects' memory two word lists (Recalling list and browse using sign recognition) that utilizes computers were provided was examined. Results: Patients with obsessive-compulsive in terms of recognition memory and reminder using symptoms compared with normal control group, a significant difference. Conclusion: Memory problems in patients with obsessive-compulsive psychological theories, particularly in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be explained and patients generally suffer from memory impairment.

Background & Objective: Sellick's maneuver is a routinely used technique for the prevention of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. The rationale for the application of cricoid pressure necessitates that it is applied at the loss of consciousness during rapid sequence induction. Cricoid pressure therefore, may be fully applied at a level of anesthesia where awareness, and possibly Recall, of the: maneuver occurs.Materials & Methods: This study was setup to determine the frequency of awareness and Recall Sellick's maneuver following 100 patients (ASA I, II) who candidates for lower extremity surgery were randomly enrolled in this prospective study. After induction of anesthesia and application of cricoids pressure, symptoms of awareness and Recall were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Spearman correlation.Results: The frequency of awareness and Recall were 45% and 16%respectively.The frequency distribution of awareness severity based on grade 1, 2 and 3 were 16%, 6% and 1% respectively. The frequency distribution of Recall severity based on mild, moderate and sever were 15%, zero and 1% respectively. The correlation between awareness severity and Recall severity was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to high frequency of awareness and Recall following Sellick's maneuver and its complications, it is available to revise the procedure of this maneuver and in particular the accurte time in its application.

Recall rate is defined as the percentage of screening mammography for which further work up is recommended. As the Recall rate increases, sensivity is increased but specificity and positive predictive value are decreased. It is a trade off between sensivity and specificity.Indeed in all the women Recalled, a very few cancer patients were diagnosed at the expence of an increased number of procedures for a large population of the non-cancerous group and the associated cost, time and anxiety.The purpose of this presentation is to review the main criteria for measured performance of screening mammography, the role of Recall rate as a surrogate measure and discussing the target or optimal Recall rate.

Background: Experience of awareness and Recall during general anesthesia can be very distressing for patients. There is no doubt that surgery pain is the most distressing feature of awareness. This condition can cause neurosis in patients. If patient be aware during surgery and be able to hear some comment, she or he senses weakness, paralysis, feeling of helpless and anxiety, panic and death. The main goal of this study is determine the incidence of awareness with Recall during general anesthesia.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study carried out on 1500 patients (ASA Class I) that underwent elective surgery in Shohadie - Ashayer hospital. The assessment tool was a questionnaire filled out by interview with patients after 20 – 36 hrs post-operation.Results: 1056 (70.59%) of patients were males and 442 (29.41%) were female. For 900 patients (60%), Benzodizepines (Midazolame or diazepam) was used as a premedication and for all patients opioids were used for analgesia. Inductive drug was Thiopental sodium for all patients. Only 6 patients (0.4%) were aware and Recalled some comments during general anesthesia.Conclusion: regarding the undesired effects of awareness and Recall during general anesthesia, use of drugs such as benzodizepines for premedication, opioids for analgesia and acceptable concentration of inhaled anesthetics for preventing these terrible events are necessary.

It is necessary to expand the safety on the roads and prevent the damages resulting from the defects of the cars, to know the process of Recalling the cars and the necessity of following its rules. Car Recall has a special place as one of the after-sales services. Vehicle Recall may be issued for defects during production or design, or for defects created after use. Analyzing and interpreting the Recall of the car and examining its legal dimensions raises issues such as what is the legal nature of this entity? What authorities can initiate a car Recall? The present article proceeds with a descriptive-analytical approach and by applying the existing regulations on the car Recall phenomenon, and finally, after analyzing the issue, it concludes that there are several assumptions regarding the legal nature of the Recall. Analyzes in the form of warranty, Unilateral contract, additional contract and gloss are proposed, despite this, the hypothesis of independence and specificity of the legal nature of the Recall of the car is closer to its nature and nature. In addition to the manufacturer, related government agencies and courts and private lawsuits can initiate a vehicle Recall. The purpose of this research is to provide the best practical process that helps the Iranian society to achieve high standards of success when performing car Recalls.

Two experiments investigated the false memory effect (the Deese - Roediger - McDermott paradigm) among the Iranian population. In experiment 1, subjects studied list of semantically associated words. In experiment 2 which was an extension of the afore - mentioned paradigm, lists of linedrawings of semantically associated words were presented. In both experiments, a high rate of false Recall and false recognition was observed. The findings suggest that a) - the effect is replicable among the Iranian population and b) - it can be generalized to pictorial stimuli. The results are discussed in terms of the network theories.