The Reception of Popper in Japan has not been a glorious history up to the present day. There have been numerous misunderstandings and distortions. It is important to record and discuss them in order to learn from them and to make use of his ideas in the Japanese intellectual climate. This is the purpose of the present paper. From the perspective of the Reception history, we searched the reasons why Popper has been misunderstood in Japan (especially in four areas: philosophy, economics, history, and political philosophy), and tried to identify some of the factors responsible for this misunderstanding. To this end, we applied the method of “situational analysis” to the Japanese peculiar intellectual situation after the so-called après guerres, rather than by using a chronological order. If the causes of misunderstandings and distortions in Japan can be clarified by means of a situational analysis, we can learn a great deal from this history and can use this knowledge to throw new light on the status of critical rationalism in Japan

The Reception is one of the new theories, which has opened a new way in comparative studies over the recent decades. This theory, post by Hans Robert Jauss, returns the readers' role to themselves and insists on it. In as much as in this theory the Reception of an author is considered in a foreign country, the Reception of Christian Bobin, contemporary French author, is going to be considered in this article. By preparing a list of his translated books in Iran and their analysis by using the concept of Horizon of expectation, we will understand that there is no contradiction between the Iranians' expectations and Bobin's books. The influence of religious texts and using the themes like nature, love and childhood agree with their literary taste and play a role in the Reception of this French author.

According to Hans Robert Jauss, Reception history plays an important role in determining the aesthetic value of literary texts. In his famous essay "Literary History as a challenge to Literary Theory", Jauss provides seven theses through which he clarifies how history plays an important role in Reception theory and proposes objective methods through which the aesthetic value of texts can be determined. This paper seeks to apply these theses to Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels by considering how the work was received as part of eighteenth century history and literature and how the horizons of expectations changed among later nineteenth and twentieth century readers. In general terms, what constitutes criticism and readings of Swift's contemporary readers is a result of their focus on the role of the author and the equality of narrator with author. However, more interest in the text itself as a work of art develops in later periods.

The Reception and influence of Popper’s philosophy of science and his political philosophy in Latin America have depended heavily on the translation of his major works originally published in German and English. Thus, for example, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, which was originally published in 1959, was translated into Spanish in 1962 and into Portuguese only in 1974. Similarly, The Open Society and Its Enemies, originally published in 1945, was translated into Spanish twelve years later in 1957 and into Portuguese in 1974. But apart from a discussion of the impact of the translations of his books, I also want to show that the political situation in some Latin American countries, for example, Chile, Cuba and Peru, has played a very important role in the introduction, Reception and influence of Popper’s philosophy of science in general and his social and political thought in particular. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to examine the Reception of Popper’s ideas in Latin America and give an account of his influence and legacy in some of the Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay.

The article, initially, considers a brief discussion of the main shifts in information and communications field, the introduction of Direct Broadcasting Satellites (DBS), and the concept of media policies in world today, with an emphasis on countries of Asia. A critical overview of policies of the Iranian government against public Reception of TV programs accessible via DBS follows. The analysis policies currently adopted by thirteen Asian countries indicates that many of them have considered re-broadcasting of "appropriate" content in order to compensate for the domestic production shortcomings, and to attract audience for "controlled" services. Nevertheless, there exists a wide variation in terms of volume, type of content, language used, the extent and manner of content control application (censorship), number and type of ownership, management mode of the organization, and the distribution procedure for countries within the region. The question of satellite TV Reception in Iran is not yet resolved, and it is criticized by the political figures, by the professionals and by the public. Now, after more than a decade since the prohibition policy of 1994 came into being, the public has uncontrolled access to hundreds of satellite TV channels. This has drastically reduced the applicability of the Prohibition Act, competitiveness of the national media, and effectiveness of the state intervention for policy design and execution. A survey on policies of the Asian countries shows that the utilization of the existing satellite programs is not incompatible with maintaining the cultural and political sensitivities. In other words, it is possible to use the satellite TV and maintain politico-cultural integrity.    

Do translators know what kinds of translation their readers like and what kinds they dislike? The translator, like every author, has some readers in mind. Hence, in order for a translation to be acceptable, it needs to fulfill its readers’ expectations. The present study surveys readers’ expectations regarding literary translation (novels and stories), literary translators, as well as the peritext, the text and the format of such translated books. To this end, readers’ reviews in three sites, namely Fidibo, Taghcheh, and Goodreads, were collected and then coded and classified following the thematic analysis approach. Chesterman’s (2007) tripartite model of Reception which studies readers’ reactions, responses, and repercussions was adopted as the theoretical framework. Readers’ expectations were classified into five main categories, namely translational expectations, textual/linguistic expectations, peritextual expectations, formatting expectations, and good literary translators' features. The results indicate that readers like translations that are both fluent and readable and are free from linguistic and textual abnormalities which are often the result of literal translation. Furthermore, the results of translational expectations specifically show that readers prefer translation methods and approaches that truly transfer the meaning, style, tone, register as well as culture-specific concepts. As to the peritext, readers preferred that an introduction and a literary criticism of the foreign work be included in the translation. Also, they defined a good literary translator as someone who is fully competent in the foreign language, able to comprehend the original text accurately and well-endowed with writing ability.

Despite the significance of the possibility of producing new evidence in the phase of appeal in a proceeding, there is no explicit rule in this regard. This issue is controversial among the scholars in the field of procedural law and the judges in connection with the appellate stage of a proceeding. Most of the courts have induced from the laws and regulations which governs this issue, the fact that a judge can make reference to the new evidence in the appellate, such as new investigation, inspection of scene, or new deeds, even if those evidences have been out of the point or have been deviated or have not been considered by the court of first instance due to any reason. Such approach, from the view point of precedent in the field of appeal, has been provoked by the Iranian Law of Civil Procedure (1939) and Article 563 of French new Civil Procedure Code and it can be said that the judicial precedents in this regard have been established on the basis of the same laws. The only limitation thereof is reference to the new evidence for proving those claims which had been under consideration of the first instance court. However, such precedent is not compatible with jurisprudential (feghhi) history of appeal and the very texts of some laws. Thus the conservative approach of the courts in this regard should be taken into account In the process of the future development of legislation. By following such an approach the legislator can be pushed to revert to the previous laws and regulations concerning the appeal, taking into account some adjustments thereto for confronting the prolongation of adjudications.