Background: Applying the cardiopulmonary pump produces inflammatory responses and induces leukocytosis. White Blood Cell (WBC) count has a diagnostic value for detecting different infections. In this study, we want to redefine the normal value Reference Intervals of WBC count in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients, to prevent misdiagnose leukocytosis as a sign of infection. Methods: In an observational study, 140 patients who underwent on-pump CABG were enrolled to find out normal Values of the Reference Interval. WBC counts were evaluated for all of them one day before the operation, first 30 minutes of ICU entrance, after 24 hours, and 48 hours after operation. Normal Values of Reference Intervals were calculated for each measurement by two different statistical methods. Results: There were 102 men and 38 women with age average of 61 years. There was no significant difference between genders' WBC counts before operation (P = 0. 151), ICU entrance (P = 0. 391), 24 hours after surgery (P = 0. 698), and 48 hours after surgery (P = 0. 523). The mean Values of WBC after surgery were higher than the normal range of Reference Interval and had an increasing trend in the first 48 hours after surgery. The WBC Values were significantly different between pre and post operation (before operation and ICU admission (P = 0. 001), ICU admission and 24 hours later (P = 0. 001), 24 hours after surgery, and 48 hours after surgery (P = 0. 001)). All post-operative Reference Values were significantly higher than the range for the general population. Conclusions: There is a significant increase in WBC count after on-pump CABG. The normal range of WBC should be revised and adjusted to prevent misinterpretation as a sign of infection.

Background: Maximal respiratory pressures are suitable for non –invasive evaluation of respiratory muscle function A variety of methods for subject selection and test procedures have been used for the determination of normal Values and Reference equations for maximal respiratory pressure (MRP). Materials and Methods: we analyzed a well-defined, healthy subgroup of 224 men and 211 women with a wide age range (20 to 82 yr), using multiple linear regression, for the purpose of determining the effect of age, other correlates, normal Values, and gender-specific Reference equations on MRP. Results: Mean Values of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were 9.78 kPa for men and 7.61 kPa for women. Mean Values of maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were 13.11kPa for men and 10.21 kPa for women. Conclusion: Prediction equations and mean value normally resulted from a cohort study of healthy 20-82 yrs subjects are given and are recommended to be used by pulmonary function laboratories in IRAN.

Background: Mechanical PR Interval (MPRI) is an important parameter in the fetus as a surrogate for PR Interval. Normal Values of MPRI have been reported with controversial effects of Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) and Gestational Age (GA). However, the effect of HRcorrection on PR Interval is unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to obtain the Reference Values of fetal MPRI in a large series of normal fetuses by pulsed-Doppler fetal echocardiography. This was done to determine the influence of fetal sex, Heart Rate (HR), GA, and maternal age on MPRI and to calculate the novel HR-Corrected Mechanical PR Interval (CMPRI) to investigate whether HR-correction of PR Interval can decrease the influence of HR. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 516 consecutive normal singleton fetuses. By extrapolation from Bazett’ s formula, we corrected the MPRI for HR. Impact of fetal sex, HR, and GA on MPRI and CMPRI was studied. Mean ± standard deviation, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of MPRI and CMPRI were also calculated. Then, the data were entered into Stata, version 12 and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: Reference Values of MPPR and CMPRI were provided in four GA groups; i. e., 14-18, 19-22, 23-26, and 27-38 weeks. Fetal sex and maternal age had no influence on either MPRI or CMPRI. After adjustment for fetal sex, GA, and maternal age, there was a 0. 14-millisecond (ms) decrease in MPRI and a 8. 06-ms increase in CMPRI for every single increase in FHR. Additionally, adjusted linear regression model indicated a 0. 43-ms increase in MPRI and a 2. 53-ms increase in CMPRI per gestational week. The results of paired t-test showed no significant difference between fetal MPRI and neonatal PR Interval. Conclusions: This study provided Reference Values for MPRI and CMPRI in fetus from 14 to 38 weeks of gestation from the 5th to the 99th percentile. The results also revealed significant correlations between both FHR and GA and MPRI and CMPRI. Furthermore, HR correction of MPRI did not add any advantage in terms of HR-independency of mechanical PR Interval.