With a length of 950 km, Karun River is the longest river in Iran. In this study, we aimed at application of Sentinel-3B satellite altimetry data as well as Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for the estimation of Karun River discharge and validation with the in-situ data. Knowing that Level-2 altimetry data are not reliable for rivers and shallow waters, we opted to re-track the waveforms of Level-1B Sentinel-3B mission data and to test several re-tracking techniques for this purpose. The results showed that the threshold algorithm, with threshold of 90%, improves the accuracy of the time series of water level by 7. 05% and increases the correlation with the in-situ gauge data by 12. 7% as compared with those obtained via Level-2 data based on OCOG that was identified as the optimum re-tracker in this case. Next, from the estimated time series of the river’ s water level, the time series of Karun River discharge were evaluated in order to constitute our discharge estimation based on Sentinel-3B satellite altimetry data, which further to be compared with the discharge that we calculated using satellite imagery of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, while taking the in-situ data as the benchmark. The river’ s discharge time series obtained from the altimetry data resulted in RMSE value of 852. 31 m 3 /s, NSE coefficient of 0. 19 m 3 /s, and correlation of 62. 40% with the in-situ river discharge time series. On the other hand, the river discharge time series obtained from satellite imagery of Sentinel-1 mission resulted in RMSE value of 165. 06 m 3 /s, NSE coefficient of 0. 94 m 3 /s, and correlation of 97. 12%, and Sentinel-2 mission the RMSE value 264. 23 m 3 /s, NSE coefficient of 0. 81 m 3 /s, and the correlation of 97. 32% with in-situ data. The overall results of this study indicates that various Copernicus satellites missions have good potentiality for Karun River discharge monitoring.

As organizations increasingly outsource data to cloud storage, ensuring the security and integrity of this data becomes paramount. Searchable encryption (SE) offers a promising solution by enabling secure searches on encrypted data, thereby preserving privacy and confidentiality. However, existing SE schemes often overlook the issue of data integrity, particularly when the cloud server, an external and potentially untrusted entity, returns invalid or malicious results. This paper proposes a novel technique for validating the results Returned by the cloud server in asymmetric searchable encryption schemes. The proposed method introduces minimal efficiency overhead and is easily applicable to existing schemes. By applying this technique to the dPEKS (designated Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search) scheme, we demonstrate a significant reduction in search time while enhancing the ability to validate results across multiple servers. Our approach ensures that the integrity of Returned data is preserved, even in scenarios where the cloud server may act maliciously. The proposed technique is particularly effective in private scenarios, such as e-care and banking, where only authorized users can send and retrieve data. This work contributes to the ongoing effort to improve the security and reliability of searchable encryption in cloud environments.

Fifth Generation-New Radio (5G-NR) is an advanced air interface defined to fulfil diverse services with ubiquitous coverage in next generation Wireless networks. The waveform is the crucial part of air interface that must have good spectral confinement and low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used air interface in Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution (4G-LTE) system. But OFDM suffers from high PAPR, Carrier Frequency offset (CFO), and loss of spectral efficiency due to insertion of cyclic prefix. So, the high dense networks with heterogeneous traffic in the 5G requires new multicarrier waveform. In the proposed work, waveforms based on sub-band filtering are considered due to more flexibility and shorter filter length as compared to the sub-carrier-based filtering waveforms. Two major 5G waveform candidates Filtered-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM) and Universal Frequency Division Multiplexing (UFMC) are proposed in the system design. Channel coding is the inherent part of air interface for enhancing the error performance. New error correcting channel codes introduced in NR to support variable information block length and flexible codeword size. The capacity achieving Polar codes is the highlight of this paper adopted for control channels. 5G NR air interface using new modulation waveform along with the polar coding can be an effective way to enhance error performance. This paper presents comparative analysis of comprehensive systems Polar coded F-OFDM (PC-F-OFDM) and Polar coded UFMC (PC-UFMC) in massive MIMO scenario. Simulation results indicate that the proposed PC-F-OFDM systems significantly outperform the PC-UFMC systems in AWGN channel. But in massive MIMO setup BER performance of PC-UFMC is better than PC-F-OFDM system.

Coordination is one of the critical issues in remanufacturing systems that can persuade supply chain parties to make optimal centralized decisions leading to higher profits. Accordingly, this paper aims to examine a reverse logistics system, including one manufacturer along with a collector who collects used products based on the consumers' willingness to return such products. Consumers’,willingness is dependent on the take-back price, which is adjusted based on various quality levels affecting the processing cost of the collected items. This study developed mathematical models under both decentralized and centralized scenarios. Besides, to align the interests of both members and better profit-sharing, a cost-sharing contract is implemented. According to the results, in the coordination model, the take-back price of the high-quality level is increased compared to the decentralized model while the take-back price of the low-quality level is decreased. Hence, it suggests collecting and repairing higher-quality products to achieve higher profits for the whole system. Besides, the paper provides valuable suggestions for managers to resolve the conflicts of interest among participants of reverse logistics systems in an efficient manner.