The paper highlights the life and works of a versatile man of letters of the Qajar period, called Mirzā Es.hāq Šams-ol-Mā'alī, originally of Neyrīz, in Fārs province, who was an excellent calligrapher, a bilingual poet (Persian and Arabic), a master of mathematics and astronomy and an expert in Islamic lore, and yet he remains relatively unknown, most of his writings unpublished. He was born in the town of Neyrīz early in the 13th century A.H./late in the 18th century, in a family of celebrated calligraphers, He spent his childhood in his native town and then moved to Shiraz to continue his education. As he began to compose poetry, he chose "Šams-ol-Mā'alī" as his nom de plume, and even though he used a different pen-name, "anjoman", later in life, his original pen-name stayed with him and became his title.Šams left Shiraz in mid 13th century for a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Reza in Mashad. He had a long stopover in Isfahan, where he was introduced to the Governor, Manučehr Khan Gorjī, Mo'tamed-od-Dowleh, and where he met some other literary figures. After his return from Mashad he stayed in Tehran for a while, where he was likewise introduced to the court of Motlammad Shah. Later he returned to Shiraz and for several years was a companion of Prince Tahmāsb Mirza, Mo'ayyed-od-Dowleh, while he was the Governor of Fars province. Some of SAMS's best poems have been written, in Persian and Arabic,in praise of this prince.Towards the end of his life, Šams fell into bad times, and we find him complaining of his destitution in a letter that he has written to a would-be benefactor. He died possibly in Šuštar, sometime after 1280/1863 according to one account, and possibly in Tehran around the same date, according to another.His surviving works, all of them in manuscript form, are preserved in the Central Library of Tehran University; these include his poetry, mostly panegyrics, a treatise on astronomy, his literary writings and letters, a work entitled Šīrāzīyyeh in three books, which is a collection Koranic quotations interspersed with his own poetry.

This paper is an attempt to expose certain characteristics of the sathiyyat of Mowlavi in his sonnets. The writer claims that some of the sonnets of Mowlavi are the products of the poet's subconscious moments and may thus be classified as sathiyyat. The writer first gives a definition of sath as understood by mystics and explores its constituent elements. The writer then examines the main the theme of some of the sonnets as well as their structures and language characteristics to show the deviations from the standard language. The writer concludes that the poet has written these sonnets in a state of ecstasy induced by the domination of love, a state in which the poet has reached a new but subconscious level of knowledge. This claim is substantiated by certain themes and characteristics taken from the sonnets.

The fateful meeting of Š ams-e Tabr īz ī with jalāl al-D īn Mohammad Rūm ī in the sugar vendors' market of Qūnīyya (Konia) in the year 642 AH./ 1244 C.E. was a turning point in the former's life, starting off a conflagration that consumed jalāl aI-D īn  Mohammad's whole being and turned him from a respected theologian and preacher to a frenzied lover and mystic. How did Šams bring about this transformation? What kind of spell did he cast on Rūm ī? To answer these questions, the author discards the accounts given by Rūm ī's companions, SepahsāIār, Aflākī and Soltān Valad (Rūm ī's son) because of their contradictions and exaggerations, and turns instead to the poetry of Rūm ī imself. What the author finds from his perusal of the Dīvān-e Š ams, and his harvest of all the tidbits and references to Š ams that he has found in it amount to a great jigsaw-puzzle panorama extending, in the author's own words, "from the earth to the seven vaults of heaven". The picture drawn of Š ams by Rūm īshows him at the start as an ordinary man, as a mere mortal, and then raises him to the level of the Perfect Man, and from there he shows him rising up, further and farther, until eventually he reaches the level of divinity, and annihilates himself in God's being and seeking union with it. The author then delves on the three stages of Šams's progress, and gives us all the appropriate citations as he goes along.

Climate change in the past decade had serious impacts on food security and livelihoods in different parts of the world. EOF is one of the important methods for studying rainfall patterns in an area. The main objectives of the paper were to determine the best weight coefficients and frequency functions, determine homogeneous regions, model seasonal time series, and find the Severity-Area-Frequency (SAF), Duration-Area-Frequency (DAF), and Meteorological Drought Curves in three basins of Karun, Dez and Karkheh. In order to achieve the above objectives, 69 (Ministry of Energy’ s) weather stations were selected in the research basins. After qualitative control, test and reconstruction of data, frequency functions and four weight factors (EOF) were obtained. Then, with the homogenization of the rainfall zone, the 291 cells in the ArcGIS9. 3 environments were examined by ordinary kriging interpolation method. The results of the interpolation for first to forth weight functions (EOF) showed that the spherical semi covariogram with second degree of polonomial trend and unisotropy, the Gaussian no-trend with isotropy, the Gaussian with second degree of trend, and the spherical with second degree of trend and no-isotropy have the best distribution respectively. The homogenization of the region showed that the minimum average monthly precipitation in southern parts of Khuzestan Province and some eastern parts of Charmahalo-Bakhtiari Province was 14. 5-24. 3 mm and maximum average monthly precipitation in northern parts of Khuzestan Province and south of Lorestan Province was 65. 3-80. 4 mm. Using the ARMA Stochastic Modeling Method with the SAMS program for each cell for 4 time series of frequency functions (PC), 12. 000 rainfall data were obtained and then analysis of droughts was conducted. The results showed that the Gamma and Log-Normal statistical distribution for the return periods of 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 years were the best fit for the series of relative shortages and drought persistence, respectively.

2Introduction: In bioinformatics, analyzing single-cell data is crucial for understanding cellular functions' complexities. However, this analysis faces challenges like inefficient dimensionality reduction and suboptimal clustering. This study aimed to present a method that enhances the clustering of single-cell data, improves reconstruction quality, and reduces data dimensions. Method: This paper introduces SAMS (Single-cell Analysis using Multi-Scale Autoencoder), which uses a multi-scale autoencoder model to improve the challenges in single-cell data analysis. The SAMS method involves three primary steps: (1) data preprocessing and normalization, (2) employing a deep neural network model to reconstruct and reduce data dimensions with the help of a multiscale autoencoder, and (3) clustering the reduced data using the K-means algorithm to assess the method's performance. Results: The SAMS method was implemented using Python on single-cell datasets. The results demonstrate that SAMS can effectively visualize cells in a two-dimensional space with an average Nearest Neighbor Error (NNE) rate of 89%, indicating a strong preservation of data structure. Additionally, the Silhouette index and Davis-Bouldin index, which measure clustering accuracy, show significant improvement with averages of 0. 66 and 0. 50, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed SAMS method by combining the multiscale self-encoder model and the K-means algorithm could obtain better results than the previous methods. Its application in single-cell data analysis can aid researchers in gaining deeper insights into cellular functions and discovering new patterns.

In Iran, with semi-arid climate conditions, optimum use of limited water resources has particular importance.Conducting research projects in area of water resources, especially in recent decades, due to encounter of human habitats to climate change and drought phenomena is essential. In this study the influence of climate factors on fluctuations of Parishan Lake water level during 1973-2009, was conducted using statistical models. Projection of climate factors for the next three decades also was done by the ARMA (1, 1) model using the SAMS software.Finally, by regression models projected parameters were used to simulate Parishan Lake water level for the next three decades and determining the best model. Findings suggest that the effective climate factors influencing Lake’s water level fluctuations consist of precipitation, evaporation and temperature. These findings reveal that Lake’s water level fluctuations are mostly governed by natural climate variations, hydrological cycle and drought return periods. These models showed that lake’s water level fluctuations exist in the future and the projected data predicted increase of lake’s water reservoir and water level for upcoming years.