Economic SANCTIONS mean civilian actions that have undesirable effects on transfer of goods, services or capital to a particular country. Sport is also not an exception in Iran. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of SANCTIONS on Iran sport. This was a field study using a mixed method. The sample included the experts of management and sport (n=92) in qualitative and quantitative phases. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis in Amos22 software were used. The results indicated 5 significant factors resulting from SANCTIONS in sport including financial problems, knowledge and technology, international interactions, marketing and economics. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the construct validity of the questionnaire. Based on the obtained results, it is obvious that authorities should pay special attention to solutions offered in economic sectors, interactions, attention to production and privatization especially the economic and income-generating infrastructures in the sport sector in order to develop sport which could be the key to tackling this issue.

Unilateral SANCTIONS and other coercive measures in international law are among the complex and controversial issues in intergovernmental relations, having profound effects on human rights, global security, and trade relations. Given the increasing prevalence of these SANCTIONS, it is essential to analyze and assess their legal dimensions. The main question of this study is to what extent unilateral SANCTIONS are legitimate under international law and how they differ from SANCTIONS imposed by the Security Council. The research method employed in this article is based on documentary and comparative analysis, through which the differences and similarities between unilateral SANCTIONS and those imposed by the Security Council are examined. The process of reaching answers involves the analysis of international documents, review of legal cases, and examination of various scholars' opinions. The final outcome of the article reveals that unilateral SANCTIONS often conflict with international legal principles and, in addition to violating human rights, contribute to weakening the global legal system. The innovation of this study lies in emphasizing the extraterritorial impacts and complexities of implementing unilateral SANCTIONS, as well as the challenges they pose in a globalized world, which require a revision of international law principles.

The "boycott" was developed in theory as a tool for establishing lasting peace" by the United Nations Security Council but in practice it became a tool for achieving national or regional goals of a particular country or countries. After Barack Obama came into contact with the two way foreign policy of "Call and hold" or engagement and pressure" against Iran new SANCTIONS were introduced as "smart targeted or crippling SANCTIONS" The purpose of this two way policy was to change Iran's behavior The US concerns include terrorism- human rights and nuclear activities. The result of such a policy is to avoid dealing with two Iranian nuclear options and a military strike against Iran and the United States with the cooperation of other countries has been making smart SANCTIONS against Iranian authorities the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps militar industries important economic foundations The banking insurance commercial and investment sectors the energy sector including oil gas petrol and petrochemicals included transport and shipping sectors including shipping and airline. In addition to studying the principles and principles of SANCTIONS in international law this paper examines the process and quality of SANCTIONS imposed on Iran and- in the end- we have tried to implement the results of the abolition of SANCTIONS by taking into account the variables of time and The situation is investigated and analyzed.

Central bank SANCTIONS are one of the types of economic SANCTIONS. Various forms of economic SANCTIONS in the strict sense of the word, including blocking and confiscating the assets of the sanctioned country, prohibiting export and import and buying and selling goods, blocking assets, (such as the blocking of Iranian assets by the United States following the occupation of the American embassy in Iran) ), currency and monetary restrictions such as increasing international tariffs and not granting loans or reducing credits and inappropriate exchange rate changes. Today, economic SANCTIONS can be mentioned as a tool to achieve foreign policy goals from other countries. The goal of the sanctioning country is to distort the economic relations of the sanctioned country and weaken the system of the target country, through the quantitative and qualitative reduction of the international trade level of that country. At present, the countries that have more economic and military power in the international arena and mainly include Western countries, have a share in controlling the international economy by using economic tools and various related SANCTIONS, including bank SANCTIONS. They act to weaken or expose the economy of the country targeted by SANCTIONS in order to secure their political interests and dominate other countries. For this reason, some Western analysts consider SANCTIONS as a tool that also weakens diplomacy. Therefore, in this article, the legitimacy of banking SANCTIONS in the international arena has been investigated, with an emphasis on banking SANCTIONS against Iran. Also, in this topic, the content of various opinions and decisions resulting from the SANCTIONS of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been examined.

In last years, one of the main challenges facing the Iranian economy has been economic SANCTIONS. These SANCTIONS have been imposed for various reasons and have been aimed at influencing various economic sectors of Iran. Accordingly, management of the hazard of economic SANCTIONS is one of the most important priorities of policy makers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is classify various types of economic SANCTIONS based on the nature and source of SANCTIONS, and then these SANCTIONS are ranked according to the hazards that affect the Iranian economy. For this purpose, using the fuzzy AHP method and the opinion of experts and experts, the hazards of economic SANCTIONS against Iran are estimated based on two criteria: "imposed costs on economy" and "ability to bypass SANCTIONS". According to the results, United Nations financial-banking SANCTIONS with 56 percent, UN oil SANCTIONS with 21 percent, EU financial-banking SANCTIONS with 15 percent, and EU oil SANCTIONS with the highest hazards of SANCTIONS The Iranian economy. They had a total of more than 78 percent of the total threat of SANCTIONS against Iran. On the other hand, a variety of SANCTIONS imposed by the United States include a total of 15 percent of the hazard of SANCTIONS. As a result, among all the SANCTIONS, the importance of UN / EU financial-banking, and oil SANCTIONS is much more than other SANCTIONS that should be taken into account in the plans and policies adopted.

Since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran has been affected by economic SANCTIONS imposed by Western countries especially the U. S. From 2006 and with increasing Iranian nuclear standoff with P5+1 group, the United Nations has frequently imposed economic and financial SANCTIONS against Iran. As a result of these international restrictions and their management by an international organization, Iran's exports have been heavily reduced. Given the SANCTIONS on the oil industry in Iran and the lack of a comprehensive model of export performance of Iranian petroleum products in the SANCTIONS period, this research can help improve and develop this industry in international markets. The research method is phenomenological and the statistical population includes export and marketing managers and oil industry experts. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling method was used in this research. In this qualitative study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to gather information and 7 in-depth interviews on saturation law were conducted. Structural, internal, interpretive and descriptive validity were used for validation. For surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used to insure correct coding. This research uses a qualitative study to determine the effect of returning SANCTIONS on the export performance model of Iranian petroleum products. After open, pivotal and selective coding and the use of Atlas quality software, the background of Iran's oil products export performance in SANCTIONS are: market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment and items of Iranian oil products export performance in sanction includes: financial performance, customer satisfaction and customer retention in sanction situation. Most of the previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology while we used the qualitative and mixed method in this research.

Iran's labour market suffers from long term economic challenges; yet harsh SANCTIONS intensified and complicated its problems. At first glance, it seems that Iran labour market was resilient and performed well during severe SANCTIONS (2012-2019) as the number of employed workforce has increased and unemployment rate decreased while the economy suffered from stagnation, declining investment and high inflation rate. This paper shows that sanction has changed the structure of Iran's labour market; as a great part of workers moved from high valued added activities to lower productivity jobs. Most workers, who lost their jobs in private industries, had to move to low value added services. As the result of SANCTIONS, low paid and temporary informal employment expanded which in turn exacerbated the challenge of widespread poverty and its related social ills. In large state and semi-state manufacturing companies, the number of workers did not decrease, despite the production decline. So, during 2012-2019, employment could rise at the cost of decreasing productivity. For generating a dynamic labour market, at the first step the SANCTIONS must be lifted; yet complementary measures such as sound fiscal, monetary and trade policies must be implemented; and the unnecessary rules and regulations that hinder productive investment and pave the way for rent seeking and corruption must be removed to encourage productive investment and creating sufficient number of sustainable new jobs.

Although it takes the equality of states as an international principle, the international system is an unequal system in which power is essential. Unilateral SANCTIONS, such as those of the United States government that violates international law, are examples of this inequality. Governments are always looking for ways to bypass these unjust SANCTIONS. The formation of cryptocurrencies as a means of facilitating financial transfers beyond the control of regulators raises the question of whether the specific features of this means could also serve as a means of bypassing SANCTIONS. And will cryptocurrencies be able to end the United States dollar’s dominance of international trade? In response, while such a capability exists in theory, and blockchain technology and cryptocurrency, as one of its essential products, can transact financially away from the dominance of the global economic system, this does not imply that the technology has the full potential to bypass the global financial system. Because the application of this technology in bilateral state interactions necessitates political will, and only a few countries worldwide have embraced this.