One of the methods to create the idea in the architectural design is the principles and patterns in the natural phenomena. The current study consists of two sections. The first section introduces and recognizes the analogy of nature and its different types. Then, this section studies, classifies, and analyzes the opinions using the analytical-descriptive methods. In the second section, performances of two groups of undergraduate and graduate students of architecture, in architecture and Urbanism Faculty of the Jundi-Shapour University of Technology, Dezfoul, on how to deal with nature and analogy method was evaluated as freehand sketching using experimental study. The sketches were classified based on the modeling and analogy method into three classes of formal, structural, and conceptual analogies, which have conceptual, structural, and formal specifications based on the patterns of nature. The results show that undergraduate students selected the patterns based on their form, function, symbolism, aesthetics, feelings, design process, nature, climate, and structure. Also, graduate students selected the patterns based on the function, form, symbolism, feelings, climate, and structure. The form of nature was applied more among the undergraduate students, while the function of nature was utilized more among the graduate students.

In this paper, the aim is to find the nearest trapezoidal fuzzy number to a given fuzzy number which preserves the convex combination of support and core intervals of that fuzzy number. This allows the decision maker to select the preferred approximation of a fuzzy number from a class of trapezoidal approximations. Nowadays, the fuzzy concepts are widely used in many real-world engineering applications, such as population models, control chaotic systems, economics and finance, artificial intelligence, computer science, expert systems, management science, operations research, pattern recognition, robotics and others. Because of the existence of fuzzy parameters, computational complexity is the cost of fuzzy system and this matter has captured the attention of researchers for introducing methods and decreasing this cost. In general, most of the fuzzy-based algorithms use a defuzzification process that maps a fuzzy parameter into a crisp one. Obviously, in most cases, too much important information is lost by converting fuzzy sets into a set of real numbers. It seems that we should accept some criteria and apply a framework for constructing a defuzzyfication process. Van Leekwijck et al. in [21] presented a set of criteria for defuzzification strategies and classified the most widely used defuzzification techniques into different groups and they examined the prototypes of each group with respect to the defuzzification criteria.

Background and Objectives: Roberts syndrome (pseudothalidomide) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple malformations, in particular symmetrical limb reduction (phocomelia), craniofacial anomalies such as bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, and is a genetic disorder.The aim of presenting this case is that couples with a personal family history of a heritable genetic disorders should be offered for genetic counseling and should be provided with a calculated risk of having an affected fetus.Case report: The case of the present study was a 38 year old pregnant woman, at 38w gestational age, who referred with labor pain to Akbar Abadi hospital, in October 2008. Due to having history of three cesarean sections in the past, emergency surgery was performed. The female newborn had multiple craniofacial anomalies and phocomelia in righ upper limb.Conclusion: Selective screening for prenatal care should be offered based on maternal age, family history, or the ethnic or racial background of the couple. With prenatal diagnosis, it is the clinicians' decision to alter the severity of congenital diseases by offering expanding number of fetal treatments or surveillance as well as optimal delivery for some or consideration of termination of pregnancy for others.

Designing ideal radiopharmaceuticals for use as the bone pain palliatives requires the utilization of a moderate or low energy β-emitters with a stable carrier molecule. In this direction, cyclic polyaminophosphonic acids are known to form thermodynamically more stable and kinetically more inert complexes with lanthanides, compared to their acyclic analogs. In this study, DOTMP as the cyclic polyaminophosphonic acid and bone-seeking ligand, and 47Sc radioisotope as a low energy β-emitter with the maximum energies of 0. 600MeV and 0. 441MeV and the short half-life of 3. 47d were considered and the therapeutic potential of the bone seeking radiopharmaceutical 47Sc-DOTMP was assessed by measuring its skeletal uptake in the animal model. Because of the limited availability of 47Sc, this study was performed upon using 46Sc radioisotope which is chemically identical. 46Sc was produced with an activity of 2. 3 (85. 1 MBq) mCi by irradiation of natural 45Sc2O3 target at a thermal neutron flux of 3. 5×1013 n/cm2. s in 48h at the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR). 46Sc-DOTMP was prepared in radiochemical purity of about 90% in a chelant-to-metal ratio of 60: 1. The in-vitro stability of the complex was evaluated at room temperature for 48h. Then, the biodistribution studies of the complex in 5 groups of mice were carried out for 7d.

A 39-year-old pregnant woman at 38 weeks of gestation was referred with labor pain to a hospital. She had consanguinity with her husband. A female newborn had multiple craniofacial anomalies and phocomelia in right upper limb. The disease locus was assigned to chromosome17q21. Four days later, infant died of cardiopulmonary arrest.

Because of the importance of weed control in corn inbred lines, this study was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications in Meshkindasht, Karaj, Iran. Two lines including Mo17 (male strile, CMS) as male parent and B73 as female paraent were used. Treatments were: nicosulfuroun (SC 4%), nicosulfuroun + (bromoxynil + MCPA (EC 40 %)), rimsolforun + nicosulfuroun (DF 75%), foramsulfuron (OD 22. 5%), 7 & 8) mesotrione + Smetolachlor + terbuthylazine (SE 53. 75%), weed infest control and hand weeding control. Results showed the significance (P < 0. 01) of the effect of herbicide treatments in reducing weed density and dry weight. The results of the percentage reduction in density and weeds dry weight and herbicide performance evaluation by the European scoring (EWRC) showed that the effectiveness of herbicides was good except for mesotrione-terbuthylazine-S-metolachlor herbicides. The highest corn grain yield was obtained from (nicosulfuroun + (bromoxynil + MCPA)) 400 + 40 g ai/ha and hand weeding with 4. 26 and 4. 03 ton/ha and the lowest grain yield were obtained from mesotrione-terbuthylazine-S-metolachlor and weed infest control with 2. 30 and 1. 11 respectively. Totally, for weed management in corn inbred lines, application of (nicosulfuroun + (bromoxynil + MCPA)) 400 + 40 g ai/ha, rimsolforun + nicosulfuroun 90 g ai/ha, foramsulfuron 337 g ai/ha and nicosulfuroun 80 g ai/ha are recommended. The herbicide applications did not have an adverse effect on seed germination of corn hybrid obtained from lines fertilization.