Introduction: The differential diagnosis of idiopathic and syringomyelia associated SCOLIOSIS is important because corrective surgery for SCOLIOSIS associated with syringomyelia prior to management of syringomyelia can be dangerous. There are important imaging indicators for diagnosis of syringomyelia associated with SCOLIOSIS.A few of these indicators have been assessed in our study.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study including 38 patients with both SCOLIOSIS and syringomyelia was performed at the Shafa Yahyaeian center. Standard SCOLIOSIS series radiographs and MRI of all patients were studied. The type of SCOLIOSIS, location and magnitude of deformity, kyphosis or lordosis in the sagittal plane, location and size of syrinx were assessed.Results: Thoracic kyphosis was present in 94.7% of patients. 37% of patients had SCOLIOSIS with convexity to left. Arnold –chiari malformation was present in 36% and cord tethering in 21% of patients. The locations of syrinx were as follows: 47.4% cervical, 44.6 thoracic, 2.7% lumbar and 5.3% were holocord.Conclusion: Kyphosis, abscence of lordosis in sagittal plane, progressive SCOLIOSIS and SCOLIOSIS with convexity to left are atypical findings and could be indicators of the presence of syringomyelia. If these indicators are present, a diagnosis of idiopathic SCOLIOSIS should be made with caution.

Context: SCOLIOSIS is a frequent pathology in school aged children that may become a concern for parents and can challenge for practitioners and family doctors. The aim of the study is to make a comprehensive overview concerning SCOLIOSIS in school-aged children as well as elucidate red flags and related referral criteria for general practitioners that have to deal with school-aged children in their daily practice. Evidence Acquisition: This article does notaimtobea systematic review aswehave not applied a strictmethodology. We conducted a bibliography search limited to MEDLINE and expanded with a search of the publications cited in the selected articles. Results: The SCOLIOSIS research society (SRS) advise on annual examination of all children between the prepubertal period and 14 years of age. American academy of pediatrics (AAP), recommend a screening school children program between 10 to 16 years of age. These societies reported that school scans were necessary and useful for SCOLIOSIS, they emphasize on the benefits of receiving an early diagnosis and treatment of spinal deformities; thus, avoiding future surgical interventions. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of SCOLIOSIS and assessment of the risk of curve progression is critical in school aged children. There is still a need for a large cohort study to ensure reliable consequences of school SCOLIOSIS screening programs.

Background: Reports on associated intraspinal and other organ anomalies in congenital SCOLIOSIS are variable. We are reporting such findings in one of the orthopaedic referral centers in Tehran.Methods: A series of 381 patients with congenital SCOLIOSIS were evaluated for intraspinal abnormalities with physical examination, radiographs, MRI and/or myelograms. They were also assessed for cardiac urogenital or anomalies in other areas by physical exam, sonography and echocardiography.Results: Cord anomaly was present in 83 (21%) cases, 26 of whom had neurologic abnormality. The third cord syndrome was the most common neurologic problem in 38 patients (45.8%), followed by diastematomyelia in 37 cases. Anomalies in other parts of body detectable by physical examination were observed in 155 patients, and detected by help of paraclinical tests in 34 patients. 84 cases had trunk anomalies, 4 genitourinary and 10 heart anomaly, 37 head and neck, 7 maxillofacial, 3 upper and 23 lower extremity, 8 cases of gastrointestinal anomalies were also detected.Conclusion: The anomalies of nervous system associated with congenital SCOLIOSIS are often without clinical manifestations. Cardiac and urogenital anomalies are not very common in congenital SCOLIOSIS.