Recognition and prediction of biological function of proteins based on amino acid sequences is a simple method employed in so many software and operators. However, the sequence SIMILARITY does not always imply to SIMILARITY of biological function. The aim of this study was to determine the semantic SIMILARITY of gene ontology (GO) of six pluripotency factors, Oct4, Sox2, C-Myc, Klf-4, Lin28 and Nanog in six species and evaluate their conformity with their protein sequence SIMILARITY and phylogenetic distance. C-myc factor exhibited a significant correlation between phylogenetic distance and protein SIMILARITY. The other factors like Sox2, Klf-4 and Lin-28 showed the correct changes of phylogenetic distance and protein SIMILARITY, but Nanog and Oct4 factors did not display a correct correlation between two indices because, the increase of protein SIMILARITY was not followed with the decrease of phylogenetic distance. Following the study, the protein or nucleotide SIMILARITY was assumed as dependent variable and GO SIMILARITY in three categories of biological process (BP), molecular function (MF) and, cell component (CC) were expected as the independent variables. With this assumption, regression analysis was accomplished to determine the best model for protein and nucleotide SIMILARITY estimation. The protein or nucleotide SIMILARITY also displayed a significant regression with GO SIMILARITY for C-myc factor and category of BP and CC were selected to estimate protein or nucleotide SIMILARITY by model, but a significant regression was not observed for other pluripotency factors for estimation of protein or nucleotide SIMILARITY. It means that except of C-myc, GO SIMILARITY of other studied pluripotency factors didn’ t reflect the protein or nucleotide SIMILARITY. It is suggested that related data for five pluripotency factors, including Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, Lin28 and Nanog in the six studied species should be reviewed.

Scott and Szewczyk in Technometrics, 2001, have introduced a SIMILARITY measure for two densities ¦1 and  ¦2 , bySIM(¦1 ¦2)=< ¦1 ¦2>/Ö<¦1 ¦2> <¦1 ¦2>Where<¦1 ¦2>ò+¥-¥¦1(c,q1) ¦2(c,q2)dc sim(¦1 ¦2) has some appropriate properties that can be suitable measures for the SIMILARITY of ¦1 and ¦2 . However, due to some restrictions on the value of parameters and the kind of densities, discrete or continuous, it cannot be used in general. The purpose of this article is to give some other measures, based on modified Scott's measure, and Kullback information, which may be better than sim (¦1 ¦2) in some cases. The properties of these new measures are studied and some examples are provided.

SIMILARITY concept, finding the resemblance or classifying some groups of objects and study their common properties has been the interest of many researchers. Basically, in the studies the SIMILARITY between two objects or phenomena, 2-SIMILARITY in our words, has been discussed. In this paper, we consider the case when the resemblance or SIMILARITY among three objects or phenomena of a set, 3-SIMILARITY in our terminology, is desired. After defining 3-equivalence relation and 3-SIMILARITY, some common and different points between them are investigated. We will see that in some special cases we can reach from 3-SIMILARITY to 2-SIMILARITY.

In this paper, we apply the concept of SIMILARITY operations to equality algebras and introduce SIMILARITY equality algebras. We investigate some related properties of them. In particular, we prove that there is a one to one correspondence  between SIMILARITY filters and SIMILARITY congruence relations on a SIMILARITY equality algebra. Furthermore, we prove the  first isomorphism theorem on SIMILARITY equality algebras. We use the SIMILARITY filters to establish the uniform structure  on SIMILARITY equality algebras and obtain some properties of this topology. In addition, we introduce and study a  corresponding propositional logic for SIMILARITY equality algebras and prove the soundness and completeness of this  propositional logic based on SIMILARITY equality algebras.

Marital satisfaction is important for maintaining the co-existence of couples and their well-being, and the factors that increase marital satisfaction are evident. The purpose of this study is to predict marital satisfaction based on the attitude SIMILARITY, attitude familiarity and values SIMILARITY among couples. . The research design was adescriptive and correlationalstudy The statistical population of this study was all married couples in Tehran and Karaj. 126 couples were selected by voluntary and accessible method. All subjects completed the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire (Enrich), Dynamic Adjustment Scale Inventory (DAS) and Study of Values Questionnaire (SOV). Findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between coordination of feedback, familyarity with spouse's feedback and coordination of couples' values with marital satisfaction. These variables have the power to predict marital satisfaction. Concerning the spouse's feedback and coordination, the couple's values are equal to 0. 71 and their common variance is equal to 0. 50, which means that the desired variables predict 50% of the couple's marital satisfaction. The results showed the importance of coordinating feedback, familiarity with the spouse's feedback and coordinating the couple's values on marital satisfaction, which can be considered in marriage counseling sessions.

Pansharpening is the fusion of panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MS) images to obtain a high spectral and spatial resolution image. Various metrics are introduced to assess the performance of different algorithms of pansharpening. This paper proposes a new metric for spectral quality evaluation of fused images. In the proposed method, spectrum vector of each pixel of fused image is compared to corresponding spectrum of reference image. Area of difference between two spectra is measured, and by applying this process to all pixel vectors of the fused image and taking an average over obtained values, spectral distortion of whole image is obtained. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed index, deliberate spectral distortion is applied to fused image and the proposed metric's ability to detect distortion is examined. Experimental results on real remote sensing images demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed metric compared to other existing metrics.

Please click on PDF to view the abstract