Objective: Active and passive SMOKING lead to the production of a number of oxidants and antioxidants with various adverse health effects compromising the immune system. Tobacco use increases the production of free radicals as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive SMOKING on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and saliva in rats.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 18 rats with an age range of 7-11 weeks weighing 160-200 g; 9 of them were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times daily for 8 minutes. The 9 controls were not exposed to cigarette smoke. After injection of 0.2 mg/kg midazolam and 0.5 mg/kg pilocarpine, serum and saliva samples were taken from subjects in the exposure and control groups at 0, 15 and 30 days. Serum cotinine was measured using ELISA kit. TAC of saliva and serum was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. TAC values at different time points were statistically analyzed in each group using Repeated Measures ANOVA and compared between the two groups using t-test.Results: At baseline, no significant difference existed between the two groups in terms of serum cotinine concentration but at days 15 and 30, cotinine serum concentration significantly increased in the exposure group. At baseline and 30 days, no significant difference existed between the two groups of passive smoker and non-smoker in terms of serum TAC values but at day 15, serum TAC values were significantly higher in the exposure group. Also, TAC of salivawas significantly higher in the passive smoker group at baseline and at day 15 but at day 30, the difference in this respect between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, changes in TAC of serum and saliva in rats due to exposure to cigarette smoke were compensated by their immune system activity. However, further investigations are still required in this respect.

Background and Objectve: Throat infections such as tonsilitis and pharyngitis in children can lead to absence from school, deferment from class, imposing treatment cost, and increasing the use of antibiotics. In addition to decreased mucosal salivary and mucosal immunity, SMOKING has harmful effects on oral microflora and may lead to tonsilitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parents’ cigarette SMOKING on incidence of tonsillectomy in children referred to Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord during the period of 2017-2018. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on children with tonsillitis who referred to ENT department of Rasool and Imam Ali Clinic Shahrekord Medical University. Eighty children aged 3 to 12 years old with tonsillitis and tonsillectomy indications were included in the study. Children age, gender and surgery type as well as information about their mother and father cigarette SMOKING habits were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using chisquare and logistic regression. Results: from 80 children, 42. 5% were male and 57. 5% were female. The mean age of children was 7. 30± 2. 26 y. The cases of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy were 66. 3, 32. 5 and 1. 3%, respectively. 2. 5% of mothers of children and 45% of fathers of these children had cigarette SMOKING. From smokers’ father, 52. 8% had cigarette SMOKING in outdoors and 47. 2% had cigarette SMOKING indoor. There was no significant relationship between the type of surgery and status and place of cigarette SMOKING by mothers and fathers. Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between incidence of parents' cigarette SMOKING and tonsillectomy, the prevalence of cigarette SMOKING was relatively high among fathers of these children.

Objective(s): Since the SMOKING reason for different smokers needs different treatment methods and special advices, it is necessary to specify these reasons. This study designed to know the main SMOKING causes in Iran, in order to design proper treatment methods and behavioral therapies for SMOKING cessation. In addition the study thought to evaluate the effects of these reasons on the quit results and the probable circumstances of these effects.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Tehran, Iran. All people attending to SMOKING cessation clinics (affillated to Research Institute for Tuberclosis & Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences) were invited to take part in the study in year 2006-2008. Volunteers answered 13 items of the Iranian version of the Modified Reasons for SMOKING Scale (MRSS), Fagerström test and demographic characteristics. All participants have been assessed by a physician and they participated in a four-session per week program including nicotine replacement and non-nicotinic therapies and behavioral therapy. All participants were followed-up for 6 and 12 months after quiting SMOKING.Results: In all 822 participants including 590 men (68.7%) with mean age of 43.8±13.2 years were studied. All analyses were adjusted for sex and Fagerström test score. Pleasure to smoke was found as the principle reason for failure to SMOKING cessation in the end of clinical trial (P=0.004). In 6 and 12 months follow-up, failed quitting was predicted by pleasure to smoke and hand-mouth activity score (P<0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that reason for SMOKING is associated with its quiting.

The purpose of this study was to compare the emotion regulation in SMOKING and non-SMOKING university students. The research method was casual-comparative and the statistical population were university students at Mohaghegh Ardabili in 1389-1390 (2010-2011) academic year. The statistical sample of the research included 80 SMOKING and 80 non-SMOKING students who took part in the study voluntarily, and answered Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003). To analyze the data, t-test independent was used. The results indicated that non-SMOKING students had reappraisal (as a positive emotion regulation strategy) and SMOKING students had suppression (as a negative emotion regulation strategy). It was concluded that emotion regulation disorder was a risk factor in SMOKING university students.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the tobacco use pattern among senior dental students and their practice and attitude toward the provision of cessation counselling. Methods: This descriptive-sectional study was conducted among the senior dental students of Isfahan during 2023 based on the census sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed and validated using quantitative methods (CVI, CVR). The final questionnaire included 22 questions regarding the pattern of SMOKING and tobacco use and the following of 5A protocol among dental students and 5 questions to assess their attitude. Data was analyzed using SPSS.v27 and logistic regression and chi-squared tests (α=0.05). Results: Among 154 participants (response rate =77%), the most common substance consumed was cigarettes with a prevalence of 35.1% and 13% were regular smokers. The prevalence of consumption in men was twice that of women (Odds=2.01, 95% CI=1.01-3). Also, the history of SMOKING in the family was a significant predictor of SMOKING in the future (Odds=2.6 (,95% CI=1.3-5.5). In this study, no significant relationship was found between SMOKING history and student performance in protocol 5A. Among the items related to attitude, SMOKING history had a significant effect only on the student's belief that SMOKING is a personal decision (P Value=0.02). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of SMOKING among dental students in Isfahan is relatively similar to the general population and most students have poor performance and knowledge in SMOKING cessation counseling, which affects their attitude towards SMOKING cessation.