Regarding to the low rate of conventional Ni-P electroless plating method that needs more time to make a coating on the SUBSTRATE surface, a new technique called “, SUBSTRATE local heating”,was introduced based on the temperature parameter modification and its advantages were expressed and compared to the conventional electroless plating technique (temperature=90°, C, pH=4. 7). In order to provide necessary equipment making this approach practicable, electrical resistance was used as the heating source, and air injection and cooling water circulation were employed to control the solution temperature near the SUBSTRATE and in the bulk solution, respectively. Considering the heater power (1000 W), the SUBSTRATE and bulk temperatures were about 190°, C and 80°, C, respectively. This novel method could enhance the plating rate up to 32 µ, m/h which was about 60% greater than that of the conventional method, 20 µ, m/h. Moreover, benefits such as local plating, reduction of production costs, and formation of functionally graded coatings (FGC) can be achieved.

In order to evaluate the effect of SUBSTRATE and enrichment material on biological efficiency (BE) and other physical and chemical properties of medicinal mushroom shiitake (Lentinula edodes) an investigation was performed as factorial experiment in completely randomized designee with four replications in Khorramabad city of lorestan continent Iran. Experimental factors were SUBSTRATE in three levels, 1- chikpea straw 2- sawdust 3-wheat straw, and enrichment material in four levels, 1- sugarcane bagasse 2- sugar beet molasses 3- rice brane and 4- control (without enrichment). Result indicated that BE of mushroom for SUBSTRATE was 72% and 48% higher than chickpea and wheat straw respectively. Rice bran enrichment had the significant effects on BE and was increased BE by 56% incomparision to control treatment. Enrichment treatment of sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses had not significant effect on mushroom BE. Among the SUBSTRATEs sawdust with 57.7% had the highest carbohydrate levels in shiitake mushroom. The highest level of carbohydrate (63.3%) was belonged to rice bran enrichment that had significant differences whit control and two others enrichments. SUBSTRATE had not significant effect on mushroom lipid. The highest level of mushroom lipid (3.3%) was attributed to rice bran enrichment. Rice bran enrichment was increased mushroom lipid by 65, 57 and 50% incomparision to control, sugar beet molasses and sugarcane bagasse respectively.

SUBSTRATE noise generated by digital circuits on mixed-signal ICs can disturb the sensitive analog/RF circuits, such as Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), sharing the same SUBSTRATE. This paper investigates the adverse impact of the SUBSTRATE noise on a high frequency cascade LNA laid out on alightly doped SUBSTRATE. By studying the major noise coupling mechanisms, a new and efficient modeling method is proposed to predict, prior to processing, the LNA performance degradation due to the SUBSTRATE noise. Our simulations prove that the model can estimate the magnitude of the spurious signals appearing at the output spectrum of the 5 GHz LNA, within an acceptable error of 13%.

This paper proposes a novel nonlocal beam-SUBSTRATE model for the static bending analysis of a nanobeam system on a SUBSTRATE medium. The proposed model incorporates the coupling interaction among nonlocality, surface energy, and SUBSTRATE-structure interaction. The mixture stress-driven nonlocal model is used to capture the material’s small-scale effects inherent in micro-and nanoscale systems, resulting in well-posed micro-and nanostructure responses. The Gurtin-Murdoch continuum surface-energy model and the Winkler foundation model, which respectively represent size-dependent and SUBSTRATE-structure interaction effects, are considered. The governing differential equation (GDE) and its relevant boundary conditions are derived based on the displacement-based principle. The analytical solutions are directly obtained from the GDE and employed to assess the bending responses. To demonstrate the impact of the mixture parameter, surface energy, and SUBSTRATE-structure interaction on the static bending analysis of nanobeam systems, four numerical simulations are conducted. The first simulation validates the proposed nanobeam system by comparing it to experimental results, while the second simulation demonstrates the impact of surface energy and SUBSTRATE-structure interaction on beam deflection. The third and fourth simulations analyze the impact of different system variables on the normalized transverse displacement and effective bulk Young's modulus (EBYM), respectively. The analysis results demonstrate that material nonlocality caused by the mixture parameter and length-scale parameter, as well as surface energy and SUBSTRATE-structure interaction effects, impact the bending behaviors of the nanobeam systems.

Background: hK13 is one of the enzymes that encode by hK13 gene from the kallikrein family gene. It has been reported that this enzyme is found in the seminal plasma, ascites fluid of the patients with ovarian cancer and the breast milk. In this study, we aimed to detect the enzymatic activity and the SUBSTRATE specificity of the hK13, which may be used in the future for the diagnosis and management of the cancer patients.Materials and Methods: The pichia pastoris culture supernatant, with incorporated hK13 recombinant DNA, was collected by FPLC for the purification of the hK13. The fluorescence was measured by Wallace Victor fluorometer and the Km was calculated by non-linear regression analysis using the Enzyme Kinetics Module 1.1 (Sigma plot, SSPS Inc).Results: The Kcat/Km for Val-Pro-Arg-AMC and Phe-Ser-Arg-AMC was higher than that of the other SUBSTRATEs. hK13 was unable to cleave the peptide bonds from carboxyl side of the lysine effectively. The Kcat/Km value for Val-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrolysis by trypsin was 1.5 times more than that of the hydrolysis of the same SUBSTRATE by hK13.Conclusion: Among the 6 fluorogenic SUBSTRATEs, the tripeptide Val-Pro-Arg-AMC was the best SUBSTRATE with the highest value of Kcat/Km for hK13. So hK13 may be used as a tumor marker for identification of patients with cancer. The practical application of this suggestion needs to use advanced clinical laboratory techniques, especially SUBSTRATEs for hK13 and to eliminate the interference of the enzyme activity in the circulation.