Background: Failure to observe proper hygiene principles of water and swimming pool environment is effective in causing health problems and transmission of infectious diseases to swimmers. This study aimed to analyze the level of Escherichia coli and Heterotrophic Plate Count in mineral pools in Sarein.Methods: For this purpose, sampling was performed in each season, and the samples were tested according to the standard method. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality or abnormality of the data. Then, through ANOVA, the differences between the seasons and the pools were compared in terms of the studied parameters.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between the spas in terms of the measured parameters. A comparison of the average data showed that the amount of contamination of mineral spas during the seasons with E. coli was more than the allowable value announced by the National Standard Organization of Iran. The amount of residual chlorine in all samples was zero and the pH was equal to 6.8. The results of principal component analysis showed that mineral spas No. 6, 2, and 11 had the highest HPC (Heterotrophic Plate count) and pH and 9 Cheshmeh, Ershad, and Ghahveh Sui mineral spas based on the second component had the highest E. coli; No. 7 had the lowest E. coli.Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that the cause of the contamination of mineral swimming pools in Sarein city is the high volume of passengers and the lack of proper sanitary management of swimming pools.

Introduction: Sarein tourism city has high potentials for tourism, but still has not been able to lead the development of the tourism industry as it should. Research aim: To present the strategic planning of tourism development in Sarein city is the main purpose of this research. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research consists of tourism experts. 30 people were selected as a research sample by snowball method and the required data were obtained from them through a questionnaire and analyzed using the Meta SWOT model. Is located. Studied Areas: Sarein city located in Ardabil province is the geographical area of this research. Results: The results showed that the factors of therapeutic waters and suitable climate in terms of value, imitation and organizational appropriateness are the most important factors in the development of rapid tourism that should be given special attention. Also, the cause of currency fluctuations and the government's lack of serious attention to the tourism industry, along with inflation and rising costs and international sanctions, are most in line with the goals of rapid tourism development, which need more attention. Conclusion: The most important potentials of the city are rapid natural and God-given factors, and although it has a better tourism situation than its competitors, but the development space for it is very high and some local, national and international constraints and threats need to be addressed. Nationally controlled and plans to eliminate the negative effects of them.

Introduction Today, the tourism industry has been the focus of many countries as an economic sector stimulating the development of a destination. On the other hand, in recent years, with the unilateral boycotts of the Western countries against our country, which has made oil exports difficult, there is more to come to find a replacement for oil. But the experience of recent years in the management of the country's tourism industry, according to international associations, has shown that the only desire to lead the development of this industry is not. Especially in times when the international tourism market is highly competitive and countless worldwide destinations are struggling to gain part of this market. The same competitiveness of the tourism market has made the topic of competitiveness more attractive to tourists. One of the issues that has been discussed a lot is the issue of tourism competitiveness. At present, competitiveness is a central issue in the world and is considered as a means to achieve favorable economic growth and sustainable development. But the reason for increasing attention to the issue of competitiveness in the tourism and other businesses is that the competitiveness index can represent many other important indicators...

Considering the importance of brand equity for tourism destinations and the fact that tourism destination of Sareen has been introduced as one of the seven tourism poles of the country; , the purpose of this study is identifying factors that have an effect at the Serein's brand equity. This is done based on the model of Boo et al (2009). This is a fundamental research. The research population was the tourists that would gone to Sarein at the time between 4 may 2016 and 25 may 2016. Sampling method was random sampling and 384 persons responded the questionnaire completely. Data analysis was performed using the spss 20 and Amos 18 software. The findings indicated that all the research hypotheses were confirmed. The results show that destination brand awareness, destination brand image, destination perceived quality, destination perceived value, and destination brand loyalty has an effect on the Sarein`s destination brand equity, and in this regard brand awareness has the least impact and brand loyalty has the most impact.

In the present study, landslides occurred during 1997 Sarein, Iran earthquake are discussed and evaluated. In order to meet the objectives, the Computing with Words (CW), an approach using fuzzy logic systems in which words are used in place of numbers for computing and reasoning is applied. Firstly, the necessary information which include disturbance distance, ground class, moisture, shaking intensity, slope angle, slope height, soil depth, terrain roughness, and land-use have been collected using air photos, LANDSAT satellite images, geological and topographic maps, and site investigation of the studied region. The data is digitized and weighted using ARCGIS software. At the next step, the hazard rate and predicted areal concentrations of landslides with respect to their types are calculated using CAMEL software (Miles & Keefer, 2007). CAMEL provides an integrated framework for modeling all types of earthquake-induced landslides using geographical information system (GIS). Finally, landslides hazard map is compared to landslides triggered by Sarein earthquake.

Background & Objectives: Pools and Saunas are one of the most public areas that may cause superficial and cutaneous mycoses in humans. So investigating the fungal flora in the mineral swimming pools like Sarein area can remove or reduce the contamination or prevent the probablity of fungal infection.Methods: A total of 284 samples from 11 mineral swimming pools were taken of which 214 were from pools, sauna Jacuzzis, tubs and showers which were covered by sterile moquette and 70 were from water in saunas, jacuzzis, tubs and showers which were collected in sterile test tubes. All of the samples were cultured in standard method on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), sabouraud dextrose agar+oleic acid (S+O) and sabouraud dextrose agar + chloramphenicho1+cyclohexamide (SCC) medias, then identified macroscopically (colony morphology )and microscopically.Results: From 284 samples, 193 were contaminated with fungi. The most frequently isolated species in 11 pools were Aspergillus fumigatus (22/79%), Aspergillus flavus (15/54%), Aspergillus niger (15/54%) and Penicillium (14/5%) respectively. On the other hand, Ulocladium, Sepedonium, Acremonium, Pscilomyces, Stemphylium and Streptomyces with 0.51 %were the least frequently isolated species. In this study, no dermatophytes or other true dimorphic pathogenic fungi were isolated from samples.Conclusion: So it can be concluded that routine hygiene inspections such as disinfection of pools, personnel training and following hygienic rules were much effective in lowering the comtamination. Also mineral waters of these pools can be growth inhibitors of pathogenic and dermatophytic fungi.

Introduction: Nowadays, tourism is internationally considered as one of the greatest economic sectors. Certainly, tourism is one of economically growing activities. In tourism systems, factors such as tourists, domestic people, the route and destination depend on external factors and the environment (e.g. socio-cultural, economic and political systems)…

Introduction: Tourism is a powerful force of change in the economy in both the developed and the least developed countries. Due to the formation of the concept of sustainable development, Tourism industry like other industries has been seeking the ways to further alignment with the concept.Sustainable tourism as a form of alternative tourism, is seeking to improve the quality of life for local residents, promoting tourism experiences and environmental preservation of destination....

Ethnobotany is a science that studies the relation between a particular ethnic or culture groups in a particular area with the native plants. This research studies the ethnobotany and indigenous knowledge on medicinal and food plants of Darwishchai Sarein local poeple. The ethnobotanical knowledge of residents of 5 villages namely Verniab, AliDashi, Vargeh Saran, Ujour and Alvares was investigated. Required information on the use of medicinal and food plants was collected using open-ended questionnaires. knowledgeable persons in a discourse-based manner were selected for filling the forms. Results showed the 57 medicinal and food species in the study area are used by local communities. These plants belonged to 21 plant families. The most species belonged to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae, respectively with 12, 9, 7, 5 and 3 species. The results also showed that from the 57 species, 27 are categorized as medicinal and 30 are put in both medicinal and food caregories. The most and least used organs were leaf (41%) and flag (1%), respectively. Residents in the watershed are using the herbs as brewed for 68. 42 percent of the plants used. Usage of food plants is mostly in soups, 19. 3%. According to the results, most medicinal plants are used to prevent the colds and coughs (35%). Resuts of the research could be used for medicinal and food plants management in the region. In addition it shows that the knowledge of elderlies ahould be respected and used.

Geotourism is one of the newest concepts in the field of tourism and primarily focuses on promoting geological and geomorphological features in landscapes as tourist attractions. The aim of the present study is to estimate the tourism potential of Sarein County based on the sustainability model. The methodology in the present study is to use the quantitative models of Kobalikova, Violet, and Zoros. First, the research problem and its literature were explained using a library method. Then, the available statistics, data, and information from the region were collected using a descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results of the Kobalikova model, the Darband-e-Verghesaran region has obtained the highest score with the highest value in all indicators and a total score of (47. 7). Accordingly, this region has the highest geotourism potential. Also, based on the Violet model, the Verge Saran region has the highest score with a total of (41. 7), the management rate in the Verge Saran region has the highest score with a value of (4. 3) and the tourism rate in the Viladre region has the highest score with a value of (39. 3). The results of the Zoros model also show that the Verge Saran, Viladre and Esbmarz regions have the highest tourism potential with a total score of 86, 78 and 67 respectively. In general, the results show that the geotourism regions of the Verge Saran, Viladre and Esbmarz regions have the highest geotourism capacity, respectively. The results show that in the evaluated models for the geotourism region, the Varghesaran dam is known as the region with the highest geotourism potential, with the highest score in all evaluation models. This region, benefiting from numerous geological, geomorphological, environmental, and historical attractions, has a very high potential for the development of geotourism. Finally, it is suggested that software and artificial intelligence be used in future studies to estimate the tourism potential of Sarein County.