The motion of fluids within partially filled containers has been the subject of much study by scientists and engineers due, in large part, to its importance in many practical applications. For example, civil engineers and seismologists have actively studied the effects of earthquake-induced fluid motions on oil tanks and water towers. In recent years, aerospace engineers have been concerned with the effect of fluid Sloshing within propellant tanks on the stability of aircraft, rockets, and satellites. All of these applications seek container designs which minimize the amplitude of fluid forces over again range of operating conditions. In this paper, an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is developed to numerically simulate viscous free surface flows in partially filled containers. The mass conservation and Navier-Stokes equations are solved as basic equations. The method uses a prediction-correction fractional step technique. In the prediction step, the temporal velocity field is integrated in time without enforcing incompressibility and in the correction step the resulting deviation of particle density is implicitly projected onto a divergence-free space to satisfy incompressibility through a pressure Poisson equation derived fr an approximate pressure projection. The proposed SPH method is used to simulate the Sloshing of a omliquid wave with low amplitude under the influence of gravity. Initial shape of free surface is defined by one half of a cosine wave with low amplitude. The results of simulation are in good agreement with experimental and other modeling data.

In this paper, the fluid characteristics of pitching Sloshing under microgravity condition are investigated. A numerical method by solving the Navier-Stokes equations to study three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear liquid Sloshing is developed with OpenFOAM, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. The computational method is validated against existing experimental data in rectangular tank under ordinary gravitational field. However under low gravity conditions, the Sloshing liquid shows seemingly chaotic behavior and a considerable volume of liquid attaches on the sidewall due to the effect of surface tension, which is verified in simulation experiment. Besides, the nonlinear liquid behaviors in hemi-spherically bottom tank are firstly studied in this paper. It is found that the wave evolution becomes divergent with the decrease of gravitational acceleration. The natural frequency reaches a constant magnitude quickly with the increase of liquid height and then increases again until the filling level exceeds 70%. Meanwhile, the liquid dynamics of forced pitching Sloshing under resonant and off-resonant condition are demonstrated respectively. The numerical techniques for 3-D simulation are hopeful to provide valuable guidance for efficient liquid management in space.

This study aimed to explore the seismic responses of the water-filled prestressed concrete cylindrical tanks. To this end, a number of dynamic-explicit studies are carried out in order to investigate the implications that the water Sloshing phenomenon has on the behavior of the prestressed concrete tank when it is subjected to earthquake inputs. Using previous research demonstrates that our numerical analysis is capable of representing the Sloshing waves. In addition, a shaking table test is carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis. The main highlight of the numerical simulation method is to consider all components and elaborate detailing of prestressed tanks. The novelty of this study is to model the 3D Sloshing of the liquid in the prestressed concrete tanks. Comparing the experimental and numerical results demonstrates a reasonable agreement between them. Also, in this research, the dynamic-explicit method is applied accompanying the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) adaptive meshing to enhance the numerical model for nonlinear Sloshing wave simulation. An experiment is performed on a prestressed concrete containment sample in the shaking table of the Amirkabir University of Technology to assess the efficiency of numerical analysis. The numerical results show the robustness of the water simulation method in which almost shows realistic motions of water mass points in the ALE method.

This study aims to consider the Sloshing height and hydrodynamic pressure in roofless and roofed liquid storage tanks utilizing a coupled FE-SPH technique. As a design technique for determining the necessary analyses and main parameters to reach reasonable results, the Taguchi method is used. The SPH formulation models the liquid concerning the large amplitude Sloshing waves, and the finite element method simulates the structure. At first, it is found that expressions presented in ACI 350.3-06 should be revised when calculating the Sloshing height in a rectangular tank. Secondly, when determining the hydrodynamic pressure applied on the roof and, also the Sloshing height, the frequency content of the input ground motion affects significantly the contained liquid responses. Comparison of the results obtained for roofed and roofless tanks indicate no clear correlation between their dynamic responses. The results of this study suggest the ratio of liquid height to its length, the length itself, and earthquake record PGA as noise parameters in Taguchi analysis. At last, the suggested Taguchi analysis’s main design parameters for future studies are the acceleration spectrum intensity ASI and the liquid’s height in the storage tank.

Earthquake frequency content has a significant effect on Sloshing wave amplitude and height in liquid storage tanks. In this paper, the finite element method had been used to obtain the three dimensional fluid-structure interaction response of the rectangular tanks to access the Sloshing interference effects at the tank corners under various seismic input motions with different frequency contents. The flexibility of the tank wall as well as the structural and fluid damping have been taken into account to obtain more reliable and realistic results. It has also been shown that the 3D Sloshing interference may increase the total wave height significantly at the corners of the tanks compared to the values presented in the design codes, which shows the maximum Sloshing wave with much lower values and at a different location. It has been finally shown that the 3D Sloshing effects relates to the ratio of the width and the length of the tank.

One of ways to prevent Sloshing in fuel tanks is to use baffles inside the tanks. In this research, 5 tank samples, including a non-baffle and baffle tanks are modeled in 3D. In the following, by applying the gravitational acceleration to the tank, the effects of the baffle’ s shape on Sloshing and fluid motion inside the fuel tank have been analysed by using the numerical method of volume of fluid (VOF), the results indicate an error value of less than 4% between numerical and experimental methods. Based on the results, the fluid Sloshing reaches a relative stability after 0. 35 seconds, while in non-baffle tank, this relative stability occurs after 1. 1 seconds. According to the results, the motion of the fuel is in the position of the baffle in bottom and middle is higher with respect to the lower height baffle than the position with the upper baffle in the tank. Based on the results obtained in the simultaneous positioning of the baffles in the bottom, middle and upper, the fluid created less Sloshing and the fuel pipe is in a better position than the baffles in other fuel tanks.