In this study the effect of sintering parameters on the microstructure and electrical properties of the barium strontium titanate sputtering target is investigated. For optimizing the sintering temperature, BST compacts sintered at various temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1400 oC for 2 hours. The sintered Barium Strontium Titanate sputtering target comprising with a high density, purity and a fine-grained microstructure has been also fabricated. Optimized calcining and sintering condition was obtained by controlling sintering temperature and time to fabricate single phase, high relative density sintered body. A relative density of up to 95% and mean grain size of 8 μm were reached at the sintering temperature of 1250oC. The relative permittivity of thin films at 10 KHz was around 4400. Also the thin film bandgap was around 3.2 eV. The densities of the sintered samples were measured using the Archimedes method.Characteristics of the body were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy. Dielectric permittivity (er) were measured with an HP 4192A impedance analyzer and thin film bandgap was analyzed by UV-Vis method.

In this paper, CuO nanoparticles have been synthesized via solidstate thermal decomposition using copper(II) Schiff base complexes as new precursors at 6000C under air atmosphere for 3 h. Surface morphology of the products were characterized by Fourier transform  infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

In this paper, we have investigated GaN/A1GaN Modified Quantum Dot (MQD) nanocrystal and GaN/ A1GaN/GaN/ A1GaN Quantum Dot- Quantum Well (QDQW) heteronanocrystal which has been analyzed by the Finite Element Numerical Methods (FEM). Simulations carried out for state n= 1, 1=0, and m=0 which are original, orbital, and magnetic state of quantum numbers. The effects of variation of radius layers such as total radius, GaN core, shell, and A1GaN barriers radius on the wavelength and emission coefficient are studied. Furthermore, window of 330-410 nm wavelength detected by these structures, provides us facility to detect the light of UV solidstate lasers that are in 349, 351, 355 and 375nm wave length. These suggested structures can be used for medicine, telecommunications and computing (optical storages).

The synthesis of calcium tetraborate was investigated in a temperature ranging from 800℃ to 900℃ using the solidstate reaction method. The synthesis was done using ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate as the source of boron. At temperatures of 800 ℃ and 880 ℃ , the mixed phases from different compounds were formed. At the optimum temperature of 840℃ , the mixed phase was only composed of meta and tetraborate phases. A 2wt% excess of ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate led to the calcium tetraborate phase formation. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the monoclinic structure at the optimum temperature of 840℃ and by 2wt% excess of ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate. Formation of BO3 and BO4 units in calcium tetraborate anionic group was tested by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Elemental composition and morphology of the prepared sample were studied by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The stoichiometry of the prepared powders was almost the same as the theoretical amounts, and powder particles exhibited some monoclinic characteristics.

The objective of this study was to develop a simple and cost-effective method to produce biofertilizer using agro-wastes. There were five types of agro-wastes being used in this study. They were wastes from watermelon, papaya, pineapple, citrus orange, and banana. Solidstate fermentation method was used to produce biofertilizer, which was then applied into vegetable plantation.Physical property tests were done on the plant samples of 5 weeks of age in order to determine the effectiveness of the biofertilizer. The results of the experiment showed that the plant samples treated with biofertilizer from watermelon, papaya, and banana wastes had promising physical characteristics. Other tests such as analyses of pH values and potassium content in the biofertilizers were also done in this research. It was found that watermelon biofertilizer had the highest pH value (5.15). The banana biofertilizer had the highest content of potassium with a content of 3.932 g K/L.

Risperidone (RSP) is an antipsychotic medication commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizoaffective and some forms of bipolar disorder. A novel RSP all-solidstate potentiometric membrane electrode (ASS-PME) was introduced for assay of risperidone active ingredient in dosage forms. The ASS-PME was made of a copper wire coated with a layer of conductive graphite-epoxy resin, a layer of carbon dots and finally a PVC sensing layer. The PVC layer was composed of 30% of PVC, 61% of dibutylphthalate (DBP) as solvent mediator, 2% of an ionic additive (sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB)) and 7% of an ion-pair of RSP-TPB as a sensing material. The device worked well under laboratory condition and showed a Nernstian response of 58. 2± 0. 4 mV/decade from 1. 0×10-7 M to 1. 0×10-3 M of the analyte with lower detection limit of 8. 3×10-8 M. The ASS-PME has excellent selectivity toward RIS in presence of excipients in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.

We have studied the structural and electrical properties of Gd(Ba2-xLax) Cu3 O7+d [Gd(BaLa)123], Gd(Ba2-xNdx) Cu3O7+d [Gd(BaNd)123], and Nd(Ba2-xPrx) Cu3O7+d [Nd(BaPr)123] compounds with 0.0£x£0.8 prepared by the standard solidstate reaction. The XRD patterns show that all of the samples with x£0.5 are isosructure 123 phase, but in Gd(BaNd)123 and Nd (BaPr)123 there are several impurity peaks in the XRD patterns for x³0.6. We estimated the xc solubility=1.1, 0.6 and 0.55 in Gd (BaLa)123, Nd (BaPr)123, and Gd (BaNd)123, respectively. The resistivity increases with the increase of doping. The decrease of Tc with the increase of Pr doping is faster than Nd and La doping. The normal-state resistivity is fitted for two and three dimensional variable range hopping (2D&3D-VRH) and Coulomb gap (CG) regimes, separately. Our results indicate that the dominant mechanism for x³xcSIT is 3D-VRH. The broadening of magnetoresistance have been investigated by TAFC and AH models. The pinning energy and Josephson coupling energy, decrease with the increase of applied magnetic field as U~H-b these values also decrease with doping concentration; Pr is more effective than Nd and La.