Background and Aim: Respiratory distress is one of the fundamental problems of preterm infants. Various studies have indicated that favourable auditory stimulation influences on saturation pressure oxygen (SpO2) amount through regulating respiratory rate and rhythm. Thus, this study was done to examine the effect of lullaby music on SpO2 in preterm infants in NICU.Materials and methods: In this clinical-trial study 40 preterm infants that were hospitalized in the NICU wards of Imam-Reza and Qaem hospitals in Mashhad in 2005 were assessed. The infants were randomly assigned to either of two equal groups, the music group (case group) and control group. The infants in both groups were observed and assessed every day for forty minutes for a period of eight days. Percent of oxygen saturation was measured and recorded by means of a pulse oximeter. Then, the music group received 20 minutes of recorded Iranian traditional musical lullaby sung by a woman (db:65-75) music per-day for 8 days but the control group received their everyday care with no music. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS soft ware (11.5), using Chi-square, paired t, independent t, and general linear tests to control intervening variables, and PN0.05 was taken as the significant level.Results: Results showed that mean change in oxygen saturation level increased in the music group significantly (P=0.001). Increased oxygen saturation level in this group remained stable after the music was off and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.019).Conclusion: Lullaby song or music may be introduced into NICU as a more predictable and stable source of stimulation which masks intermittent and unpredictable sounds, because it decreases the amount of distress and interruption experienced by the infant. Keeping SpO2 at a high level with the least oxygen amount received is an important medical goal. Therefore, if an intervention plan can have a favourable effect on the quality and rate of respiration- and as a result on SpO2- it will be a great help to preterm infants.

Background and Purpose: The obstruction of the upper respiratotri for tract (URT) is one of the most important reasons patients recurrent referral to the ENT clinic. Adentonsilar hypertrophy is almost common reason of the upper respiratory tract obstruction, and it will cause some changes in lung volumes and also in blood gases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects oftonsilJectomy on respiratory symptoms and arterial blood oxygen saturation.Materials and Methods: In a clinical trials study, in a pre and post operative manner, 62, 2-14 years old children were imposed to adentonsilectomy in an easy sampling way. The respiratory symttoms such as: snoring, dyspnea, feeling airway obstruction, mouth breathing and oxygen saturated hemogolobin condition (SpO2), prior to surgery and one month after operation, has been studied and recorded. The results were compared with paired t-test.Results: In a preoperative manner, 80% of patients had mouth breathing symptom and mouth dryness which were reduad? To 10% after surgery.SpO2 measurement had no significant difference before and after surgery, and, it was in a normal range.Conclusion: The correction of respiratory obstruction due to adenotansil is hypertrophy does not make any changes in arterial blood oxygen. The surgery which is used for correction of these obstructions, whill just improve the clinical respiratory symtoms such as snoring and mouth breathing.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The variation of SpO2 and HR is a complication that threatens patients under operation and general anesthesia. Continuous monitoring of SpO2 and HR in all stages of anesthesia, especially induction and recovery stages due to early diagnosis of hypoxia. Fasciculation and shivering are also two common complications of general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine SpO2 and HR variations during fasciculation and shivering in general anesthesia.METHODS: In this study, 100 patients in ASA class I and II aged between 15 to 60 were selected for rapid induction of general anesthesia by using succinycholine as a muscle relaxant. Premedication and induction of anesthesia were the same according to their weight. In the maintenance of anesthesia, halothan (0.5-1%), O2 (50%) and N2O (50%) were used. SpO2 and HR of patients were measured and recorded at 1st and 3rd minutes after fasciculation and at 1st, 5th and 10th minutes after shivering and then data were compared. FINDINGS: There were some changes in SpO2 and HR in both process that the most changes related to 1st and 3rd minutes after fasciculation and 1st and 5th minutes after shivering. Also, these changes during shivering were more severe that was statistically significant (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: Results showed that the most decrease in SpO2 and increase in HR were related to the first stage after fasciculation and shivering that these changes can make some problems for patients with heart or pulmonary diseases. So, it is recommended that anesthesiologists should decrease the probable complications in patients under general anesthesia by continuous monitoring of SpO2, HR and necessary treatment.

To evaluate the effect of Levodopa-B on visual acuity of amblyopic children and the stability of these effects after drug discontinuation. Side effects of this drug in children were also evaluated. This study was a prospective, double blind, clinical trial. 34 children (6-14 years of age), were randomly assigned to receive Levodopa-B 6mg/kg as an initial dose and then 2mg/kg three times per day for one week or placebo as control group in the same sequence. Other treatments for amblyopia were not done during this study. Corrected visual acuity (V.A.) for each eye, was measured at baseline, one hour after initial dose, after one week of treatment, and three weeks after termination of treatment. Children and their parents were questioned about the side effects of Levodopa-B. Results showed that in the treatment group, mean V.A. of amblyopic eyes improved from baseline 0.4 to 0.59 one hour after the first dose (P<0.001). It reached 0.44 after one week of treatment and to 0.45 three weeks after termination of treatment (P<0.05). In the control group, changes in mean of V.A. of amblyopic eyes were not significant (P>O.3). In the treatment group seven cases of nausea and emesis, and six cases of hyperactivity were reported one hour after first dose. These side effects subsided and were not repeated. After one week of treatment, only one case of mild depression was reported. Therefore Levodopa-B 6mg/kg per day, produces a clinical and statistically significant short- term improvement of V.A. in children with amblyopia. This improvement is stable for at least three weeks after termination of treatment. Side effects were also mild and transient.

Background: In December 2019, a new virus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 disease increases cardiovascular events both directly and indirectly. This study aimed to investigate the laboratory diagnostic markers of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 in Ayatollah Taleghani hospital in Abadan from March 20, 2019 to March 19, 2020. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytical study. Some demographic, laboratory, and clinical information of 200 cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 admitted to Taleghani hospital, Abadan, was received randomly by referring to the medical records section and medical records section and health information system (HIS) as well as searching in the patient records. Inclusion criteria included cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 who had been admitted to Ayatollah Taleghani hospital in Abadan with the diagnosis of a cardiologist and infectious disease specialist, and those whose information was available in HIS. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Results: The mean age of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 was reported to be 66. 98 ±,18. 14. The results revealed that the mean of fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher than the normal level in these patients. In addition, the mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) was observed to be lower than normal. Reducing the level of SpO2 to less than 90% was significantly related to increasing age, death, patients with a history of lung disease, the duration of hospitalization in ICU, and intubation. This reduction also led to an increase in respiratory rate (RR), LDH, ESR, and C-reactive protein (CRP + 1) in cardiovascular patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: In cardiovascular patients with COVID-19, FBS, some kidney markers, liver markers, and inflammatory markers were observed to be higher than normal, and a significant relationship was observed between the reduction of SpO2 and some laboratory diagnostic markers, which requires extensive studies with larger sample size.

Background: There are extremely stressful stimuli in the NICU environment. Although attempts have already saved neonates in this unit, this can disturb the adaptability of the infants with environmental stimuli. Methods: In this study, 120 preterm infants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The quiet time protocol was implemented at 16: 00-18: 00 while the control group received a routine program at 11: 00-13: 00. SpO2 and respiratory rate were measured in 15-min intervals and one hour before and after both times. The sound level and light intensity were also measured. Data analysis was done by independent t-test, Mann Whitney, and ANOVA using SPSS version 11. 5. Results: Of all infants, 40% were girls and 60% were boys. Regarding intra-group comparison, the Friedman’ s nonparametric test showed that the percentage of oxygen saturation in the quiet-time group was not significantly different at the first, second, and third hours during the intervention (P = 0. 32); in the control group, it was not also significant. The respiratory rate at the second hour of the intervention was lower in the quiet time group than in the control group (P < 0. 07). Conclusions: The implementation of the quiet time protocol can decrease heart rate and respiratory rate through a decrease in environmental stimuli (noise, light, and infant handling), and thus, is recommended for reducing stress in preterm infants.

Background: The aim was to describe reference values of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in preterm infants immediately after birth. Methods: The preterm (< 35 gestational age) infants who did not require any intervention were included in the study. The recordings were taken by pulse oximetry during the first 15 minutes of life. Results: Totally 151 infants were analyzed. At 1 minute, the median (IQR) preductal SpO2 and HR were 61% (57-66) and 100 (90-107. 3) bpm, rising at 5, 10 and 15 minutes to 80% (75-84) and 155 (142-164) bpm, 90% (88-92) and 155 (150-160) bpm, 96% (94-98) and 155 (149-162) bpm respectively. Conclusions: Oxygen saturation levels of preterm infants in delivery room are lower than reported in NRP guidelines. Clinicians who use pulse oximetry in HR follow up of premature babies should know HR may be < 100 bpm in first minutes of life and should avoid unnecessary positive pressure ventilation.

Background Apnea is one of the most common problems in preterm neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on the reduction of apnea, bradycardia, and Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) in premature infants. Materials and Methods In a clinical trial study, 60 preterm neonates randomly divided in two groups and exposed to aromatherapy with Rosa damascenes distillate or distilled water beside the routine treatment. In experimental group, two drops of 10% Rosa damascenes distillate was dropped on the pad eye in second day of birth at 6 Am. The intervention was repeated in 9 AM, 12 Am, 15 PM and 18 PM hours. A same condition applied for control group and distilled water was dropped on the pad eye. The number of apnea attacks, bradycardia and decrease in SpO2 compared between two groups using chi-square test, independent t-test and repeated measure test. Results The overall apnea attacks, bradycardia, and SpO2 in tree studied days were lower in intervention group than control group (0. 47± 0. 13 vs. 2. 6± 0. 41, 0. 47± 0. 13 vs. 2. 56± 0. 41 and 0. 70± 0. 17 vs. 2. 77± 0. 21, respectively). In addition, the repeated measurement test showed that the mean number of apnea attacks, decrease in heart pulse rate, and decrease in SpO2 was statistically lower in intervention group with aromatherapy than controls in first, second, third and sum of three days (P< 0. 05). Conclusion Aromatherapy with Rosa damascenes distillate can reduce more and speedy the occurrence of apnea attacks, bradycardia and SpO2 in premature infants, along with other routine treatment.