Aims: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular carcinoma (FC) are two main variants of familial nonmodularly thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). TCO gene seems to be effective in this disease. This study was to investigate the effect of loss of heterozygosity of the TCO gene in Iranian families suffering from this disease.Materials & Methods: During the six-months cross sectional study, 10 families affected by familial nonmodularly thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) were selected from Milad hospital (56 subjects including 13 patients with pathologic confirmation and 43 healthy individual of their close families). The DNA content of samples was extracted based on the standard salting out/Proteinase K method. The LOH of the TCO gene was analyzed using 5 markers (D19S916, D19S413, D19S391, D19S568 and D19S865). Following the proliferation of the desired components using PCR, products’ polyacrylamide gel 8% electrophoresis was carried out for determining the genotype.Results: 5.4% of patients (n=3) suffered from the follicular carcinomas and 17.9% (n=10), from the papillary carcinomas. In all of them the LOH in TCO gene area was detected. The frequency of LOH positive cases for each marker was 10.7% (n=6) for D19S916, 12.5% (n=7) for D19S413, 41.1% (n=23) for D19S391, 1.8% (n=1) for D19S568 and 3.6% (n=2) for D19S865.Conclusion: 13.9% of FNMTC cases averagely have LOH in 19p13.2 chromosomal area and genetic loss is considerably more common in papillary carcinomas patients in comparison to follicular carcinomas patients. D19S413 marker is the most informative LOH in FNMTC individuals. The gene(s) located on the 19p13.2 may be associated with FNMTC.

Today, innovation is considered to be the main factor affecting the long-term growth of nations. This, in turn, justifies the vast amount of studies this issue. Regarding the aforementioned prominence, the present study aims at investigating different theories and pattern for innovation at the national level including: linear model, systemic approach and triple helix. University-Industry-Government (UIG) linkage and its transformation in Iran more deeply is reviewed. Then, the experiences of Iranian presidency Technology Cooperation Office (TCO) are investigated. Finally, policy implications from the studied cases are mentioned as the conclusion

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell is known for its high efficiency, low cost and high stability. In this paper, simulation of CdTe based solar cell (ZnO/ZnCdS/CdTe/NiO/Al) has been presented. ZnCdS, NiO and ZnO layers have been used as electron/hole transport layer (ETL/HTL) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, respectively. SCAPS-1D simulation software was used to evaluate the performance of the modelled multijunction CdTe solar cell. This software is capable of analyzing the efficiency with different parameters of cadmium telluride solar cell. The impact of thickness, carrier concentration, defect density of the CdTe, and ZnCdS/ CdTe interface defect density on the solar cell performance was also investigated. The optimized solar cell demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26. 3 % with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1. 095 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 27. 22 mA/cm2 and FF of 88. 14 % that shows huge promise in low-cost solar energy harvesting.

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films are deposited on glass substrate by sol– gel spin coating using zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor with different molar concentrations varying from 0. 35 to 0. 75 mol/L. To investigate the structural, electrical, optical and morphological properties of AZO films, XRD, four-point probes, HE measurement, UV– Vis spectrometry and SEM with EDX are used. Thickness of the thin film is measured by a surface profilometer. The structural characteristics show a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a (002)-preferred orientation. Optical study reveals that transmittance is very high (up to 90%) within the visible region and optical band gap, Eg varies from 3. 25 to 3. 29 eV with Zn concentration. The carrier concentration increases and resistivity decreases with the increase in Zn concentration. Thin films fabricated with 0. 75 mol/L of Zn concentration exhibit the best electrical property. SEM study shows non-uniform surface of the films where EDX confirms the formation of AZO. The results revealed by this study prompt a high interest to use AZO as transparent conductive oxide for advanced applications such as displays, solar cells and optoelectronic devices.

In this study, we prepared the binary-binary TCO compounds of SnO2-ZnO by the spray pyrolysis technique. We also investigated the role of MgF2/SiO2 antireflection coatings in reducing optical reflectance in the visible region of TCO. Before preparation, we simulated the optical transmition of the films for optimizing the layer thicknesses. The results of this study showed increasing of optical transmittance in the visible region of TCO by adding antireflection coating layers.

The researches carried out in recent years show that the total column ozone (TCO) could have significant diurnal variations caused by photochemical and synoptic factors. Using a ground-based Dobson ozone instrument and Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, this paper discusses the relationship between the daily total column ozone changes and the weather condition over Esfahan (32 37 N, 51 40 E) during 1997. To investigate the relationship between the daily TCO and synoptic conditions, 43 cases are discussed at which the daily ozone deviations are statistically significant. A relatively good agreement is found between the tropopause height and the daily TCO changes .In addition, the jet stream shift is shown to be a very important factor affecting the total column ozone in Esfahan, Iran. Weak or no relation was found between the daily TCO and other synoptic factors such as the type of fronts and daily surface pressure changes. The results can be employed qualitatively in a rough estimation of the daily TCO and the DV index forecast as well.

Background and aims: Intensity of Magnetic and Electric fields around visual display terminals and its association on health effects were studied.Methods: magnetic and electric fields intensities around 237 VDTs at distances 30¡50¡ 60 cm and different operating conditions (active¸ screen saver¸ shut down) with use of HI-3603 device according to Svensk standard method were monitored.Results: magnetic and electric fields Intensities at 30 cm were higher than standard and at 50 cm Monitors in all measurements were lower than standard (20mA/m MPRII, TCO) and (1V/m, TCO) Magnetic fields intensities of LCD monitors in rare side were higher than all other directions and rise versa intensities of magnetic fields of cathodic monitors were in front than other sides. Differences of magnetic and electric field’s intensities were not significant in various operating conditions (screen saver and active operation). Comparison of chronic syndrome of exhaustion in two groups of case and control, demonstrated higher of prevalence of symptoms such as shedding tears, eye irritation and fatigue in case rather than control group. Conclusion: at time of procurement of monitors TCO standard label should be noticed. During recess times, monitors should be turned off in order to reduce exposure to electric and magnetic fields.

Suppliers are a vital part to each organization which can have so many effects on organization performance. Because of such various effects, rechecking supplier selection methods comes to be necessary. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), is one of the new methods which prepares necessary information related to supplier selection and evaluation topic. This research aims to select and evaluate automotive parts suppliers using TCO concept. Here DEA approach based on TCO multiple criteria is used to evaluate suppliers’ performance. Information on automotive parts corporations based on strategic approach which is capable in decreasing Total cost of ownership to each company, is analyzed. In fact, DEA selected the most efficient suppliers owning the least total cost and presents some modus for inefficient suppliers in order to increase their efficiency to reach the efficiency frontier.

This paper addresses the mixed integer reliability redundancy allocation problems to determine simultaneous allocation of optimal reliability and redundancy level of components based on three objective goals. System engineering principles suggest that the best design is the design that maximizes the system operational effectiveness and at the same time minimizes the total cost of ownership (TCO). To evaluate the performance of the TCO allocation numerical experiments were conducted and compared with previous for the series system, the series-parallel system, the complex (bridge) system and the over speed protection system. From the results of the numerical investigation, reliability redundancy allocation based on minimum TCO will lead to a more reliable, economical design for the manufacturer as well as user compared with the initial cost optimum design and conventional reliability optimum design.

Solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface has a significant impact on human health, agricultural productivity, terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems, and air quality. The difficulties from shortage of experimental field data motivate the researchers to rely on other database such as satellites and reanalysis radiation data. In the present work, the integrated daily solar ultraviolet-visible radiation (total integral of ultraviolet-visible radiation from 200 to 440 nm) was extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis database during the historical period of 1979-2020. Moreover, Total Column Ozone (TCO), and the Percentage of Cloudiness (CF) were obtained from the same database. The study area was divided into eight clusters by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated that mean annual integrated UV-VIS 200-440 radiation of north and northwest of the country has experienced a positive trend during the last four decades, but no significant trend was detected for other parts of the country. The study of the TCO also showed that in all eight clusters, the TCO trend during 1979 to 2000 has experienced a significant decreasing trend, but has increased from 2001 onward. The linear regression equations between UV-VIS200-440 with TCO and CF were also constructed for all time scales (monthly, seasonal, annual) and the corresponding coefficients of correlation were calculated accordingly. The maximum annual correlation (r) was found between UV-VIS200-440 and the cloudiness (0.81). However, the highest r between UV-VIS200-440 and the TCO was 0.25. This result highlights that the variation in cloudiness plays more important role on determination of surface UV radiation than the changes in ozone concentration. This study did not investigated the influence of aerosol optical depth on UV radiation. This issue demands further investigation for evaluating the impact of aerosols on incoming surface UV radiation reaching the ground.