Critical rationalism faces difficulty in Karl Popper’s Socratic formulation: “I may be wrong, and you may be right, and by an effort, we may find THE truth.” But THE Socratic elenchus, using refutations, can only give us negative knowledge of general principles, which is not THE wisdom we seek. Affirmatively, we can only find a collection of opinions to be coherent, which is one of many. Francis Bacon proposed an improved elenchus to find general truths. You must take up a limited topic to study, THEn cross-examine your evidence for and against its apparent nature. Experiments contrary to evidence and presumed knowledge are entered as self-contradictions in tables of opposition recorded in an “experimental and natural history.” Such an account highlights a challenging puzzle if THE account is to be made coherent. With enough problematized evidence, a coherent reading, or a solution of THE puzzle, will be unique. Being both coherent and unique, it will be THE truth about that limited reality being investigated. Unlike THE method of hypoTHEsis (“Anticipating Nature”), deciphering a coherent model is “Interpreting Nature,” allowing us to find a general truth on a limited topic. Isaac Newton achieved great success using Robert Boyle’s mechanistic version of this method. Using THE “experimental philosophy,” he discovered general principles of optics and astronomy.

THE ETHICAL actions are important because of THE priority of THE mission goal and THEir close relationship with social progress and development. THErefore, THE purpose of this research is THE identification and social analysis of THEse types of actions among THE verses of revelation and it deals with THE effect of ETHICAL actions in THE production of social capital in THE process of progress based on religious teachings and answers THEse questions based on THE Quranic teachings. What impact do ETHICAL actions (behavior) have on THE formation of social progress? How do moral actions generate social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are THE effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in THE development of social interactions have been socially studied, analyzed and searched by using THE inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving oTHErs, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togeTHErness, coherence and expansion of social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes THE production of social capital and its improvement and will lead to THE density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

یکی از پرسش های بسیار اساسی درباره شهود گروی اخلاقی مور این است که گسترده و دامنه شهود گروی اخلاقی وی تا کجاست. آیا شهود گروی اخلاقی وی صرفا ناظر به مفاهیم اخلاقی ارزشی و احکام یا قضایای اخلاقی مشتمل بر آنهاست یا اینکه به مفاهیم اخلاقی ناظر به الزام  و تکلیف و احکام یا قضایای اخلاقی مشتمل بر این مفاهیم نیز مربوط می شود؟ در این مقاله خواهیم کوشید تا با روشی تحلیلی–انتقادی نشان دهیم که بر خلاف رای برخی مفسران/ منتقدان مور، گسترده و دامنه شهود گروی اخلاقی وی هرگز مفاهیم اخلاقی ناظر به الزام و تکلیف و احکام یا قضایای اخلاقی مشتمل بر این مفاهیم را در بر نمی گیرد، بلکه صرفا به مفاهیم اخلاقی ارزشی و احکام یا قضایای اخلاقی مشتمل بر آنها محدود می شود. در عین حال، نشان خواهیم داد که از میان مفاهیم اخلاقی ارزشی و احکام یا قضایای اخلاقی مشتمل بر آنها نیز فقط و فقط مفهوم وصفی «خوب» مشمول شهود گروی اخلاقی مورند.

THE addition of THE infinitive to THE subject or object is one of THE syntactic structures in which accuracy plays an important role in THE correct understanding THE meaning of THE verses of THE Holy Quran. Sometimes THEre is disagreement among THE scholars who interpret THE Holy Book of Quran in determining wheTHEr THE infinitive is added to THE subject or to THE object. Translators have sometimes provided an inadequate translation. This article has tried to discover ways to resolve THE difference in determining THE qualificative role of genitive case and also to provide an expressive translation of this structure by using a descriptive-analytical-critical method and by examining a number of infinitives added to THE subject or object in THE Holy Quran. THE solutions to resolve THE dispute are as follows: Paying attention to how THE sentences relate to each oTHEr, paying attention to THE citation of THE subject in THE verse, paying attention to THE reason for using rhetorical devices in THE verse, paying attention to THE interpretive context (THE context of THE discussed verse, THE guiding purpose of THE Surah), paying attention to THE verses and narrations of THE same subject of THE verse and paying attention to THE requirements of servant politeness. THE use of THEse solutions in order to provide a correct and expressive translation of THE infinitive structure added to THE subject or THE object is necessary: THE use of verb in THE translation of THE infinitive, THE use of an appropriate word for translation of THE pronoun, THE use of an appropriate word in addition to THE accompanying added infinitive, THE use of THE explanations in parenTHEses, THE avoidance of compression writing and THE avoidance of literal translation.

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.