Due to secondary metabolites, such as thymol and carvacrol, presence in Thymus and Zataria plants, they are widely used in medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the quantity and quality of the active ingredient of three genotypes of Zataria multiflora, one genotype of Thymus daenensis and Thymus armeniacus under uniform environmental conditions during 2016 at Shahrekord University. In this regard, at 50% flowering stage, each genotype was harvested from two-year-old plants and at a distance of five centimeters soil surface. The analysis of secondary metabolites was done using Headspace Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry method. The results showed that most of the identified compounds were in the form of monoterpenoid compounds. The mean of thymol and carvacrol in the three genotypes of the species Z. multiflora was higher than the Thymus species. Alpha-pinene and β-pinene materials were observed in three genotypes of Z. multiflora, and alpha-trypinol, linalool and trypinolen in Z. multiflora were comparatively more than two species of Thymus. In contrast, some compounds such as beta-bisabolin, alpha-terpinen and para-cymene, were only presented in Thymus species and were not seen in three genotypes of the Z. multiflora.

Common THYME (Thymus vulgaris L.)is a member of the lamiaceae family which distributes in different areas of Mediteranea and Asia and is cultivated in all over the world and Iran. Common THYME contains 0.8 - 2.6% (usually ca. 1%) volatile oil consisting of highly variable amounts of phenols, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and alcohols. Thymol is normally the major phenolic component in common THYME. The leaves of thymus vulgaris are used as a herb in food preparations, while the essential oil extracted from the leaves is used in beverages and the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. THYME oil is used as antispasmodic, carminative, antiseptic, anthelmintic, expectorant, antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi), antirheumatic, antioxidative, natural food preservative and mammalian age delaying. THYME volatile oil has been reported to be among the top ten essential oils which have an important place in an expanding world market.

For evaluation and comparing effect of THYME, cinnamon and mixing of THYME plus cinnamon on growth indices, and lipid profile and abdominal fat, 180 broiler chicks divided into 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0. 5 percent THYME, cinnamon and THYME plus cinnamon on diet, continuously. Control chickens received no supplement on diet. The growth indices were recorded at end of each week. On 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered. The serum samples were prepared and abdominal fats were weighted. The abdominal fat to weight gain as percent were determined. The serum samples were prepared for assaying of triglycerid, total cholestrol, LDL, HDL and VLDL. Results showed that chickens received 0. 5 percent THYME and THYME plus cinnamon have higher weight gain and lower feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) significantly compared with control group and chickens received cinnamon. Furthermore, administration of 0. 5 percent THYME and THYME plus cinnamon can reduce abdominal fat percentage, triglycerid, total cholestrol, LDL and VLDL, and increase HDL, significantly. According to the results of this study, continuous consumpsion of 0. 5 percent of THYME and THYME plus cinnamon can improve growth indices and fat percentage in broiler chikens.

The use of plants, especially medicinal plants, for treating diseases and controlling pests biologically has increased significantly in recent years. Wild Mountain THYME is one of these plants widely used in Iran, especially Khoy, Iran. Concerning the importance of this plant in the traditional medicine of the region and the need for controlling grain pests, we decided to study the plant’s chemical compounds, the antibacterial effects of its essential oil, and its repelling and lethality effect. Wild Mountain THYME was collected from the southeast of Khoy in the spring and identified in the Institute of Forests and Pastures. The plant’s essential oil was extracted by distillation with water using a Clevenger machine. The resulting oil had a yellow color and a pungent smell, and its percentage was 1.64% compared to the dry weight of the plant. A total of 37 chemical compound was identified and isolated using a gas-mass chromatography device, the main of which was carvacrol (36.8%), thymol (36.8%), gamma-terpinene (10.6%), and paracymene (8.5%). The microbial test of the essential oil of the Thymus Fedtschenkoi plant was performed on three Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. anthracis) and three Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Sa. paratyphi, and E. coli). Thymus Fedtschenkoi plant essential oil was effective on all Gram- and Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, plant essential oil’s repellent and lethal effect on rice weevil were evaluated in three repetitions with different concentrations. The highest removal rate was at the highest concentration of 25 µl and 72 hours. The lethal effect of the plant on the weevil was at a maximum concentration of 20 µl and duration of 72 hours. LC50 and LC90 of essential plant oil were calculated and determined based on probit analysis software. Based on the results, the plant essential oil can have a good effect in controlling the rice weevil pest both in the field and warehouse0.