Typological classification is historically the first manifestation of TYPOLOGY in modern linguistics, starting with the morphological classification of language in the nineteenth century. Morphological TYPOLOGY usually recognizes three canonical types of language: isolating, agglutinating, and fusional, to which is sometimes added a fourth: polysynthetic. The majority of the worlds languages do not correspond to these types. In fact, the traditional morphological TYPOLOGY involves a language as a whole, not a particular construction. It could just as easily be applied to different parts of the linguistic system. For instance, the nominal system of a language may be agglutinative while the verbal system is fusional.

This paper describes a study designed to investigate the constituent order TYPOLOGY. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent of constituent order. Constituent order TYPOLOGY has played a major role in the development of language TYPOLOGY. A problem in assigning basic constituent order is where the language has different basic constituent orders in different constructions. The major idea in this area is the assumption of the two canonical constituent order types, operator-operand (adjunct-head) and operand-operator (head-adjunct). If a language does not adhere to one of these two types, then change will be initiated to bring it into conformity with one or the other.

This paper describes a study designed to investigate the constituent order TYPOLOGY. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent of constituent order. Constituent order TYPOLOGY has played a major role in the development of language TYPOLOGY. A problem in assigning basic constituent order is where the language has different basic constituent orders in different constructions. The major idea in this area is the assumption of the two canonical constituent order types, operator-operand (adjunct-head) and operand-operator (head-adjunct). If a language does not adhere to one of these two types, then change will be initiated to bring it into conformity with one or the other.

In this paper the TYPOLOGY of war narratives is done by using Michael Foucault's theoretical framework of archaeology and borrowing his concepts in exposing the limits of knowledge and emphasizing on the possibility of different ways of thinking to achieve a new knowledge in order to focus on four matters:1. To explain the present situation of war narratives by referring to what has passed in war narratives since the war.2. To bring a cut in the improvisation of these narratives by historical research on the present situation of war narratives in practical and mental habits of its targeted people.3. To bring about the mental possibility -as an introductory to a practical possibility- of some other different narratives of war by using this cut.4. To persuade the minds to think differently on war by the help of war narratives in this way.

In the several last decades, structural approaches of the study of narrative had a great affect on narration and folklore. The first research in the field is a prop's, the morphology of the folktale" generalized and completed by some rhetoricians including Todorove, which analyzes the narratives into bits and studies the relations of them in categories of theme and space order. This study, based upon the Todorve's view, deals with the TYPOLOGY of narrative in Sandbadname, an Iranian narrative, so that places it in the row of mythological narratives as Hezaroyekshab (one thousand and one night), an Iranian legend and Decomeron a European one, mentioning some traits of it and comparing them with the specifies of mythological narratives.

The concept of followership requires the existance of leadership. In another word, these two are correlative. First the subject of followership is new to management literature; second in academic circles of the country it has not received mutch attention. kelly (1988); chalf (1955) were among first who introduced the debates of followership independent of leadership and claimed that leadership can no longer be studied without followers or by giving very little role to them. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study and understand and compare followership models in management fields and organization leadership. More precisely the purpose of this article is to study the dimensions and charactristics of followership in related theories and furthermore to reach to an optimised model and introduced it to organizations managers and leaders and management researchers. In our country little attention is given to followership in management and leadership literatures. The question of this research is whether the same condition prevails elsewhere or not. The results of general review of researcher, on the subject of followership indicated that since past decades till now many researchers have dealt with this subject. Today attention given to followership is not less than leadership. This article has applied paradigm outlook to review theories related to followership and finally by introducing a model of followership; it was analyzed and compared.

TYPOLOGY or division and distinction of different types of social phenomena in the light of their common features and distinctive characteristics would lead to a better understanding and more precise study of affairs and social realities. This approach reduces perceptual disorderliness and confusion and provides one with the ability of distinguishing the social phenomena from each other which otherwise prima facie seem indistinguishable from one other. The main objective of the present paper is to shed light on the phenomenon of new spiritualism and its followers. To avoid mixing it up with similar phenomena such as new religious movements, a new theoretical TYPOLOGY is offered through studying the existing typologies, definitions of new spiritualism and other theoretical studies. The new TYPOLOGY not only removes the shortcomings of the existing typologies, but also will be ensued by an ability to abstract through highlighting the distinctions. The results led to extraction of 15 types of new spiritualists on the basis of five tendency reasons (illumination, spiritual-psychological pacification, gaining success, entertainment, and healing physical problems) classified in three tendency forms (audience, customer, and member of movement/community).

Revolution theoreticians have declared contending and approximately incompatible theories, caused in bewilderment among concerned field enthusiasts. As a result, some have intended to categorize these theories till reduce bewilderment, and make them easier to study. One of these theoreticians is Jack Goldstone who at first categorized theories of revolution into three generations. But after the beginning of 1990s, he suggests, we are transferring into fourth generation of revolution theories that considering the defects of first three revolution theories in explaining revolutions and has more generality in comparison with previous generations, so can be used as complementary beside three previous generations.

With temporary observation to historical, literatural and artical features, we found the meaning and role of bird has important position in Iranian society and its thinking. The role of birds has been highlighted in Iranian legend and story. With regards to this extended presence of birds, there is no complete survey in this field and also no attention to picture and birds drawing.In this research, the position of birds and recognization of its drawing, especially peacock has been surveyed. In literature and historical life of Iranian with different reasons and points of view from every phenomenon and important subject in symbolic way, choose substutive sign and with using it in text, picture and social life has built their cultural world. The goal of research is discovering and extracting these signs in cosmology and Iranian and other people thought. Artistic activities require to be attached with thought and history and culture. Iranian artist is supposed to study his cultural history with this kind of thought as a valuable treasure and import its concepts in profit of now and future in his art works.The importance of this research comes from these characterizes. Considering the research goals that is gathering and analysis of signs and bird symbols in Iranian legends and literature, the method of gathering information in this research is through studying documents and evidences in libraries and review of signs and symbols of legendry birds with librarical method and the review has been done from various valid resources and this method is a historical, Descriptive and analytic kind.

Introduction: Prostitution means any sexual activities for money. Prostitutes may be male, female, or bisexual. The boundaries of sex work are vague. Sex work can be considered to range from erotic shows without a relationship with a client to unprotected and risky sex activities with many clients. Prostitutes all over the world are classified and categorized in different ways based on their different characteristics. This classification helps to better understand the status of prostitutes in societies. The classified description and knowledge provides the basis for explaining the phenomenon and then predicting its future developments and controlling. This research sought to answer the question of what the patterns of prostitution in Mashhad City were. Materials & Methods This research was carried out with the aim of discovering, identifying, and accurately describing the patterns of prostitution in Mashhad. It was done with a qualitative method through Weber's ideal sample approach to TYPOLOGY and typification of prostitution. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with prostitutes to analyze their lives. Through the similarities and differences of some components, we tried to show the different types of prostitution. The studied population included all the prostitutes of Mashhad City. Based on the principles governing the sampling method in a qualitative research, a number of them were selected and interviewed in a purposeful way with the greatest difference. The interview process continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 27 people were interviewed. The interviews were conducted in the welfare quarantine centers and health centers during 2020-2021. The interviews were conducted in a separate room without the presence of any officials or cameras and away from the crowd. Each interview took 2 to 4 hours. The interviews started with the participants’ narratives of their childhoods and families and continued until reaching the stage of becoming a prostitute. Several key questions were asked to identify the different types to satisfy the purpose of the study. The participants’ ages were between 14 and 49 years. Most of them had a diploma or were at lower educational levels and only two of them had bachelor's and master's degrees. Almost half of them were addicted to drugs. Most of the participants were divorced, but nearly a quarter of them were single. Discussion of results & conclusion In this research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 female prostitutes. During the interview process, attention was paid to some aspects of prostitution, such as the existence of financial and personal securities, stability of relationships with clients, number of clients, having a sense of pleasure during sex, having an emotional relationship, using contraceptives, performing tests regularly, having a sense of job satisfaction, having the right to choose clients, beauty practices, and ability to choose the desired type of sex. Previous investigations performed in various studies have referred to prostitution as a general concept and no attention has been paid to the various models that exist in this profession. According to the knowledge gained in this field, identification of the TYPOLOGY of prostitutes can better clarify the phenomenon due to the existence of different influential factors ways of continuation in each pattern of prostitution. Finally, based on these variables, there were 9 models of displaced, hangout, street, concubine, aunt-dependent, independent, single, network, and sugar prostitutions. Hangout, street independent, and aunt-dependent prostitutions have been the common models previously identified in previous studies. However, today, we can see newer models of prostitution called homeless, concubine, single, and sugar prostitutions, which are not mentioned in domestic research.