Background & Objectives: Nowadays, attention to natural products with therapeutic potential has been increased. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Thymol on the animal model of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials & Methods: RA was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the footpad of Wistar rats. Then, rats were allocated in 3 groups: treated with Thymol (100 mg/kg-orally), treated with Prednisolone (100 mg/kg-orally) and un-treated group. All treatments were initiated at the 5th day after induction. The change in the dorso-plantar diameter of hands and legs of each rat were recorded every other day until 23 days after induction. Results: The edema and swelling of the soles of the feet of RA rats that received Thymol or prednisolone, were significantly decreased in a similar manner compared to RA rat without treatment. The serum levels of nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase correlated with the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 production were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared to control group rats. The level of decrease in the level of serum nitric oxide was higher in the Thymol group compared to the prednisolone-induced group. Conversely, prednisone caused more decrease in the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 cytokines compared to RA rats that received Thymol. Conclusion: Thymol may be considered as a useful strategy to control RA disease.

Carum copticum is as an herbal medicine from the family Apiaceae with compounds such as Thymol, cement, alpha-pinene, gametropin, betapinene, micron, and carvacrol in the treatment of angina, kidney stones, asthma, rheumatism, influenza that used as a strong disinfectant and boost digestion. In this study, expression of beta-amyrin acid synthase (beta-Amirinsanthase) under different treatments of silver nanoparticles (0, 30, 60, 90 ppm), chitosan (0, 100, 150, 200 ppm) and populations (Sistan and Pakistan) was investigated. Solubility was carried out in the quaternary stage at 48 hours and 72 hours. The results of analysis of variance showed that the application of chitosan eclipses and silver nanoparticles caused a change in the beta-amyrein gene expression pattern. The highest expression, 48 hours after treatment, was observed with just about 150 ppm of chitosan. By increasing chitosan concentration, a significant decrease occurred in the expression of the gene for 72 hours while treatment with 90 ppm of silver nanoparticles in 48 hour after treatment has the most gene expression. In the effects of chitosan (150ppm) and silver nanoparticles (90ppm) based on 48 hours after treatment was observed the most gene expression for both populations. Overall, the results of this study showed that chitosan and silver nanoparticle elicitors had a positive effect on beta-amyrein gene expression, but the highest expression was obtained in Pakistan population at 48 hours intervals.

Essential oils consist of many chemical compounds with different structures and functional properties, which might be employed as an ingredient in many foods, drug formulations, and products. In this research, leaves and aerial part of cultivated Thymus vulgaris L. was isolated by hydrodistillation. The chemical compositions of the essential oil were identified by the application of GC/MS. Then Thymol, as the main ingredient, was purified by hot water or microwave methods. Subsequently, the yield and degree of purity of extracted Thymol were determined. The results indicated the extraction efficiency of leaves essential oil (1.16 %) was more than aerial parts (0.62 %) and Thymol the main ingredient in both essential oils includes 59.47 and 53.63 %, respectively. The highest yield of Thymol extracted (91.27 %) was obtained from leaves with a purity of 95.27% by microwave extraction method. Extracted Thymol might be recommended for use in formulation of the food and drug supplements due to numerous functional and pharmacological activities.