1. Introduction The discourse in the interrogation process is one of the most interesting and valuable areas of language research. What creates the discourse of an interrogation is the sequence of questions and answers among the participants in an interrogation interaction. The interrogator, including the police, the interrogator, the judge, etc., uses the Q&A strategy to control the conversation and interact with respondents, including witnesses, defendants, informants, etc. This study sought to answer the following questions: 1. How many questions can be used in the interrogation process? What is the degree of control and the pragmatic role of each question? Among the studies on the use of language in the judicial system, it seems that the discourse of interrogation and verbal interaction in this area has not been seriously discussed, and in this respect, the present study may provide insights into the interrogation process and the participants in the interaction which has not been investigated so far. . .

Background: Opioid Usage has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study is to assess post-operative opioid, sedative, and benzodiazepine Usage in a Medicare population. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing elbow, wrist, and hand surgery by hand surgeons at one academic outpatient surgical center were prospectively enrolled. Patients were excluded if they were minors or if they underwent more than one surgical procedure during the study period. There were 269 patients enrolled, and this group was divided by insurance type into younger commercial insurance (CI) and older Medicare (MC) groups. The Pennsylvania Physician Drug Monitoring Program website was used to document all prescriptions of controlled substances filled six months prior to and after the surgical procedure. Results: The mean age in the CI group was 45. 8 years (range: 16-88) and 69. 2 years (range: 43-91) in the MC group. Postoperatively, the CI patients filled significantly less opioid prescriptions than the MC group, 1. 10 vs. 1. 79. Patients in the CI group were given an average of 0. 3 benzodiazepine prescriptions before surgery and 0. 2 after surgery. Patients in the MC group were given 0. 6 prescriptions before and 0. 5 prescriptions of benzodiazepines after surgery. The CI group was given an average of 0. 1 sedative/hypnotic prescriptions before surgery and 0. 1 after surgery. The MC group was given 0. 7 prescriptions before and 0. 4 prescriptions of sedative/hypnotics after surgery. There were 0. 17 prescriptions per patient in the CI group and 0. 75 per patient in the MC group (P <. 05). Twenty-two of 208 (10. 6%) of CI and 16/61 (26. 2%) of MC patients filled a prescription between 3-8 months post-operatively. Conclusion: Prolonged use of opioid, benzodiazepine and sedative medications is common after upper extremity surgical procedures. Older patients are also at risk, and may be even more likely than younger patients to use these medications post-operatively.