Aims and Background: Nowadays, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became powerful therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Due to showing minimum immunogenic reaction and their properties, human mAbs are important. The purpose of this study was to construct an immune antibody library from a vaccinated donor against tetanus toxin.Materials and Methods: A whole blood sample was taken from the donor who was vaccinated against tetanus toxoid. PBMC were isolated by using ficol. After RNA extraction, all variation of VH and VL regions by RT-PCR reactions were amplified and linked as a ScFv antibody. The amplicons were inserted in T-VECTOR and transformed to E. coli DH5α strain, followed by an ELISA test. Plasmids were also extracted and sequenced.Results: cDNA quality was confirmed by using HPRT primers. To confirm PCR, insertion and transformation, gel electrophoresis and restriction enzymes digestion were applied. Positive clones were selected based on growth on LB agar which is the blue/white selection method. After plasmid extraction and DNA sequencing, the sequences were aligned using igBLAST at NCBI. The result was shown to have admissible similarity among antibody gene library nucleotide sequences and the antibody genes were deposited in this database. ELISA confirmed this data too.Conclusion: In this study, the immune human antibody library was constructed and confirmed using DNA sequencing and sequences alignment in NCBI database. ELISA test confirms antibody specifically. The next step is to screen the library to find an antibody specifically for tetanus toxin.

In this paper, some properties of  pseudoinvex functions, defined by means of  limiting subdifferential, are discussed. Furthermore, the Minty VECTOR variational-like inequality,  the Stampacchia VECTOR variational-like inequality, and the  weak formulations of these two inequalities  defined by means of limiting subdifferential are studied. Moreover, some relationships  between the VECTOR variational-like inequalities and VECTOR optimization problems are established.

We call a local VECTOR lattice any VECTOR lattice with a distinguished positive strong unit and having exactly one maximal ideal (its radical). We provide a short study of local VECTOR lattices. In this regards, some characterizations of local VECTOR lattices are given. For instance, we prove that a VECTOR lattice with a distinguished strong unit is local if and only if it is clean with non no-trivial components. Nevertheless, our main purpose is to prove, via what we call the radical functor, that the category of all VECTOR lattices and lattice homomorphisms is equivalent to the category of local VECTORs lattices and unital (i. e., unit preserving) lattice homomorphisms.

In this article, we examine a nonsmooth VECTOR optimization problem with locally Lipschitz approximately convex mappings in terms of the convexificator and provide some ideas for approximate effective solutions. Additionally, we define the relationship between the convexificator-based solutions of Stampacchia type VECTOR variational inequalities ($VVI$) and the approximate efficient approximation convex function of nonsmooth VECTOR optimization problems using the locally Lipschitz function. Furthermore, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the veracity of our findings.

b-Thalassemia is a congenital disorder caused by mutation in b-globin gene. The current therapies to treat b-thalassemia have many complications and limitations necessitating development of new curative methods. Recently, a great attention has been paid to gene therapy of b-thalassemia using lentiviral VECTORs. Although insertion of transgene into these VECTORs direct regulated expression of b-globin at therapeutic levels, lentiviruses unfavorably are integrated into the host-cell chromosomes. Conse-quently there is a key challenge for clinical application of lentiviral VECTORs in treat-ment of b-thalassemia. In order to overcome this problem, we have presented a novel hypothesis based on homologous recombination technology including a single negative double positive selection strategy for b-globin gene targeting. Because of no effect on other regions of the host genome, gene targeting with integrase minus lentiviral VECTORs seems an appropriate and safe method to correct genetic defects like b-thalassemia.