There are various traditions and rational arguments according to which marrying a married woman or a woman in Iddah is not permissible whether temporarily or permanently. Marrying a married woman or a woman in Iddah can be classified into different groups on the basis of being or not being aware of it and the type of verdict. The verdict for this type of marriage, in case the man knew that the woman was previously married, is permanent unlawfulness [hormat], and in case he did not knew and did not have intercourse with her the marriage is invalid. If the man is aware of the woman's previous marriage, their child will be considered as the child of adultery [walad al-zena]; if the man is not aware, the child will be considered as the one with doubtful origin. This paper studies arguments for the prohibition of such marriage and verdicts for various types of such marriage on the basis of religious arguments and the existing laws. The paper also suggests amendments for three related clauses in civil law and two clauses in Islamic penal law in order to remove ambiguities.

The comparative literature is one of the literature branches which enables us to perceive the similarities between intelligentsia and literati despite of the time and place differences among cultures and nations. Thus we were persuaded to compare Khaqani Shirvani – Iranian poet – and John Donne – English poet – from two different countries with two different cultures. Some similarities could be observed in their looks to women despite of the time and place distances. The present article tries to survey two remarkable panegyrics on the ideal woman by allusions to some of their poems. The commonalities in their views have formed the basis of the present article.

In the genesis of humanity, God imparted the knowledge of names to mankind, designating them as successors on earth, a shared responsibility for both men and women. The establishment of the family institution by early societal figures marked the genesis of societal construction and management involving both genders. The presence of women alongside men is deemed essential in social life, contrary to historical perceptions portraying women as emotionally-driven and relegating them to the private sphere, perpetuating a civilization lacking maternal nurturing. Through an ontological exploration of the narratives of Virgin Mary and the Queen of Sheba in the Holy Quran, this essay advocates for the harmonious synergy between female and male rationalities in civilization-building endeavors. This cooperation aims to provide a conducive environment for the advancement of female-driven rationality in governing human societies, characterized by attributes such as fostering life, growth, protection, care, security, spirituality, and peace.

Proverbs are part of the oral literature said and heard in each language and culture, but their subjects differ from society to society. They show the interests and disgusts of every society and in fact they are the reflection of the culture of each society, as well. Characteristics of proverbs include anonymous author, oral transmission from generation to generation, and unknown origin. Since the formation of a proverb has no logical or scientific base, whatever the members of a society distance themselves from traditional and irrational behavior towards rational manner, then the use of proverb is reduced and in approving or rejecting a case individuals use proverb less, as logical reasoning helps them more. Some of these proverbs has gender base. The aim of this article is to determine the amount of the use of gender proverbs among people in Tehran. The methodology is based on survey research method. Statistical population is people in Tehran and the measurement tool is researcher-made questionnaire. Gender proverbs were set among common proverbs and 71 people including men and women in Tehran had filled the questionnaires. One of the most important findings of this project is that the amount of the use of gender proverbs among men is 0. 93 and among women is 0. 74 in the 0-4 scale in this statistical population.

Insulinoma is the most prevalent kind of tumor in pancreas island. This tumor with exessive secretion of insulin, causes severe symptoms and sometimes even fatal hypoglycemia. The definite treatment is only possible through resection of the tumor part.A 58 old woman was brought to the hospital having symptoms of malaise, sweat, loss of consciousness and convulsion. She was immediately undergone treatment by injecting glucose. At initial phase of her treatment. Her blood sugar was 25 mg/dl (before glucose injection).She was hospitalized and after diagnostic steps she underwent a laparotomy surgical operation through which a tiny, one centimeter tumor was taken out of the body of pancreas. Finaly she was discharged having regained her normal condition and blood sugar.

In patriarchal system, wickedness and blight have overfilled the whole body of a woman. Classical literary Persian texts like the literature of most nations is ample with disdainful look at the woman. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi which illustrates the presence of women on the battlefields and in the banquet circles, more than other literary texts, may have concordance with other texts. Based on this theory and regarding the characteristics and traits which are attributed to the women in the Shahnameh, we have tried, in this article, to study the women's stance from Ferdowsi's view point. This library and predicative study shows that although Ferdowsi, in many lines of his poetry talked unfavorably about the women, his main purpose was their character rather than their sexuality. Whenever he reprimands the women, he reproaches a specific woman regardless of sex. Anyhow, the dominance of thought atmosphere is vividly seen in the Shahnameh.

This article explains the issue of woman in two fields of social and romance. In social case, Motran defends the rights of woman and considers her as a human with its rights and one of the two major factors in the society. Woman is a basic and essential party in building the social and even political body of the society, at Motran's point of view. The woman in his explanation, encourages the man for the revolution against the cruel governments or enters the politics to defend the oppressed's rights. In Romantic explanation of the woman, Motran doesn't introduce the woman as a carnal object and respects her with eminent human characters. In Motran's romantic poems, woman is enormous in sensations and fellow feelings. In explaining the subject of woman, his genre is romanticism that proposes the highest emotions and senses of the poet. Sometimes he uses the story poems to imply the romance. He uses this method even to explain the social and political subject to increase the influence.

Study of a country’s social, political, cultural and religious conditions isn’t discriminated from its literature. Poets have illustrated the wars as well as the historians did and re-narrated religious beliefs which have originated from the culture of the society in literary forms. Our literatures are plenteous of magnitude samples that represent the woman value and introduce the glorified schema of the woman on every here and there. The established article tried to recite the Iranian cultural attitude concerning the woman and her rights, presence and status in Iranian society culture via quoting numerous Iranian today poetic works.