ZINCfinger CCCH (C3HZNF) genes encode proteins with three cysteines and one histidine. The proteins of this family are an important group of ZINC finger transcription factors that are effective in various activities such as plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses and actually They are effective in stresses tolarance. In this article, C3HZNF protein data of Arabidopsis and rice plants were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships, exon/intron structure, motifs/domains organization. These studies showed the high homology of these genes with CCCH genes in rice. Analysis of the gene structure showed that AtC3Hs have a variable number of exons, but in general, genes with 1 and 7 exons contain the largest number. study the physical and chemical properties of this family showed that AtC3H36 is the most stable protein among the members of this family, and the highest isoelectric point belongs to the AtC3H7(9.96) protein. The observations showed that the members of this gene family have 1 to 6 Znf C3H domains and a total of 17 functional domains. Phylogeny comparison between C3H proteins in rice and Arabidopsis showed that these proteins are highly conserved. In the comparative phylogenetic analysis of AtC3H and OsC3H, the orthologous genes were placed in one group. For example, OsC3H8 showed close homology to HUA1 in Arabidopsis (AtC3H37), suggesting that this gene is involved in flower development. This study provides valuable information about the important CCCH ZINC finger gene family in Arabidopsis and rice. This information can be helpful in understanding how these genes work to help plant tolarance when faced with biotic and abiotic stresses.

Aims Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy failure before the 20th week of gestation affecting approximately 1 in 300 pregnant women. The element, ZINC, is involved in both the embryonic development and the function of the mother’ s immune system, so its deficiency may affect the normal process of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum ZINC levels in patients with RSA. Materials & Methods This study was conducted on patients with RSA who referred to Sarem women’ s hospital (Tehran, Iran). The sera samples were obtained from 243 non-pregnant women with at least three RSA and 73 non-pregnant women as a control and then were stored at-20° C. ZINC concentrations were measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry system. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Mann-Whitney U test. Findings Serum ZINC level in women with a history of RSA was 68. 13± 11. 43 μ g/dl, which was significantly lower than those in normal controls with mean ZINC concentration of 82. 90± 12. 36 μ g/dl (p<0. 05). Conclusion The level of ZINC in the serum of women with RSA is lower than that of healthy women. ZINC deficiency may be one of the factors that contribute to miscarriage.

Background: Decrease in Heme Oxygenase-1 gene expression is associated with fewer amounts of reoccurrence and better final response to treatment in some cancers. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ZINC Protoporphyrin (Znpp), as Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, and radiotherapy on melanoma cells in mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 24 mice were randomly divided to 4 groups. On the first day of the study, melanoma cells were injected and the mice were treated for 16 days. First and second groups received 2000 mg/kg of Znpp every other day. Third and forth groups were injected diluted liquid of Znpp. The first and third groups received 12 gray of radiotherapy on 8th day. The mice were examined each day for any palpable tumors and size was measured. The tumors were extracted on the 16th day. The effect of HO-1 on growth of cancer cells was studied using mitotic index and the size of tumors were measured on 8th and 16th days.Findings: Size of tumor and mitotic index in mice treated with Znpp and radiotherapy was significantly smaller than in control groups (P<0.05). Size of tumor in mice treated by radiotherapy and Znpp was less than group only treated with radiotherapy (P<0.05).Conclusion: The HO-1 inhibitor with radiotherapy may have therapeutic effects and it may be more effective in reducing the tumor’s growth than using radiotherapy alone.

Background and Objective: Management of deep caries and pulp exposures depends on the severity of the disease. The rapid development of preventive materials and techniques has significantly influenced restorative treatment methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to produce and evaluate a type of bioactive glass containing Zn (Zn-BAG= ZINC-doped Bioglass) and to investigate its performance on the pulp and the formation of dental bridges following direct pulp capping in comparison to the standard gold material MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate). Methods: The conventional sol-gel method synthesized bioglass 45S5 with 2%mol ZINC. In this experimental animal study, 10 maxillary first molars of 10 Wistar rats were subjected to direct pulp capping and divided into two groups of five according to the materials used: group 1 (DPC [Direct pulp cap] + MTA) and group 2 (DPC + Zn-BAG). After 8 weeks of direct pulp capping, the rats were sacrificed, and teeth were sectioned and prepared for histological analysis. The degree of inflammatory pulpal response (no inflammation, mild inflammation, moderate inflammation, severe inflammation, necrosis), location of a dentin bridge (at the site of pulp exposure, not adjacent to the site of exposure, and combination), percentage of dentin bridge formation (%) (25%>, 25%-50%, 50%-75%), and the quality of dentin bridge formation (without tubules, irregular tubular pattern, regular tubular pattern) were analyzed and scored. Findings: In the electron microscope view, Zn-BAG particles exhibited a plate-like shape with less than 100 nm particle size. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of ZINC in the Bioglass structure. There was no significant difference between the type of pulp capping agent and the degree of inflammatory pulpal response, location of a dentin bridge, percentage of dentin bridge formation, and the quality of dentin bridge formation. Conclusion: Zn-BAG and MTA pulp capping materials showed similar desirable cellular and inflammatory responses over pulpal exposure. Zn-BAG is a promising candidate for pulp capping material.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of ZINC oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, ZINC oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and ZINC. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

IntroductionSoil and water salinity has significantly reduced crop yields and threatened human food security worldwide. Understanding the molecular basis of how crop plants receive and respond to salinity and identifying the main components of their stress tolerance are essential for developing tolerant plants through genetic manipulation. Today, functional genomics methods such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have revolutionised the study of plant stress response and facilitated the identification of important pathways and components governing stress tolerance. For example, the production and analysis of EST sequences, RNA microarray, and RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq) have made it possible to study and identify gene transcripts in genome-wide stress response networks. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyse the transcript of forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.) under salinity stress, determine the functional orientation of the genome, and identify the important components and genes involved in salinity tolerance.Materials and methodsTwo Expressed Sequenced Tags (ESTs) libraries of forage turnip under non-stress and salinity stress conditions were analysed using bioinformatic and statistical methods. Non-stress and salinity stress libraries had 8408 and 6894 sequences, respectively. After sequences trimming, the genome functional orientation of forage turnip in response to salinity stress was determined based on Fisher's exact test using the DAVID tool. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assigned using the Audio and Claverie statistical test (AC test) implemented in the IDEG6 tool, at a significance level of 5%. Based on Fisher's exact test, a hierarchical gene network among DEGs was predicted. Then, gene network topology analysis was performed using the NetworkAnalyzer plugin in Cytoscape 4.3. One gene was identified as an important gene (Hub gene) based on gene network topology analysis. In a greenhouse experiment using a tolerant genotype and a susceptible genotype of forage turnip, the expression profile of the identified important gene along with some traits related to the plant antioxidant system, including anthocyanin content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and malondialdehyde content, were evaluated in response to different salinity time points. Finally, the relationship among the changes in gene expression, evaluated traits, and salinity tolerance was determined using Correspondence Analysis (CA).Results and discussionPre-processing of 8408 EST sequences of the non-stress library resulted in 8,403 high-quality sequences. Also, out of 6894 EST sequences from the salinity stress library, 6894 high-quality sequences were obtained. BlastX against Arabidopsis proteins showed that 8075 (96.1%) of the non-stress EST sequences had at least one specific hit. 6597 (95.7%) of the EST sequences of the salinity stress library also had at least one specific hit in BlastX. Based on Fisher's exact test, 15 functional groups were significantly (FDR≤0.01) more active in salinity stress conditions than in non-stress conditions. These results clearly showed that under salinity conditions, the genome functional activity of forage turnip was oriented towards response to stresses, especially oxidative stresses, response to internal inductions such as plant hormones, control of metabolic activities, and photosynthetic reactions. Audic and Claverie’s statistical test showed 344 genes were differentially expressed in response to salinity stress; among them, 242 genes were upregulated, and 102 genes were downregulated. The predicted gene network indicated a complex relationship among DEGs, regulatory molecules (especially melatonin and plant hormones), and downstream responsive pathways. Among identified DEGs, the gene encoding transcription factor ZAT6 was assigned as an important gene in the salinity response gene network. The expression profile of the ZAT6 gene, quantity of anthocyanin, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of malondialdehyde were significantly different between the two studied genotypes. ZAT6 was significantly more expressed in the stress-tolerant genotype than the stress-susceptible genotype at all time points. In addition, the antioxidant system of the tolerant genotype was more potent than the susceptible genotype. Also, results revealed a significant relationship between the expression profile of ZAT6 and evaluated traits in the context of salinity tolerance. Based on the results, changes in ZAT6 gene expression are directly or indirectly involved in regulating forage turnip plant responses to salinity stress, especially through the control of evaluated traits.ConclusionTranscriptome study clarified some of the molecular bases of the forage turnip response to salinity stress. Accordingly, it seems that the gene encoding the ZAT6 transcription factor plays an important role(s) in the salinity stress tolerance of forage turnip. There was a significant relationship between high expression levels of this gene and enhanced antioxidant activities, which could confirm the hypothesis. However, further studies are needed to assign detailed functions of ZAT6, particularly the association of this gene with the regulatory pathway of melatonin as a major regulatory molecule in plants. This can be an effective starting point for further studies.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the support of the Higher Education Center of Eghlid for this research project.

Two different ZINC precursors   ZINC acetate A (C4 H6O4 Zn.2.2H2O) (ZnOA) and ZINC sulfate heptahydrateS (ZnSO4.7H2O) (ZnOS) were used for synthesis ZnO nanoparticles (Nps) by green synthesis method using cinnamon zeylanicum. The green synthesis of ZINC Nps is eco-friendlier, simple, cost effective and less toxic than other chemical methods and physical method. Cinnamon zeylanicum extract in present study was used as reducing and cupping agent for green synthesis of ZINC oxide NPs which have different medical and biological uses because by its natural photochemical elements which enhance stabilizing of ZINC oxide nanoparticle by reducing ZINC ion to ZnO NPs and discarding noxious substance. ZINC acetate and ZINC sulfate were used as precursor for utilizing ZINC oxide nanoparticle to detect their effective ness for synthesizing ZINC oxide NPs. UV-vis visible spectroscopy, XRD X-ray diffraction, FT-IR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , FE-SEM Field emission scanning electronic microscope, EDS energy dispersive spectroscopy, and MAPS  were used for characterization superlatively for each precursors of ZINC oxide nanoparticle by mean of cinnamon zeylanicum this characterizations were confirmed the green synthesis of ZnO Nps by cinnamon zeylanicum .Also ZnO Np that performed by  ZINC acetate precursor  recorded smaller particle size less agglomerations and more purified ZnO NPs than  ZnO NPs that performed by  ZINC sulfate precursor.