The process of alteration, in the manuscripts of famous literary works, is a type of creative reading creating multiple and different versions of a single literary text during the time. From this perspective, the editor or the scribe like reader who is not merely the recipient of the finalized meaning but he is an active agent in building the meaning and even reconstruction of the form (language and vocabulary). However, in the view of the scribes, any change in the original text is indecent. These changes, for many reasons, are the essence of literary reading and in some cases, it is a genetic and interactive process. This research can be review the alternations of the literary texts from a rhetorical view point and based on the readerchr('39')s reception methodology. For this reason, due to the duplications that are likely to change in them, has been made a rhetorical comparison between the original text and the changes. Attempt to reconstruct the authorchr('39')s intention with corrector, text interaction with the taste of society or person (fusion of horizons), opened or closed text and the desire to develop and complete linguistic and semantic gaps are the most important factors effecting in these changes. The most important aspects of these changes and alternation are creating phonetic and musical symmetries, adorn it to the rhetorical figure, more proportion between vocabulary, the pervasive of meaning of poetry, update of text based on desire and language of the period and escape it from obsolete. Hence, the modified text has gained more popularity and rhetorically than the original text.

Background: Liver enzyme alteration may be an incidental finding in asymptomatic individuals who have undergone routine laboratory tests. Isolated alteration of liver enzymes in a healthy individual often represent a challenge even for experienced clinicians. In this article we decide to provide a guide to interpreting alterations to liver enzyme levels.Liver enzyme alterations are classified to predominantly hepatocellular or predominantly cholestatic patterns. We review abnormal enzymatic activity within the 2 subgroups, and suggested initial investigations.

In this research, a support vector machine (SVM) as a supervised classification method has been used to explore the relationship between the geochemical anomaly and the surface alterations quantitatively in the Tanurcheh mineralization area. The Tanurcheh area has been located in the Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. This area has been considered as a high potential region for Cu and Au mineralization. The different mineralization processes of Au and Cu have unclearly been intertwined in this area and have created extreme surface alterations. Determination of the major origin of mineralization that has created strong alterations in this area is an important issue that can be addressed using a new proposed scenario. The relationship between the geochemical distribution map and the alteration zone was mathematically calculated using the proposed approach and then the geochemical anomaly map was predicted based on the alteration zones as an innovative achievement. In this paper, the Au and Cu geochemical data were divided into three classes, namely background, regional anomaly, and local anomaly using the probability plot method. Two threshold values for Cu (70 and 300 PPM) and Au (0. 13 and 0. 4 PPM) were obtained by the probability plot method. Then the SVM was utilized to classify the geochemical samples using the ASTER images based on these obtained thresholds. The ASTER 14-band images were used as features in this classification. Using this novel scenario, the relationships between the Au and Cu mineralization processes with the intensity of alterations were determined and therefore the origin of these alteration zones was clarified. The SVM classification indices of correct classification rate (CCR) and confusion matrix demonstrate the main origin of alterations is related to the Cu mineralization process in this area. The CCR indices obtained based on the Au and Cu thresholds are 0. 66 and 0. 85 respectively. It demonstrates the intensity of alterations has more been affected by the Cu mineralization process and there is a relatively good relationship between the alteration zone and the Cu geochemical distribution map. Finally, the geochemical anomaly and background maps were properly predicted using the SVM and the ASTER bands. This paper shows the new application of SVM as a powerful tool for the interpretation of geochemical anomalies and the intensity of alteration.

The study area is located in 25 km SE of Ahar and 40 km NW of Meshkin-Shahr around Naqadouz village. Hydrothermal alteration has resulted in the developing of Argillic, Argillic-Silicic, Silicic and propilitic zones in this area. Based on petrographic studies, the altered rocks are basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyolite and lithic tuff in composition, with porphyry, glomeroporphyry, hyalomicrolithic and microlithic porphyric textures. The XRD analysis of altered samples show cristobalite, natrilite, kaolinite, quartz, albite, sanidine and orthoclase as the main minerals. Geochemical studies indicate that the alteration fluid has hydrothermal source and supergene processes are more important than hypogene processes. In this study, we use the immobile element method to calculate mass-changes and trace elements transmission amount during hydrothermal alteration. The Eu/Eu* ratio is higher in altered samples than relatively unaltered samples and the ratio of Ce/Ce* is more than 1for the relatively unaltered and most altered samples. The ratio of (La/Yb) n indicated that the depletion of HREE in altered samples is more than LREE, and LREE enrichment can increase this ratio. The lower ratio of (Tb/Yb) n in altered than unaltered samples indicate less depletion of HREE relative to MREE. Considering the distribution pattern of REE’s in alteration zones, it seems that the behavior of elements are controlled by pH, T & P changes, Eh, preferred absorption by clayey and iron oxide minerals and ligands frequency including SO2-4, PO4+3, CI-, F-, CO2-3.

Text editing, in whatever manner it may be, is based on the manuscript or manuscripts, and the editor's departure from the basic recorded manuscripts is only permissible and acceptable when the editor's choice corrects a clear error in the text, is confirmed by evidence from the text, and is consistent with the language and subject matter of the text. However, sometimes reliance on consistent recordings of manuscripts, the deception of incorrect recordings, and consequently the acceptance of distorted and altered forms have led to the researcher's precise view and point of understanding deviating from the original, resulting in a phrase or verse with the same erroneous form being inserted into the text. In this article, the author provides several examples of errors that have occurred due to tampering and alteration in manuscripts and have been overlooked by the editors; examples from "Kalīla wa-Dimna," the "Divan of Ẓahīr Fāriyābī," Kulliyāt (Complete Works) of Sa'dī," and "Tārīkh-e Jahāngushā" by Juveinī.

Background: The main function of the immune system is to defense against infections and killing the tumor cells. It has been reported that smoking reduces the resistance to infections and increases the incidence of cancers. The aim of this study was to assess selected indices of immunity, in healthy cigarette smoker men.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 68 healthy men, including, 32 subjects smoking for more than 5 years (case group), and 36 aged-matched men who never used to smoke (control group). The following parameters were studied and compared in two groups: total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, serum concentration of immunoglobulin including: IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, C3 and C4 complement components. Results: Decreased serum concentration of IgG, IgM and, IgA observed in smoker men compared to nonsmokers. Smokers had higher IgE concentration than non-smokers (522 IU/ml Vs 381 IU/ml; P<0.01). In smokers, the absolute count of circulating WBC, PMN cells and lymphocytes was significantly higher than those in nonsmokers. Conclusion: These results indicated that several significant immunological alterations were occurred in smoker men, compare to nonsmoker.