Some considerable factors for optimizing the signal and noise performances of a matrix amplifier for broadband applications have been discussed. It is shown that proper loading of both external (i.e. input and output) lines and also the middle electrodes improves the device performances. Besides, due to discrepancy between the phase velocities of different lines, the capacitive compensation of these electrodes has a considerable influence on the behavior of the device. Also it is shown that using a tier of HBTs at the output of the matrix amplifier is effective in increasing the power gain of the device. The proposed technique is applicable in improving the performance of Microwave and mm wave ICs.

Introduction: Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury involves a complex interrelated sequence of events. High levels of nitric oxide (NO) are generated with inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) leading to the renal IR injury and glutathione (GSH) depletion. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of L-Nil (N6- (1-Iminoethyl)-L- lysine hydrochloride), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, in prevention of renal GSH depletion and IR injury.Methods: Ischemia was induced by 40-min clamping of the renal arteries followed by 6 h reperfusion. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham operated, Sham- L-Nil, IR and IR- L-Nil. In the IR groups, rats were administered saline or L-Nil (3 mg/kg iv bolus followed by infusion of 1 mg/kg/h) 15 min prior ischemia. Other groups underwent surgery protocol but did not undergo renal arteries occlusion and were maintained under anesthesia for the duration of the experiment (40 min + 6 h). Renal function was assessed by plasma creatinine (Cr), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurements. Fractional excretion of Na+(FENa+), urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) activity and renal GSH level were also measured.Results: We found that L-Nil significantly reduced the IR mediated increases in Cr BUN, AST, FENa+, NOx and urine NAG activity.Conclusion: These results emphasize the multifactorial nature of renal IR injury and the need for a multidrug therapy in the future.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of Ginko biloba and its similar extract (Ginkgo-TD) on the treatment of subjective tinnitus, we have performed a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial for sixty patients. It was proposed that Ginko has different effects on memory, cerebral blood flow and neuronal protection. Previous studies had proved differently in it's effect on subjective tinnitus.Materials and Methods: Sixty patients complained from subjective tinnitus and were referred to our out patient clinic participated in the study after the clinical and preclinical assessments.The patients had randomly received drug or plaebo. Then they were divided into two groups A and B. Group A received 40mg Ginko-TD twice daily for two weeks, but group B had received the placebo for the same period. After two weeks all patients were re-evaluated for the reduction of tinnitus severity.Results: 53.3% of the patients in group A reported reduction of the tinnitus severity; wher Tinnitus as, only 10% of group B had become better (P<0/005).Conclusion: Ginkgo-TD has effects on the improvement of subjective tinnitus.

The effects of potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) levels K0, (0), K1,(150) and K2,(250 kg/ha) in two species of Brassica napus (Hyola 401 Hybrid) and Brassica juncea (landrace cultivar), under three irrigation regimes, control (irrigation after 50%,), moderate stress, (irrigation after 70%), and severe stress (irrigation after 90% soil water depletion) were studied in a factorial experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield and physiological indices, including relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g), chlorophyll content (SPAD values); leaf temperature (TL), and the difference between canopy temperature and air temperature (Tc-Ta) were measured at two stages (50% flowering and 100% siliques formation. Both species maintained, higher RWC, SPAD values and g, in non stress condition, but decreasing soil water supply caused a lower RWC, SPAD values, g, Dt and increased TL. Potassium application also improved above mentioned physiological traits. Grain yield was positively associated with RWC, g and SPAD values but showed a negative association with TL and Dt in both stages. Results showed that with increasing stress severity grain yield reduced significantly, but potassium application conferred great increase on rapeseed yield. Overall, grain yield showed significant association with RWC, g, SPAD values, Dt and TL under this experiment conditions. It is concluded that potassium application, could ameliorate negative effects of water stress on grain yield and physiological properties and consequently improved them. For selecting drought tolerant cultivars, due to easier measurement of g, SPAD values and TL, they could be recommended for screening large numbers of rapeseed cultivars in a short time at critical stages of crop growth.

This article examines a new approach which solves Linear Programming (LP) problems with stochastic parameters as a generalized model of the fuzzy mathematical model analyzed by Verdegay. An expectation model is provided for solving the problem. A multi-parametric programming is applied to access to a solution with different desired degrees as well as problem constraints. Additionally, we present a numerical example to demonstrate the state and method efficiency.