The condition of success and reasons of failure of development strategies and plans, has been one of the most important "development studies" issues. It has been explained in different ways; such as that there is strong relationship between efficiency of development strategies and plans and development theories. According of paradigmatic-implicative theory, which has explained the relation of development theories and political thought and identifies the development theory as one of the practical implication of political thought, one of the conditions of success of development strategies and development plans can be referred to the political thought foundation. So we explore the political thought supporting the basic needs model. We use "qualitative content analysis" method for showing the political foundation of basic needs model, which is one of the most important development models In 1970s, is based on "the least advantaged are benefitted and not hurt or forgotten", in correspondence with John Rawls's "Justice as Fair".

Background Moral commitments of therapists is the important subject that attracted the attention of researches in the field of medical ethics. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs and moral identity among medical students. Method The plan of this research is descriptive-correlation. Subjects were 140 medical interns of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences that selected by stratified sampling method from Shiraz public hospitals. For collecting data, using psychological needs satisfaction scale and self-important of moral identity scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results Results of research showed satisfying needs of competence and relatedness have positive correlation with internalized moral identity. Also, satisfying needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness showed positive correlation with symbolized moral identity. In addition, results of multiple regression analysis indicated that satisfying need of competence predicts internalized moral identity, positively. Satisfying need of relatedness predicts symbolized and total scores of moral identity positively. Conclusion In general, results of present research in line with early research evidence and self-determination theory, showed the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in forming medical students’ moral identity.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to develop and test a model for explaining marital conflict based on basic needs in choice theory through the mediating role of spirituality Method: To this aim, a study based on correlational research model of structural equation modeling (path analysis) was conducted. A sample of 172 students of Islamic Azad University (131 females, 41 males) were selected by cluster sampling method and within each cluster through purposive sampling method. Each subject answered the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Glasser's basic needs (Sahebi's basic needs Compatibility Test) and Spirituality. SPSS-22, statistical software, was used for data processing. Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the satisfaction of basic needs and spirituality and a significant negative relationship between spirituality and marital conflicts. The correlation between marital conflicts with the need for love and belonging and the need for entertainment is also negative and significant. The correlation between the five basic needs is all positive and meaningful,The results also showed that spirituality plays a mediating role in the relationship between conflicts and the need for survival, freedom and power. Discussion and conclusion: The final model for explaining the relationship between basic needs and marital conflicts through the spirituality variable includes the three needs of survival, freedom, and power, and the two needs of love / belonging and the need for entertainment have been omitted. At the same time, 5% of the variance of marital conflicts and 23% of the variance of spirituality can be explained based on Glasser's basic needs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the basic Psychological needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). Two hundred and fifteen students were selected from Shiraz University by means of multistage cluster sampling method, and following scales were given them to responds basic Psychological needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (Chen, et. al, 2015), To confirm Vatality of the Scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997), Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diner, et. al, 1985). To determine the validity of the basic Psychological needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, confirmatory factor analysis by structural equation modeling using AMOS software and convergent and divergent validity methods were used. Also, positive correlation between needs satisfaction, state vitality, and life satisfaction, negative correlation between needs frustration, and these variables, and positive correlation between needs frustration and aggression, confirmed the convergent and divergent validity of this scale. To determine the reliability, Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used. Range of coefficients was 0. 68 to 0. 85. Results indicated that BPNSFS is a valid instrument for the use in Iranian society.