Establishment of border markets is one of the most well-known methods of economic development of border areas, which has been able to create a dramatic change in production, employment, stabilization of border population, increase in income, and ultimately development and sustainable security in these areas. The present study examines the role of Mahirood border market in the security of Nehbandan border region. This study is of an applied research type and descriptive-analytical. Its statistical population includes all exhibitors, merchants, workers, employees of the private and public sectors in the Mahirood border market, and local trustees of the region (N=100) in 2019, all of whom were questioned. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined with Cronbach's alpha and was estimated to be 0. 88 for the whole questionnaire. Face validity was employed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire using the opinions of experts. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 24 software. According to the findings of the statistical population, Mahirood border market has achieved its goals, which is to achieve border security in Nehbandan region, by 51%, and people believe that the goals of the market have been achieved. These statistics show the positive role of the market in the border area for the people. In other words, all research hypotheses regarding the role of Mahirood border market activity in the realization of border security of Nehbandan region in different dimensions of development and stabilization of residents (82%), reduction of migration (92%) and expansion of regional infrastructure (85%) had a significant effect and have been confirmed. Accordingly, the major policies of the Islamic Republic in the development of border markets have been achieved with the aim of creating sustainable security in border areas, so it is necessary to expand this policy, of course, in accordance with the principle of using local forces and export development in other sectors.

Since border areas are one of the most sensitive points in the country, recognizing the impact of Islamic border guarding management factors on the security of these areas is one of the most important points in understanding security vulnerabilities for preventing any anti-security tensions and actions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of border management on border security with the Islamic border guarding approach in Piranshahr city. In terms of its objectives and nature of the problem this study is of an applied research type, and in terms of research method it is considered as a survey research. The statistical population includes the border guards of Piranshahr city in 2019 with 645 individuals. The sample size was set at 241 individuals according to Cochran's table. The data were collected f using a questionnaire, whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis; the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS 23 and Smart PLS statistical software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that border guarding has a direct and significant effect on border guarding from the Quran's point of view with a path coefficient of 0. 792, border guarding from the point of view of narrations and Islamic rules with a coefficient of 0. 774, and border guarding from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagha with a path coefficient of 0. 669. As a result, border management has a positive and significant effect on border security with an Islamic approach.

The benefiting of the residents of the border areas from the appropriate facilities will lead to sustainable security and the lack of suitable conditions for the border residents will face the residents of the interior areas of the country with security threats. One of the most important border points in eastern Iran is the Mirjaveh border. The present study tries to evaluate the border security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this area through field and documentary studies. Using the theory of the Copenhagen School, this article tries to answer this question: "what are the problems of border control policies at the Mirjavah border point with Pakistan and how it can lead to lasting security in the eastern regions, especially in the city of Mirjavah? ". The findings of this article show that border control policies in Iran have mainly had hardware effects. The findings also show that the economic, social and cultural situation at this border point is lower than the national average, and this policy-making approach does not solve problems and even in some cases exacerbates insecurity in the region.

Background and objective: One important requirement to create and strengthen Faraja air infrastructure is the location and construction of airports and air bases. Considering the strategic location of the northwestern borders of the country in the neighborhood of two countries of Azerbaijan and Armenia and the lack of a Police-air base in this area, the present research was conducted aiming to identify the requirements and considerations to locate an air-police base in the border region of Aras. Method: This is an analytical-comparative research. In order to identify and understand the spatial patterns of locating a Police-air base, the based graphic statistical models in ArcGIS software environment were used. The statistical population of the research to identify the necessary requirements and considerations related to the location of the military airport is all the sources of internal and external researches and documents in the field of research during 1385 to 1402. The participants in the current research were 10 military and police experts in the relevant field. The hierarchical analysis method was used to analyze the data. A paired comparison questionnaire was used to weight the criteria according to the local conditions of the region and the existing standards. Findings: In the process of research implementation, 10 criteria including: topographical conditions, climate, land use, distance from population centers, distance from river channel, access to communication network, proximity to strategic points, distance from protected areas, slope and its direction were identified. Conclusion: The research findings show that in order to ensure stable security and protect the borders in the border area of Aras, it is necessary to create a Police-air base. Considering the border's length and extension, it is an unavoidable necessity to create a Police-air base in this region.

In this research, the role of border markets on the sense of security of border villagers in Baneh city has been investigated. The method used in this study was qualitative using a typical case study and focus groups. Findings show that cross-border exchanges and cross-border trade have played an important role in improving the living conditions of border residents and and helped the residents to improve their lives both economically and socially.With the creation of bazaars, according to the people and the officials, the number of smugglers who endanger the security of the people has been reduced to some extent. In terms of investment and inclination to economic and commercial activities with people across the border, we have seen an increasing trend, but productive investment has not been made in the region, which is one of the weaknesses of creating those markets. The feeling of financial security compared to the period before the establishment of the bazaar has been increasing and has also had a positive impact on reducing unrest in the region and reducing crime within villages and border areas. But the sense of security in border and Culbary traffic has diminished, and law enforcement policies need to be revised to some extent in favor of Culbarha and small businesses. In the initial goals of the formation of cross-border exchanges, economic development and healthy employment, these decisions have been prominent, but the effectiveness of markets in other areas, including urban areas, has been greater than rural border areas.

border areas due to some reasons including their distance from central parts, geographical seclusion, lack of development and... have a great and distinguished difference with central parts from the view point of welfare and development and the establishment of border markets can adjust the one-way relationship of central part with border areas and improves the regional welfare.This paper has studied Common Small Market of Tamrchin in Piranshahr at West Azarbaijan province through descriptive-analytical method. The statistical society of this research includes all tradesmen, merchants and other people involved in border markets who have obtained merchants and tradesmen’s card, which has been selected, based on the sample volume of 220 people and the questionnaires were distributed among them. For analyzing information, ANP model and also multi regression conceptive statistics model was used.The results of the studies suggests that the establishment and activity of markets in the district can create a relative improvement in some welfare variables including employment, job mobility of border habitants, increase of income, supplying the requirements of border habitants, food, health, housing and environment. Also the establishment of markets has greatly reduced the informal economy of the area, but did not able to reduce the emigration of the great number of rural people particularly the young ones. In addition Tamrchin market has created a relative economic security in the area. The results of multi regression model shows that there is a significant relationship between the factors existing in Tamrchin border market and the regional welfare indices, i.e. 37% of the created welfare is the result of development of Tamrchin market.

border areas are among the geographical spaces that, despite their high capacities, are sometimes neglected in accordance with their specific conditions. In recent years, tourism in border areas has been one of these capacities that has been considered to some extent and along with it has formed the competitive advantage of tourism in these areas. Based on this, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and with an applied purpose to investigate the competitive advantage of tourism between the Baneh border region and the border areas of Jolfa, Piranshahr, Marivan and Mako. The present research has been done in two stages. The first step is to gather the information needed through library studies. In the second stage, based on the information obtained from the tourism situation of the study area, tourism goals for greater competitiveness of the city in the horizon of 1404 were proposed, then the important strategies to achieve these goals and tourism capabilities of the study area were entered in Meta-SWOT software. The results show that the lower price of foreign goods compared to other parts of the country, the existence of multiple shopping centers, strategic border position and high social security have the highest degree of strategic fit with macro factors and is a high competitive advantage for the Baneh border region. On the other hand, negative propaganda against border areas, lack of proper infrastructure for tourism development, international sanctions, government discrimination in allocating facilities to border areas were identified as the biggest obstacles to tourism development in Baneh city.

Hydropolitics is the study of the role of water in the relations of countries in four scales: local, national, regional and global. With 26 border rivers and the dependence of about 30% of the country's population on the water of the common watersheds, Iran is among the countries that are heavily influenced by the hydropolitical developments and changes of the border rivers. In the meantime, the security of the border areas is more affected due to being located in the peripheral areas as well as the strong dependence on the water of the border rivers. This research with qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach and by applying Delphi methods and using ArcGis software in order to draw maps to investigate the hydropolitics of border rivers of the country, indicators and components affecting it and Also, risk and strategic indicators have been discussed.The findings of the research show that the most important security-regular consequences of the hydropolitics of border rivers on border areas are in environmental, economic, political, social and cultural dimensions and include ethnic tensions on both sides of the border, smuggling, joining gangs. Terrorism and ethnic and political divergence, migration, reduction of agriculture, growth of poverty in border areas and as a result increase in crime, increase in the cost of security, conflict over water, increase in marginalization, air pollution, drying up of wetlands, respiratory problems and environmental destruction. It is in the border areas.

Introduction: Helping the injured at the time of crisis is one of the duties of hospitals; therefore, they should plan and be prepared prior to any crisis. The present research was designed to measure the readiness of Kermanshah Province hospitals located near the western boarder of Iran to handle border related crises.Methods: The readiness of the three border hospitals in Kermanshah Province, e. g. Az-zahra (in Gilanegharb), Shohada (in Sare-Pole-Zahab), and Hazrat Abolfazl Abbas (in Ghasre- Shirin) was evaluated using a checklist on the following six aspects: 1) crisis management information systems, 2) commandership terminal, 3) crisis-related training, 4) organizing hospital manpower, 5) having adequate facilities and equipment, 6) maneuvering and practicing. The data were gathered through interview, observation and using available statistics.Results: According to the findings, hospitals scored "average" on crisis management information systems, commandership terminal, crisis-related training, and organizing hospital manpower, "good" on having adequate facilities and equipment, and "weak" on maneuvering and practicing. The findings also revealed that readiness was fairly good in Shohada hospital, average in Hazrat Abolfazl Abbas hospital and weak in Az-zahra Gilanegharb (hospital. in general, readiness to deal with crisis in all three hospitals was evaluated as average.Conclusion: Despite adequate facilities available for the investigated hospitals, they are not well prepared to handle border related crises in Kermanshah Province and it is essential to take necessary steps in this respect.

Crime is one of the phenomena that directly or indirectly affects the lifestyle or get influenced by it. Lifestyle reflects the tendencies and values of an individual or group that can have a significant impact on the quality of life and destiny of individuals and society. If the trend of lifestyle change is to reduce the deterrents and spread the risk factors, that society will be a criminal hotspot. Accordingly, the issue of crime prevention has been considered in the criminal policy of many societies, including in the legislative approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the present study, the relationship between the lifestyle of border residents and the crime of citizens of the border city of Baneh was investigated. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type. Research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes the citizens of the border city of Baneh with a population of 123, 218 people, of which 432 individuals were selected as the sample size through the Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method. The validity of the study was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was used for analysis. The findings show that the crime rate of Baneh citizens depends on a relatively high level of independent variables. Therefore, the lifestyle has a great impact on the crime of the citizens of this region. Also, according to the obtained data, the relationship between the two variables of lifestyle and crime of citizens is inverse and moderate. Therefore, by improving the lifestyle of border residents, their crime is reduced and vice versa. The results showed that the relatively high crime rate of border guards depends on independent variables. Therefore, it can be said that there is a direct and significant relationship between the lifestyle of border residency and the crime of border residents.