Background: We conducted this study To find relationship between maternal glucose challenge test (GCT) levels and fetal body weight (BW).Materials and Methods: We analyzed five hundred women with singleton pregnancy, who had GCT at 24-28 week during pregnancy. All of them had no history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus or other medical disease before pregnancy or during previous pregnancy, and all of them had weight gain appropriate with their pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Also nobody had history of drug abuse or smoking. In this descriptive–analytic survey, maternal age, gravidity, BMI,GCT level ,gestational age (GA) , sex of neonate, rout of delivery , newborn weight and apgar score were evaluated .The student’s T-test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. We used Pearson coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and chi-square test for determination GCT threshold.Results: We found rate of small for gestational age (SGA) in newborns statistically was significant, who their maternal GCT level was ≤80mg/dl, P value: 0/018, specificity 89%, sensitivity 58% and confidence interval: 95% (0/162-0/545).Conclusion: Low GCT level has association with SGA and can be used as a predictive test and may be an indication for dietary intervention.

A new section in MEJDD which is aimed to improve chinical decision making by presenting a real patient by an experienced clinician and who discuss the case and provide an evidence base decision making for diagnosis and treatment of patient in daily clinical practice.

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most vital elements for all living organisms which acts as a constituent of essential biomolecules such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and phosphosugars, and as a major contributor to almost all metabolic reactions including photosynthesis, respiration, and energy delivery. It is one of the most needed nutrients for plant growth and development. Despite high levels of P in the soil, plants absorb it only in the soluble inorganic form of free phosphate ion (Pi) which is scarce in soil. Therefore, there has been a large demand for Pi fertilizers to secure crop yields, yet its deposition in soil and gradual run-off into water reservoirs lead to chains of events that cause irreversible damages to ecosystems. Researches, including genome-wide data analyses, have revealed interesting molecular aspects of plant adaptive strategies to deal with low Pi concentrations in soil. These include the higher expression of acid phosphatases and Pi transporters as well as the secretion of organic acids in the rhizosphere that maintain cellular Pi homeostasis in order to keep metabolic reactions running. Describing the cycle of Pi exchange between physical and biological worlds, the extent to which current agricultural practices are disturbing the cycle, the necessity of introducing lessdestructive methods of providing Pi, and alternative measures and solutions for sustainable agriculture will be discussed in this review.

From the early beginning of his mission, the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) was ordered to introduce the God, who had come to his knowledge, to the pagans inhabited in Mecca and invite them to the monotheism and unitarianism. He knew that the racked intellectual and social structure of Mecca will create some difficulties in the way of his mission. In spite of the obstacle, which method was selected by the Prophet to confront pagans and how he could make a significant achievement? The findings of the present study which is on the descriptive-analysis method show that his policy for confronting pagans of Quraysh in Mecca and Medina was different. During the Meccan period, he tried to challenge the intellectual and theological system of the pagans and deny and reject polytheism through Islamic monotheism while in Medina he could challenge the political and religious identity of Meccan pagans after the revelation of verses of Jihad through the formation of new religio-political identity on the city-state of Medina and finally with the conquest of Mecca and the hegemony of monotheism discourse, he could prevail the unitarian thought in that city and made a brilliant achievement for himself.