History and Objectives:Extraction and purification of polysaccharide capsule is the first step for preparation preventive vaccines in infections as a result of encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus. This study was carried out to extract and purify Staphylococcus aureus type 2.Materials and Methods:The descriptive and explorative strategy of this study was conducted on Staphylococcus aureus (Smith diffuse variant) in BID broth in a shaking incubator (200 rpm) in an aerobic conditions at a temperature of 37°C. The capsule was extracted using dilute acid and heating method. Then, dialysis was done overnight at 4°C and the product was lyophilized. Lyophilized powder was purified using a cellulose DEAE column (2.6 x 50 cm) by gradient method using bicarbonate ammonium buffers (0.01-1 M) at a velocity of 60 mt/h (Ion exchange chromatography). Finally, absorption spectrum was plotted and purified capsule was analyzed using scanning spectrophotometer.Results:Polysaccharide capsule was collected in final growth phase at 0.1 HCL and at a temperature of 100°C. Absorption spectrum was evaluated using H2S04/galacial acetic acid assay at wavelength range of 350-620 nm. The result showed that chromatographs are well matched with previously purified antigens. Conclusion and Recommendations:It is concluded that it is possible to extract and purify the capsule of Staphylococcus aurous type 2 and it is recommended to produce the related preventive vaccines.

Dermal melanocytosis (DM) is described as the presence of ectopic melanocytes in the dermis and could be a normal cutaneous finding. Mongolian spots are blue or slate-gray macular lesions occurring most commonly in the sacral area but also found over posterior thighs, legs, back, and shoulders. However, diffuse DM or extensive Mongolian spots must be considered as an early sign of neurometabolic diseases, in particular lysosomal storage disorders. Mongolian spots usually fade during the first few years of life, but they occasionally persist. Those associated with inborn error of metabolism error of metabolism present no sign of resolution and may also become heavier in their colors. The most common lysosomal storage disease associated with generalized Mongolian spots are Hurler syndrome followed by GM1 gangliosidosis type 1. An association with Niemann-Pick disease, Hunter syndrome, mannosidosis, MPS VI and sandhoff disease was also reported.

A 30-year-old man developed a lamellar keratitis around the flap, both inside and outside the flap margin after LASIK. With an impression of peripheral diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK), topical and systemic steroid were started which led to a dramatic improvement in signs and symptoms. Although, diffuse lamellar keratitis is most often seen in the flap interface, it may be seen outside the flap margin, within the untouched cornea.

Relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a He-Ne laser are reported. The intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. Our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the lowest. The primary result is that for the ground metallic surfaces, there seems to be an optimum condition and roughness that result in the maximum diffuse reflection. For the color matte plastics, the yellow color has the highest diffuse reflectance and the black one shows the lowest. For the colored papers the yellow paint shows a maximum diffuse reflectance; whereas the gray one has the lowest diffuse reflectance. Our results agree with the theoretical predictions and also with the other experimental results.

Eruptive syringoma is a rare benign tumor of eccrine sweat gland. Clinically, it presents as successive crops of symmetric, small yellow-brown to erythematous or skin-colored papules on the anterior body surfaces. It usually occurs in young women. Definitive diagnosis can be made on histopathological findings. The pathogenesis of eruptive syringoma is unclear but there are few reports about its association with antiepileptic drugs, radiation, trisomy 21, depilation and hyperthyroidism. The presented case was a 25-year-old woman who had referred with papules in forehead, periorbital regions, cheek, chin, chest, abdomen and forearm. Eruptive syringoma was confirmed based on its distinctive pathological findings. She thought her skin lesions were related to consumption of oral contraceptives. The importance of this disease is its cosmetic problem.

Introduction: Forestier disease-an unusual cause of dysphagia is a common presenting complaint in otolaryngology, internal medicine, and neurology practice, which has many known causes. Forestier disease or DISH is a rare but curable cause of dysphagia. DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) is a rheumatic abnormality characterized by exuberant proliferation of bone at osseous sites of ligamentous and tendinous attachments throughout the body. A higher prevalence is found among diabetics and males. The incidence of DISH increases with aging. Presenting features include dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness, aspiration pneumonia, myelopathy, and entrapment neuropathy. Methods: A sixty-year-old man with complaint of progressive dysphagia to solid food for 6 years underwent barium swallow examination and cervical x-ray showed diffuse ligament calcification and osteophytes protrusion and compression of the esophagus.Conclusions: The patient underwent conservative treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) but was then referred for surgical intervention because no favorable clinical response was seen.

A 12-month-old boy was brought to the emergency department for a 2-week history of irritability and abdominal enlargement. The only positive finding on physical examination was abdominal distension. Initial imaging included an abdominal ultrasound which showed bilateral nephromegaly along with multiple bilateral hypoechoic lesions scattered within the renal parenchyma. Spiral abdominopelvic CT-scan demonstrated bilateral renal enlargement and loss of normal architecture with renal parenchyma completely replaced by homogenous low attenuating peripheral masses (Figure 1). Based on the radiological features, bilateral nephroblastomatosis was suggested for the patient....

Dear Editor, diffuse glioma is a primary brain tumor that originates from glial supportive cells and is the most common type of intra-axial brain tumor. Open tumor resection is the first step in the treatment of diffuse gliomas. The extent of resection (EOR) directly influences clinical outcomes in glioma surgery. However, resection of diffuse glioma is encountered with the problem of macroscopic and even microscopic similarity of normal brain and tumor. Furthermore, maximizing EOR requires attention because a mistake in identifying and preserving normal brain regions in complete resection can lead to catastrophic complications. . .

Background: Sonography is a safe and simple method for diagnosis of diffuse renal parenchymal disease. Objective: To detect the accuracy and value of sonography in presence of diffuse renal parenchymal disease.Methods: Through a double blind study, ultrasound examination was carried out in 100 patients of nephrology wards of Shiraz hospitals during 1998 to 99. According to sonographic findings, the patients were assessed for renal size, cortical echogenicity and appearance of renal pyraminds. Transcutaneus kidney biopsy was performed within 24 hours and according to pathological findings, the patients were divided into eleven different groups. Renal specimen was examined without any sonographic information.Findings: The .findings revealed statistically meaningful correlation between renal cortical echogenicity and prominency of pyramids and glomerulosclerosis, crescent formation tubular atrophy and intentitial fibrosis or inflammation but no correlation with hypercellularity renal sonography for detection of diffuse renal parechymal disease had 86% sensitivity, 57% specify and 82% accuracy.Conclusion: Sonography is a useful diagnostic method for diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases; however, it cannot be rellied on regarding the type of microscopic changes or specific histological diagnosis.