This research focuses on the effect of passive methods in the field of energy storage, produce energy by using renewable energies, and also to achieve the construction patterns of residential buildings in the climate conditions of Shiraz, with the aim reducing energy consumption. Statistics show that in Iran, fuel consumption in residential and commercial buildings with an average annual growth of 7. It is about 2.37% of the country's total fuel consumption. One way to minimize energy consumption in this sector is to increase the role of zero-energy buildings. Zero-energy buildings provide technical ways to consume less energy in buildings. These buildings are designed and built so that all or a large part of these provide the energy they need through the combination of energy saving and the use of renewable energy technology. In this research, after studying the climate condition of the city of Shiraz, a building in the energy Plus software, the simulation and climatic data of the Shiraz station was introduced to the software. To achieve the most optimal conditions of energy consumption in the climatic conditions of Shiraz, each of the building elements Residential was optimized. The simulation shows that it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of the building by using passive building materials and designs, including double-glazed glass, Wall insulation, etc. On the other hand, by using solar energy, using pvsyst software, you can supply the energy needed by the building.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, and wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil and Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) and Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) and in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, and the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas and diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 and 2.1 tons and in Marvast are 1.5 and 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters and in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, and commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, and it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Variation in soft tissue thickness may cause probability errors in DXA bone values. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soft tissue thickness on bone mineral.Methods: A spine phantom consisting of bone and soft tissue equivalents (Aluminum and Perspex respectively) was made to simulate different status of bone (normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis) and abdominal thicknesses. BMD measurements were performed by DXA using a Norland XR-46 on 45 patients. The statistical analysis for determining the BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA) measurements was done using SPSS software.Findings: According to Pearson correlation test, variation of soft tissue thickness had no statistically significant relation on BMD, BMC and BA (P>0.05). But non-parametric regression determined soft tissue thickness had some effect on BMD and BMC (P<0.05), but no statistically effect on BA (P>0.05).Conclusion: Variation of soft tissue thickness had no considerable effect (less than1%) on bone mineral results, so errors arising from soft tissue thickness in DXA are negligible.

Background: Osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and hip are diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. This method reveals remarkable accuracy and precision in the results. We aimed to determine the errors affecting measurements using DXA scan and investigate the changes in mineral density of hip and lumbar spine over one year.Methods: The study was performed on 65 patients referred to the Isfahan Osteoporosis Diagnosis Center, Iran, and changes in mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine were examined. Moreover, phantom study was conducted to determine the errors affecting the results of DXA scan including metal artifact, patient incorrect position, not calibration, and incorrect analysis of data gathered using DXA scan. Data were analyzed using SSPS software.Findings: This study showed that any error led to a slight change in measurements by DXA scan. Additionally, the mean value of changes in mineral density of hip and lumbar spine decreased 1.53 and 1.42 g/cm2, respectively, which was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the present study, any minor error can impact on the results of DXA scan.Furthermore, the reduction in bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine occurs after one year; however, it was not statistically significant.

Research Problem: The development of modern technologies has become a global common infrastructure and priority due to its environmental, economic and social advantages. Due to the increase in population and expansion of the man-made environment and turning to architecture and interior design, the demand for energy for various purposes is increasing day by day. Therefore, the intelligent use of renewable energy plays an important role in improving the sustainability and energy efficiency in architectural design. Research Question: What effect does the geometry of the window and the use of optical shelves have on the reception and optimal use of natural light? Research Method: The purpose of the present research is the feasibility of using new technologies, including optical racks, in architectural design, emphasizing the approach of increasing the efficiency of renewable energy (sunlight) in Arian Tower, Hamedan.  Research method: Applied research has a quantitative nature and data analysis method is combined, descriptive-analytical and simulation. Collecting information is done by field surveys in the space of Aryan Tower and collecting data with devices such as lux meters. By using Design Builder and Ecotect software, the role of light shelves on providing natural lighting in Arian Tower is investigate The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The investigations carried out on the building unit show that the internal parts of the plan do not receive any natural light and this problem causes the increase in energy consumption. It is because the lamps are turned on to provide lighting. By installing a light ledge, which is one of the methods of using renewable energy, an attempt was made to bring the light to the depth of the plan, and this system performed well in performing its task and received the Green Star certificate. Finally, it was concluded that the use of optical shelf has a significant effect in reducing the cold and heat load and especially increasing the lighting load.