The reception and influence of Popper’s philosophy of science and his political philosophy in Latin America have depended heavily on the translation of his major works originally published in German and English. Thus, for example, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, which was originally published in 1959, was translated into Spanish in 1962 and into Portuguese only in 1974. Similarly, The Open Society and Its Enemies, originally published in 1945, was translated into Spanish twelve years later in 1957 and into Portuguese in 1974. But apart from a discussion of the impact of the translations of his books, I also want to show that the political situation in some Latin American countries, for example, Chile, Cuba and Peru, has played a very important role in the introduction, reception and influence of Popper’s philosophy of science in general and his social and political thought in particular. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to examine the reception of Popper’s ideas in Latin America and give an account of his influence and legacy in some of the Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the cell suspension culture of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful cell suspension culture was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica cell wall extract as an elicitor on silymarin production in cell suspension culture at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of cells increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal extract. Based on the results, the cell wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the cell suspension culture of S. marianum.

Background and objectives: The present study seeks to question the meaning, the what, the why and types of influence on the thought of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and to analyze different aspects of the issue from his perspective. This research answers the following question: What does the influence mean in the supreme leader's thought? Methodology: The research method is qualitative and theme analysis in the form of network themes. The statistical population of this study includes all the speeches that were delivered by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei from 1989 until 2018 about influence. The method of data gathering is a documentary and library studies with access to the primary sources, i. e., the Supreme Leader's lectures, documented on his site. The findings have been analyzed in the context of the theme analysis of their statements from 1989 until 2018. Findings and results: In general, influence includes various types of cultural influence, political influence, security influence and economic influence, and the influence of the enemy is pervasive. In terms of the enemy's influence method, the most important one is influence in the country, which exists in public and private systems, either individually or collectively, and in various types of influence. The purpose of enemy's influence can be summarized as a whole in the sense of destruction. The main motivation for enemy's influence is also the domination and continuation of the historical experience of arrogance and the exploitation of aliens. Strategies for countering enemy influence are, from the supreme leadership's point of view, raising awareness, consciousness, and understanding of the role of enemy influence in cultural, political, security, and economic dimensions.

The discourse of the Islamic Revolution, as a value model, has faced military, political, and economic obstacles from the very beginning of its victory and has overcome all of them. It is different from other arenas, and the enemies seek to contain the revolution from within by their cultural soldiers. The great emphasis of the Supreme Leader in this regard shows the seriousness of the enemies and the high importance of the cultural war. Expressions such as aggression, ambush and cultural influence in recent years, which have been emphasized on various occasions by the Supreme Leader. In this article, after examining the concept of influence and culture, researchers explain the tactics of cultural influence from the perspective of leadership and finally the strategies to deal with it. According to the research topic, the approach is content-oriented the research method for data collection was the use of books, articles and a special database of the Supreme Leader. In conclusion, it was concluded that domination of countries by military means was no longer possible today and the colonizers using the method of influencing cultural policies, they seek to achieve their goals.

"influence" is one of the strategies of exercising power, which was applied in hard and semi-hard forms in the old ages and in the new age in a soft form by one country against another country or by a person or a group on another person or group. In this article, the researchers intend to investigate the American security influence during the Pahlavi period in line with the Jihad of explanation. The research question is based on the basis of what was the American security influence during the Pahlavi period? To achieve this goal, the research with a descriptive-analytical method based on a qualitative model with an explanatory approach of wise and structural-causal authority, first of all, the axes and examples of the American security influence in the Pahlavi period based on convincing documents and documents are considered and analyzed. The findings of the research indicate that America has focused on the authority of power in the country i. e. the king in order to influence the security field of this period due to the dictatorial government structure where most of the power is in the hands of the ruler and by influencing and dominating this,so the authority of power uses two intelligence and security institutions of the country (SAVAK and the army's counter-intelligence) for its goals and interests in Iran and the West Asia region.

The issue of cultural influence is one of the issues that has been receiving attention for a long time due to its threatening and anti-security nature. The main purpose of this study was to know the meaning of the enemy's cultural influence, its application and examples in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the infallibles. The main research question was: "What is the view of the Qur'an and the Sunnah about the meaning, application and examples of the enemy's cultural influence?".Considering the Qur'anic and narrative approach of this study, the findings showed that the terms "influence" and "cultural influence" were not directly and objectively used in the Quran and Sunnah; However, the equivalents and examples of these words have been used in verses and sunnah, the most of which are related to the enemies of God and Islam (the devil, hypocrites, infidels, polytheists and some tribes of the time of the past prophets). Examining the tools and ways of cultural influence and the solutions to deal with it is beyond the scope of this stydy and requires an independent research. The method of collecting data in this study was a library and a note taking tool, which was written in a descriptive-reporting and analytical way

. Infiltrating the general structures of Iran's Islamic society is not a new and emerging issue. The basis of western influence in all dimensions originates from a hegemonic thinking. that the need to neutralize this problem by using all the capacities, especially the thoughts of Imam Khamenei (Madzalah al-Aali) is necessary and important, and the purpose of this research is to provide Quranic solutions with an emphasis on the thought of Imam Khamenei (Madazlah al-Aali) in dealing with the influence of enemies. Iran's Islamic Revolution and this research was compiled with analytical-descriptive method (and in the structure of a qualitative study) with reference to books, articles, documents and leadership website. And the Quranic thoughts from Imam Khamenei's point of view can be examined from different aspects, especially in the framework of religious, political, social and economic parameters. In the religious sphere, strategies such as strengthening religious faith by adhering to Islam and the Quran, promoting worship and servitude in the political sphere, as strategies for recognizing the enemy, preserving independence and rejecting domination, strengthening the military base in the social sphere, as strategies for strengthening self-belief, a sense of self-confidence In the people, and in the economic field, he pointed to the solutions of development and resistance economy. Therefore, confronting the influence of the enemy in order to save the society from threats can become the basis for fundamental changes in the society's culture. Also, the studies have shown that from Imam Khamenei's point of view, fighting and confronting the influence

Hafez is one of the most prominent Persian language poets. In order to strengthen his poems, he paid special attention to the works of the past, among which we can mention the poems of Khajooye Kermani. Khajoo and Khajeh have spoken many times on various issues, including lyrical and mystical issues, in the verse of the Divan of Ghazals. In this research, using the foundations of Genet's intertextual theory, the fields of intellectual and verbal similarities of the two poets in the scope of these topics have been investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical and with a comparative approach. The results of the research indicate that Hafez's influence on Khajoo in the field of lyrical and mystical issues has been mainly of the hidden-intentional type and literary-artistic theft (copying and transfer / metamorphosis and exaggeration). The most important lyrical variable seen in the lyric poems of the two poets is related to the relationship between the lover and the beloved. Of course, Hafez, in connection with epistemological and mystical issues, has also paid attention to his Kermani counterpart. In general, it should be said that in most cases, Hafez, without mentioning Khajoo or mentioning the poet's reference to him by mentioning a sign, took the word and meaning from him and reflected it in his lyric poems. Also, it has been revealed that the main subtext of some verses is the Qur'an, from which both Khajoo and Khajeh have borrowed the principles of this divine book and strengthened their poetry.

In the last century, a group of Bronze Age composite stone female figurines, known as “Bactrian princesses”, appeared in the antique market, and were suspected to come from Afghanistan. Later, during scientific archaeological excavations, similar female figurines were discovered in southern Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran, corresponding to the Late Namazga V period. There are many discussions about the origin of this composite stone female figurine. Traditionally, it is believed that they have clear Elamite elements and were influenced by the culture of the southern Iranian plateau. From the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Central Asia, archaeological remains show close connections with the populations on the Iranian plateau. Clay female statues were used both in Central Asia and Iran for a long time, and based on them, statue tradition with local cultural characteristics was relatively independently developed. The new composite stone female statues in Namazga V were different from the early Central Asia traditions, which were made of clay and in a schematized shape. The decorations on the surface of these composite stone figurines have a great similarity with the images of elites from the Old Elamite Dynasty. Also, the stone materials, mainly chlorites and marbles, can be traced to southeastern Iran. The appearance of these composite stone figurines shows a change that happened in Southern Central Asia society, corresponding to the transition that people moved from Kopet Dag Piedmont to the Murghab Delta. The integration of Central Asian local culture and Iranian culture was ideologically reflected in these figurines.

Social network-based services are among the services that have been welcomed by smart phone users. Location recommendation is a popular service in social network. This service suggested the unvisited places to the users based on the is based on the users’ visiting histories and location related information such as location categories. The existing methods which utilize check-in data and category information, only consider temporal and spatial information. Since the influence of user’s social relations can play an important role in location recommendation since it can improve the algorithm performance. In this paper, a PCLRSGT method is developed that consider temporal, spatial and social components. The spatial component models a user’s probability of checking in to a location. The spatial model obtains user’s home location by using his check-in dataset. It calculates the distance from the location to the user’s home. The spatial PDF filters out those locations that are far away from a user’s home and are not in the users’ interest. These locations should not be recommended to the user. The temporal component employs similar users’ check-in probabilities to model a user’s probability of checking in to a location. It constructs users’ temporal curves to represent a user’s periodic check-in behavior. A User Temporal Curve U for category j is defined as a sequence of probability values. The probability value is denoted as that means probability of checking into category j in hour m (1≤m≤24).The probability sequence for user u into category is denoted as. Since the distances between users temporal curves are used to find users’ similarity, in this paper the distances are measured by curve coupling method. Temporal similarity is used to predict user’s probability of checking in to a location. The periodic behavior of a certain user is predicted by a weighted summation of the periodic behaviors of his similar users. If two users are more similar in terms of temporal similarity, they influence each other's periodic check-in behavior more. The social component models a user’s probability of checking in to a location by considering similarity between user and his friends in terms of social connection, periodic check-in behavior and check-in activities into locations. The social influence weight between two friends is concluded based on all three similarities between a user and his friends in terms of social connection, periodic check-in behavior and check-in activities into locations. Therefore, the social influence weight between two friends is calculated by combining the three above factors. The social influence weight between two friends is used to predict user’s probability of checking in to a location. The dataset employed in this paper was collected from Gowalla. Gowalla was one of the popular location based social network launched in 2007 and closed in 2012..The data set contains 1000 users and 15905 check-in records. A check-in record indicates a user has visited a location at a given time. It contains the user ID, location ID, and time stamp of the check-in. To evaluate the performance of the recommendation algorithm, the dataset was divided into training and testing datasets. So, one of the check-in records of each user was randomly moved to the testing dataset. The rest of the dataset formed the training dataset. As the result, the testing dataset contained 1000 check-in records, and the training dataset contained 14905 check-in records. In this paper, Precision and Recall were used to evaluate the performance of the location recommendation algorithm, which are widely accepted as the performance measurement for recommender systems. The performance of the proposed recommendation algorithm is compared with two existing location recommendation methods, Probabilistic Category-based Location Recommendation (PCLR) and Probabilistic Category-based Location Recommendation Utilizing Temporal influence and Geographical influence (sPCLR). The performance of proposed algorithm is reported by recommending top-N recommendation list in the testing set (N=1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20). Experimental result prove that PCLRTGS performed better than all other algorithms, in terms of both precision and recall about 10 to 15 percent. This proved that using the social influence helps to improve the location recommendation. It can also be observed that the precision value decreases when the number of recommendations increases. There are two reasons for the precision decreasing, the number of correct recommendations decreases when the number of recommendation increases, or the number of correct recommendation increases with a lower rate compared to the number of recommendations. We should check the recall values to see which one is true. It also is seen that the recall values increase as the number of recommendations increases. Since the number of correct answers is a constant value, so it can concluded that the number of correct recommendations is increasing when the number of recommendations are increasing.