Purpose: To report visual and anatomical outcome of flap loss after LASIK surgery for correction of high myopia. Materials & Methods: Retrospective evaluation of flap loss in two eyes of two patients, a rare complication of LASIK Surgery. Case No. 1: 27 y/o woman with Ref. OD -9.75; 2.75*177 VA. CC: 20/60 KR OD: 41.86*77 39.86 * 168 & partial amblyopia due to anisometropia. Case No. 2: 38 y/o woman with Ref OD. -9.50 1.0*177 VA CC: 20/30 KR OD: 42.06*77 40.99 * 167. Results: In both patients during LASIK surgery free cap complication occurred and after Laser therapy free cap positioned over the stromal bed, but the next day after operation flaps were lost. For case NO.1only medical management performed and after 4.5 years F/U cornea has 2° central haziness. For case NO.2 another corneal flap from donor globe cut and sutured with Nylon 10/0 and after 18 months F/U cornea is clear. Conclusion: In patients with flat keratometry less than 41.0 Diopter rate of free cap are high and after laser therapy for high myopia the keratometry became more flat. If surgeon doesn't suture flap the rate of flap loss increase so for prevent of corneal haziness and corneal ectazia this evaluation suppose to perform donor corneal flap graft.      

Purpose: Report a case of iatrogenic medial rectus loss in exotropia surgery and its management with review literature.Case Report: A 14-year-old female with a history of cerebral palsy and left exotropia underwent strabismus surgery in another center when she was 7 years old. As her surgeon reported, after 8 mm medial rectus resection, it was lost and he could not retrieve it; so, to balance the forces of adduction and abduction, the surgeon disinserted left lateral rectus, but 2 months later, because of large angle exotropia and severe limitation in adduction, she was referred to this center. We explored the area and could not find the lost medial rectus; so, half tendon transposition of superior rectus and inferior rectus to the previous insertion site of medial rectus was performed and left lateral rectus was fixated to the lateral orbital periosteum. Two months after the operation, she was orthotropic and ocular movements were significantly balanced.Conclusion: Half tendon transposition of vertical recti to the site of lost medial rectus associated with periosteal fixation of lateral rectus can improve the strabismus of lost medial rectus muscle.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Background and Aims: Caries and bone loss are the most common diseases in oral cavity. The prevalence of these diseases will be reduced by controlling their risk factors. In this study, bitewing radiographs of patients were examined to illustrate the relationship between caries and bone loss.Materials and Methods: One-hundred and fifty bitewing radiographs of 86 patients were evaluated. In these radiographs, caries and distance between alveolar crest and CEJ were measured. In addition, confounding variables (contact type, tooth type, tooth surface) were assessed. Furthermore, patients were asked about the use of other possible risk factors of bone loss like smoking, brushing, and flossing. The data were analyzed using Regression analysis.Results: Findings of this study showed that the relationship between caries and bone loss was significant (P=0.02). Also, there were significant relationships between flossing (P=0.03), tooth type (P=0.0001) tooth surface (P=0.02) and bone loss. Finally the multivariate analyses considering confounding variables illustrate significant relationship between caries and bone loss (P=0.0001(Conclusion: Caries and bone loss have important roles as the risk factors for each other. Thus, it is necessary to prevent these risk factors and treat them as soon as possible to reduce these diseases.

Introduction: Eye trauma is a common cause of one-sided blindness in children and teenagers. Blunt trauma can cause rupture of orbital cavity and the herniation of its content may affect the nearby sinuses leading to hemorrhage in the anterior chamber (hyphema).Traumatic hyphema that specially happens in the eyes with blunt trauma can be followed by high infra ocular pressure, corneal staining, cataract, injury of the optic nerve and sever loss of visual acuity (VA). Early diagnosis and treatment of this complication can prevent the later and worst complications. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of traumatic hyphema and its complications in eye blunt trauma.Materials and Methods: According to a cross- sectional descriptive protocol, we studied 83 patients with eye blunt trauma who referred to the eye clinics of Bahman 22nd and Farabi hospitals. A formal questionnaire was designed to be completed for personal particularities of each patient as well as the information about the examinations of orbit, cornea, AC, lens and optic nerves. In addition, the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) and initial VA were recorded. Then we analyzed these records and evaluated the prevalence of hyphema and its complications in eye blunt trauma.Results: This study shows that hyphema is a common complication of eye blunt trauma that occurs in approximately 50% of the patients with eye blunt trauma.36.1% of the patients were in the age group of 20-40 years old with an average age of 36.7 years. There were 65.9% males and 34.1% females. The most common causes of trauma included projectiles (48.8%) and assaults (36.6%). The most common associated symptoms with hyphema included red eye (56.09%) and dark vision (48.7%).The most frequent occurring complications included sever decrease of initial VA (75.6%) and high IOP (48.8%).Conclusion: Hyphema is a common complication of eye blunt trauma that may lead to other complications like sever loss of VA and high IOP. So, thinking of and searching for hyphema in any patient with eye blunt trauma can help us to diagnose it at early stages and prevent other complications.

Introduction: Regarding the high incidence rate of hyperlipidemia in the society and the adverse effects of its complications including the occurrence of hearing loss in some of the patients, we decided to do this research.Materials and Methods: This is a cohort study, in cooperation with ENT units of Islamic Azad University Mashhad Hospitals, which was carried out in 2008-2009 in Mashhad to assess the effect of hyperlipidemia on hearing. Ninety hyperlipidemic cases and 90 controls that were matched in terms of both age (two groups 30-50 years and 50-70 years) and sex entered the study. All the cases answered the questionnaire before the tests of audiometry. Then, those who were diagnosed with impaired hearing due to other factors rather than hyperlipidemia were excluded from the study. Audiologic exams on 180 cases (including both the case and control groups) included pure tone audiometry, diapasonic tests and otoscopy.Results: This study revealed that there was a significant difference in hearing loss in 5 frequencies (250, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 HZ) between two groups of case and control (P<0.05).Hypertriglyceridemic patients showed a distinct hearing loss in 4 frequencies (250, 2000, 4000, 8000 HZ) comparing the control group and hypercholesterolemic patients (P<0.05). Hypercholesterolemic patients were found to have hearing loss just in 1000 HZ of frequency, as compared to the control group and hypertriglyceridemic patients. Also, the findings of this study suggest that the sex of the patients had no influence on hearing loss (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to our results, regular and periodic tests of audiometry are recommended for the hyperlipidemic patients to find out a history of audiologic problems and ultimately prevent the subsequent complications.

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The hypothesis that oral, especially periodontal, infections have potentially serious systemic implications, is now gaining credence.Methods and Materials: Cases were 45-60 years old patients who had been hospitalized in one of cardiologic care units or emergency wards of Isfahan Medical University, for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Controls had no evidence of acute myocardial infarction, all receiving comprehensive periodontal examination. Information such as age, socioeconomic state, smoking, and diabetes history were obtained from hospital records and direct interview. A total number of %6 people participated in our study, based on informed consent, were designated as two groups of case and control. The association between mean attachment level and number of missing teeth with studied groups were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.Results: The association of the mean attachment level and also the number of missing teeth with case status were statically significant associated (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results are in accordance with those reports that show the positive association between these two diseases. Our findings suggest that the patients who demonstrate evidence of attachment loss around several teeth, at routine dental visit can be identified as being at risk for future AMI. Such subjects should be referred for medical and periodontal examination and treatment.

Purpose: the aim of thos survey is establishment of an animal model through which a rapid distortion of the hair cell of cochlea administering amikacin and furosemide and using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) the functioning of rat’s ear would be assessed.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague dawley rats (with average of weight 200-250g, 12 weeks post natal) were randomly divided into six equal groups. Except the control group the rest received 0.5mg/g, 0.75mg/g, 1mg/g, 1.25mg/g, and 1.5mg/g, of subcutaneous amikacin respectively. 30 minutes later every rat received 0.1mg/g of furosemide intrapritoneally. DPOAE of rats was measured prior to these injections and 72 hours later. Then tissue section of the rat’s cochlea was prepared.Data were analyzed by means of SPSS (version 17) and ANOVA test and paired sample T test at the significant level of p£0.05.Results: All the cases had a significant decrease in their DPOAE with the frequencies 2KHz-8KHz (p£0.05). The most change in DPOAE was in rats which had received 1mg/g–1.5mg/g amikacin. Histological studies approved distortion of hair cell even within the apical turn.Conclusion: To establish a deafness model due to losing hair cells, it is recommended to use a combination of 1mg/g amikacin and 0.1mg/g furosemide. Besides, DPOAE can be used to approve deafness.