Conversation and assurance issues play a crucial function when talking regarding to the wise grid. This paper presents opportunities of testing power framework assurance transfers and correspondence standards for smart supply. In this paper, a depiction in the Smart Grid lab hardware and the key protection devices has been presented. Further employ cases and the possibilities by dynamically setting up devices and program interaction are demonstrated. Ideas for the mix of checked and controllable decentralized vitality sources are demonstrated, and the network capacity and Quality of Services (QoS) are tested and evaluated. By implementing adaptive modulation scheme, the served users were increased by 10% at heavy Traffic Load (TL).

Compared to individual DC or AC microgrids, Hybrid microgrids (HMGs) are more efficient and inexpensive due to the elimination of multiple DC-AC-DC conversions. In HMGs, where AC loads are supplied by a DC link, load demand disturbance has direct negative effects on the DC link voltage. In this study, primary and secondary controllers are applied to realize suitable operation conditions and control the microgrid converters. Each converter has a primary controller to compensate for the demand power fluctuations. A secondary controller is also designed for extra demand varieties to send the proper control signals to the primary controllers. The expressed capability of the primary controllers can be obtained by designing a simple and robust secondary controller. Hence, the effects of demand fluctuations are eliminated and the system is stabilized. The overall state space model of the system is conducted for stability analysis. To demonstrate the proposed controller efficiency, a prototype HMG is modeled and simulated. The stability analysis reveals that the system is stable when the secondary controller tracks the error signal of the DC link. Simulation results show that the proposed method could efficiently manage the AC side voltage under load fluctuations.

Variation of frequency and voltage by load changes in a microgrid is a challenge in droop control method. Centralized restoration frequency or voltage in a microgrid requires communication link and therefore affects the advantage of decentralized droop control such as reliability, simplicity and inexpensiveness. This paper proposes a decentralized method that restores the frequency of a microgrid without any communication link and maintains these advantages. The method detects signal changing by wavelet transform (WT) to synchronize distributed energy resource (DER) that interfaced by converter to microgrid. Its operation principle and control method are explained and analyzed. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper deals with the optimal scheduling of a microgrid (MG) equipped with dispatchable distributed generators (DGs), renewable generators and electrical storages (batteries). A chance-constrained model is developed to handle normal operation and emergency conditions of MG including DG outage and unwanted islanding. Purchasing reserve from the upstream grid is also considered. Moreover, the uncertainties of loads and renewable resources are incorporated into the model. Furthermore, a novel probabilistic formulation is presented to determine the amount of required reserve in different conditions of MG by introducing separate probability distribution functions (PDFs) for each condition. Accordingly, an index named as the probability of reserve sufficiency (PRS) is introduced. The presented model keeps a given value of PRS in normal and emergency conditions of MG operation. In addition, some controllable variables are added to the chance constraints as an innovative technique to reduce the complexity of the model. Finally, a test microgrid is studied in different case studies and the results are evaluated.

The future microgrids (MGs) hosting a great deal of uncertain and intermittent local renewable generations are envisioned to need for fast and flexible units in the generation side. Demand response, however, as a load shaping tool can alleviate the needs. This paper proposes a model to consider demand response potentials activated by time-varying prices in MG design studies. The model aims at maximizing MG owner’ s profit while technical limits and constraints are adhered. The model also ensures that the designed MG is resilient against islanding events. To handle complexity of the model, Benders decomposition is used to decompose the model into a master problem and two types of sub-problems. The master problem optimizes binary variables indicating installing status of generating units and batteries. The first type of sub-problems optimizes continuous variables, and the second ensures the resilient operation of the MG against islanding events. In the model, the uncertainties associated with load and intermittent generation resources are captured via a scenario-based stochastic approach. The demand behavior in response to time-varying prices is modeled via price elasticity coefficients. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through extensive numerical studies and sensitivity analyses.

DC microgrid is turning out to be more popular due to its appealing features such as high efficiency, excellent power quality, low cost and controllability. As the control strategies plays a key role in achieving the desired objectives such as power quality, power sharing, voltage regulation and efficiency. It is necessary to understand the classification and operation of control strategies in DC microgrids. From the control point of view, the traditional droop control methods are commonly employed for regulating proportional load sharing. However, depending on the primary control makes it challenging to maintain stable and coordinated operation in terms of maintaining both the voltage regulation and load sharing accuracy simultaneously in DC microgrids. So to avoid the trade-off in voltage regulation and power sharing accuracy, secondary control layers need to be introduced in the control structure. In this paper a review of primary control and secondary control methods (centralized, decentralized and distributed control) were discussed in detail with the classification along with the advantages and shortcomings of the control methods.

Micro grids are applied not only generate power, but also producing a sinusoidal output voltage and supplying nonlinear loads. In this paper, using A current control scheme for selective harmonic compensation is proposed for shunt active power filters. In the active power filters using voltage source converters that are capable of dual-use technology to improve the quality of the selected compensation can be paid. Using this system, an improved individual harmonic and THD with these requirements will be modified. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for compensating current harmonics to an acceptable level.