The problem of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal identity.

Empowerment has been increasingly regarded as an essential management strategy that aids organizations’ development and success in the challenging and competitive business environment. The aim of current study was analyzing the effect of person-job fit and person-organization fit on psychological empowerment. The research statistical population included the all employees of Sepahan Battery Company. The person-organization fit (values congruence and goals congruence) and person-job fit questionnaires of Vogel and Feldman, person-organization fit (work environment congruence and personality congruence) questionnaire of Scroggins and psychological empowerment questionnaire of Hatami and Dastar was used for gathering the required data. Content validity and construct validity has used to examine validity and Cronbach‘ s Alpha Coefficient was applied to assess the reliability. The result demonstrate that the questionnaire has suitable validity and reliability. The factorial analysis and testing of structural equations model were performed using AMOS software. The result showed that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between person-organization fit and psychological empowerment. The impact of person-job fit on psychological empowerment was not confirmed

Introduction: Age estimation is a role of forensic medicine in both developing and developed countries. This role is very important in application of many penal rules all over the world. We can estimate the age by examination of teeth, evaluation of ossification centers and secondary sexual features.Discussion: Age estimation is highly accurate in the first twenty years of life. The Time of appearance of primary and permanent teeth has made the age estimation so simple and is apparent in OPG graphy. Appearance of ossification centers and fusion of them gives helpful information for age estimation in living individuals. For age estimation in senile subjects, fusion of cranial sutures is important.Conclusion: Secondary sexual features are helpful not accurately. The main aspect of an expert report for age estimation should contain the most likely age for the person examinated and/or determination of the degree of coordination between estimated and real age and whether the age is more thanpenal age or not.

The problem of "personal identity" is among the problems that are applicable to the resurrection life as well as the earthly one. Because based on personal identity and its criteria it would, on the one hand, be determined whether a person who is now, for example, seventy years old is the same person who was twenty years old fifty years ago, and it would, on the other hand, be known that whether or not the resurrected person is identical with the earthly one. Thinkers has introduced a variety of criteria for personal identity, of which one of the most important is "soul". But rejecting soul, as an immaterial substance, John Hick regards human being as a psychophysical unity and, as a result, "body" would be the criterion for personal identity. Taking bodily resurrection and reconstitution of body for granted, he demonstrates the identity between the resurrected and the earthly persons by showing that their bodies are identical. He, as mentioned above, means by "body" both the physical and psychological aspects of the human being which constitute a unity. Hick sets up three situations through which he tries to prove that though the body in the resurrection world is the "replica" of the earthly body, but nevertheless these two bodies and, therefore, these two persons are the same. Hick's view is criticized by philosophers such as Penelhum, Olding, Clarke, Audi and Flew, and he has replied to some of them.