Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

مقدمه: سلامت انسان ها و در نتیجه سلامت جامعه، نقش موثری در توسعه و توانمندی جامعه دارد. سلامت، محور توسعه است و سطح سلامتی جامعه نیز از توسعه یافتگی آن تاثیر می پذیرد.هدف: هدف این پژوهش، بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان پسر مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران در سال تحصیلی 1388 می باشد.مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی می باشد. در این مطالعه تعداد 1000 دانش آموز پسر 14-12 ساله که در مدارس مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران مشغول به تحصیل بودند، به صورت نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسش نامه و برگه ثبت مشاهدات بود. جمع آوری داده ها از طریق مراجعه به مدارس و بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان، تکمیل پرسش نامه توسط دانش آموزان و تکمیل برگه ثبت مشاهدات توسط پژوهشگر بر اساس مشاهده انجام شد، که جهت معاینه از ابزارهایی مانند: متر، ترازو، چارت اسنلن، دیاپازون، آبسلانگ، چراغ قوه و دستکش یک بار مصرف استفاده گردید.نتایج: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که میانه وزن و قد پسران در تمام گروه های سنی، از میانه استاندارد رشد پایین تر بود. به طور کلی وزن 4.6 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 29.2 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 54.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند و به طور کلی قد 3.2 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 32.6 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 52.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند. از نظر وضعیت بینایی، 25.8 درصد از آزمودنی ها، حداقل یک چشم دارای حدت بینایی کمتر از 0.9 داشتند. در رابطه با وضعیت شنوایی، 8.4 درصد دانش آموزان دچار کاهش شنوایی بودند. از نظر دندانی، 72 درصد دارای پوسیدگی بودند. هم چنین اسکولیوزیس، کیفوزیس و لوردوزیس به ترتیب در 6.8 درصد، 2.4 درصد و 3.9 درصد از دانش آموزان دیده شدند و تنها بین میزان تحصیلات پدر و میانگین تعداد فرزندان خانواده با دی ام اف تی، رابطه همبستگی وجود داشت.نتیجه گیری: یافته های این پژوهش، لزوم توجه بیشتر به بهداشت دهان و دندان، بهداشت تغذیه و ورزش، سلامت بینایی، شنوایی و دستگاه اسکلتی در نزد دانش آموزان را نشان می دهد.

A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, physical, and cultural dimensions of rural settlements in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on rural physical identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the identity changes of rural settlements in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism development and rural identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the physical development of rural settlements? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with rural life (3/58) and rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the physical dimensions of rural settlements in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism development plays a vital role in the development of rural physical identity in the region. So that the proportion of rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of development. Today, rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to rural development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed rural areas,  and leads to changes in the physical dimensions and physical identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism development in the physical identity of  rural settlements located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the physical identity change of rural settlements, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to rural life and Compliance with the physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the physical development of rural settlements from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism development on the development of physical identity changes in rural settlements in the study area. Thus, the development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in rural physical identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the physical identity of rural settlements at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the physical changes and, consequently, the physical identity of the rural settlements. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Due to its special natural and geographical conditions, the city of Tonekabon is susceptible to many shocks, including earthquakes and floods, which brings the need to pay attention to urban resilience. The present study was conducted to analyze the state of urban neighborhoods from the perspective of urban resilience components. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The research's statistical population was comprised of citizens living in Tonekabon city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software programs. The findings of this research showed that the overall resilience of Tonekabon city is in an unfavorable situation. In such a way, the average experimental value obtained for the overall resilience of the city and its dimensions was lower than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Karim Abad neighborhood, in which the overall average obtained was equal to 2.78, was in a better condition than other localities, and Tonekabon neighborhood, according to the average (2.39), was in an unfavorable condition among the studied localities. Among the other research findings, among the components of urban resilience, the physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.490 has the most significant impact and was ranked first, followed by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.348. In third place is the administrative, institutional factor with a path coefficient of 0.327 and in fourth place is the social dimension with a path coefficient of 0.264.

هدف: علم اصطلاح شناسی حوزه میان رشته ای و فرارشته ای علم است که با مفاهیم و بازنمودهای آن (اصطلاحات، نمادها و ...) سروکار دارد. هدف از این مقاله واکاوی اصطلاح physical Literacyبه منظور معرفی بهترین معادل فارسی برای آن است.روش شناسی: در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش مطالعه ی سندی و کتابخانه ای، به مطالعه ی متون و منابع موجود پرداخته شد. سپس با مقایسه بین زمینه ای، کاربردهای اصطلاح physical Literacy نمایان شد.یافته ها: محقق ابتدا معانی لغوی و اصطلاحی تک تک واژه تشکیل دهنده اصطلاح physical Literacy را مورد بررسی قرار داد و سپس به بررسی کل ترکیب اسمی physical Literacy پرداخت. در نهایت با معرفی زمینه کاربرد این اصطلاح و تبیین نویسندگان مرجع در خصوص دلایل انتخاب این اصطلاح به بهترین معادل فارسی دست یافت. نتیجه-گیری: بهترین معادل فارسی برای اصطلاح physical Literacy ، «سواد جسمانی» است. بنابراین سایر معادل ها معرفی شده همچون «سواد بدنی» و «سواد حرکتی» معادل جامع و صحیحی برای اصطلاح physical Literacy نیستند.

1مقدمه: امروزه سرطان به عنوان یکی از بزرگترین مشکلات سلامت عمومی و دومین عامل مرگ ومیر در جهان شناخته شده است و با توجه به شیوع بالا از معضلات اصلی بهداشتی در سراسر دنیا به شمار می رود. امروزه راهکارهای درمانی زیادی از جمله شیمی درمانی برای درمان سرطان در بیماران وجود دارد. شیمی درمانی در واقع به کارگیری داروهای آنتی نئوپلاستیک به تنهایی و یا به صورت ترکیبی با سایر داروها می باشد. البته، این داروها می توانند به عملکرد سلول های سالم نیز آسیب برسانند و عوارض جانبی فراوانی ایجاد کنند. از داروهای پرکاربرد در شیمی درمانی، خانواده دارویی آنتراسایکلین ها هستند و از گروه دارویی آنتراسایکلین ها می توان به دوکسوروبیسین، دانوروبیسین و اپیروبیسین اشاره کرد که پرکاربردترین آن ها دوکسوروبیسین است که سمیت قلبی ناشی از آن در بیماران تحت شیمی درمانی بسیار شایع است که متاسفانه درمان قطعی و مطمئنی برای آن وجود ندارد. استراتژی های مختلفی جهت کاهش اثرات سمی دوکسوروبیسین بر بافت های غیر هدف به کار گرفته شده است که از این بین می توان به استفاده از گیاهان دارویی ، رژیم غذایی و نیز انواع مختلف تمرینات طولانی مدت با هدف افزایش سطح آنتی اکسیدانی بافت اشاره کرد. بنابراین تعیین برنامه تمرینی و تغذیه مناسب با در نظر گرفتن شرایط جسمانی برای بیماران سرطانی که تحت درمان شیمی درمانی قرار دارند بسیار مهم است،. لذا مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف تعیین اثرات سمیت سلولی DOX  بر روی بافت قلب و فواید فعالیت بدنی منظم و مصرف مکمل کورکومین بررسی و مورد بحث قرار گرفت. نتیجه گیری: مصرف کورکومین به همراه تمرین هوازی به احتمال زیاد می تواند به عنوان یک کاندیدای بالقوه مفید برای محافظت از سمیت سلول های قلبی ناشی از داروی دوکسوروبیسین باشد که به منظور جلوگیری از رشد و پیشرفت سلول های سرطانی در بیماران استفاده می شود.

در معماری و شهرسازی امروز تمایل بر این فرض است که سازماندهی های فضایی منتج از طراحی های منظم کالبدی، می توانند جوابگو و یا جانشین نظم کالبدی سازماندهی های فضایی منتج از ساختار های ذهنی استفاده کنندگان آن فضاها باشند - طراحی های کالبدی که بر اساس نظریه های عمومی نظم دهی از قبیل فرم های هندسی، قرینگی، همانندی، تکرار، ریتم و یا غیره بنا می شوند. لیکن، مفاهیم "سازماندهی منظم کالبدی" (order) و "سازماندهی کالبدی با نظم ساختاری" (structure) همانند هم نیستند. جوامع، نظم های ساختاری خویش - اعم از "ذهنی" و "کالبدی"- را تنها در طول "زمان" در می یابند. لذا، در حالی که یک سازماندهی کالبدی به ظاهر نامنظم ولی ساختاری می تواند برای استفاده کنندگانش خوانا و گویا باشد یک ترکیب بندی حجمی (composition) صرفا با نظم کالبدی بالا می تواند بسیار نامفهوم و نامشخص باشد. این نکته به آن اشاره می کند که "اصول کاربردی" عملکرد ساختارهای محیط - که دایما تابع "ارتباطات و مبادلات روزمره زندگی اجتماعی" هستند - تنها توسط "اصول سمبلیک" نظم ساختارهای محیط - که عملا تابع "تولیدات اجتماعی فضا در طول زمان" هستند - کنترل و توسعه می یابند، و هر دوی این اصول چه "کاربردی" و چه "سمبلیک" در فقدان دیگری قادر به ارزیابی و تکامل یکدیگر نیستند.با این بیان، در جستجو و پژوهش برای مفهوم نظم ساختاری، چه در روند تولید محیط کالبدی و چه تغییرات آن، "زمان" و "اطلاعات مبادله شده" نقش بنیادینی بازی می کنند. به این معنا، نظم ساختارهای کالبدی مسوولیت انتقال نظم ساختارهای ذهنی جوامع خود را در "طول زمان" دارا می باشد. لیکن، این انتقال زمانی صورت می گیرد که دو روند تجرید (abstraction) و تبلور (crystalization) سمبولیک "اطلاعات" (information) و "فرضیات فی ما بین اطلاعات" (hypothesis) محیط، به موازات هم در طول زمان عمل نمایند. این انتقال، در روند تجرید و تبلور ساختارهای کالبدی، دو بعد "عناصر کالبدی" (elements) و "روابط فی مابین عناصر کالبدی" (relations) در فضا را شامل می گردد. در این راستا، نوشتار حاضر تاکید دارد که تنها با توجه به روند تکاملی روابط ساختاری این عناصر و اجزای پراکنده در فضای کالبدی است که می توان سمبل هایی از بیان حجمی اتحادی از خود (self)، مکان (place) و محیط (environment) را در مراکز ساختارهای کالبدی - از جمله مراکز کالبدی اسلامی ایرانی - محفوظ و "پویا" نگاه داشت.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of access to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing planning. Access to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.