Background and Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training on the attention of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Farsan City in 2021. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all students aged 7 to 12 years with ADHD (n=180) in the city of Farsan. Thirty children diagnosed with mixed ADHD were selected using purposive sampling from clients of the Sobhe Omid Counseling Center in Farsan, following diagnosis by a psychiatrist and the completion of a children's symptoms questionnaire. These children were assessed using a Continuous Performance Test for sustained attention and impulsivity. A working memory training software and a structured short-term play therapy protocol specifically designed for children with ADHD were utilized. For data analysis, mixed-design ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were applied. Results: The results showed that cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training affected the attention of children with ADHD in Farsan City (P<0.01, F=6.132, Eta=0.321). However, there was no difference in the effectiveness of cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training, and the effects of these interventions remained lasting. Conclusion: Therefore, both interventions can be utilized to reduce impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

In this paper the author suggests a practical way to strengthen the moral faculty of children by means of literature and play. Firstly, two examples of cognitive moral development approach, Piaget's and Kohlberg's, are briefly introduced and discussed. by considering some feminists' objections to this approach, the author reviews Gilligan's alternative, narrative/hermeneutic approach to moral development. Then he defines metaphor, both conceptual and non-linguistic and concludes that play, especially pretend play, is a kind of extended conceptual metaphor. This definition can help us realize the potentiality of literature and play as two main sources of children's moral development in the context of a narrative-based approach.