Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

Cloze was officially introduced in a journal on Journalism as a technique for estimating text readability and as "a new psychological tool for measuring the effectiveness of communication" (Taylor, 1953: 415). Different varieties of cloze have since been developed and experimented upon as measures of such diverse traits as reading comprehension and language proficiency. The findings of numerous corrleational studies on cloze as a measure of either skill is at best unsatisfactory and indeed contradictory. The present study seeks to find an answer to the question of whether standard cloze (with different text difficulty levels) is a valid measure of EFL reading comprehension (with IELTS Reading Paper as the criterion). 76 junior and senior students majoring in English Language and Literature at Urmia University participated in the study, where they sat 3 versions of standard 5-th deletion rate cloze tests as well as the Reading Paper of an Institutional IELTS (UCLES, 1995, 1997). While the results are in accordance with most previous research findings that cloze is a valid measure of EFL reading comprehension, serious problems are identified and discussed on the appropriacy of such a validation technique as correlation.

Introduction: Values are central elements of the personality and constructive blocks of good life and are considered as criteria for guiding thought and practice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the portrait values questionnaire. Method: This research was a descriptive-analytic study that was a confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis. The sample consisted of 300 student teachers in Tehran who were selected by available sampling method and completed Portrait Values Questionnaire and value in action. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed ten factors which in total, explained 12. 43% of the total variance of the questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed ten factors which in total, explained 74/12% of the total variance of the questionnaire. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, in addition to confirming the results of exploratory factor analysis, showed that these ten factors ultimately affect the two factors of general orientation social-focused and person-focused. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0. 91) and test-retest test (0. 89). Also, the positive relationship between the factors of this questionnaire and the values in action questionnaire confirmed the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that this questionnaire has good psychometric properties for measuring personal values in non-clinical group.

Referring to hadiths in understanding religious teachings is a familiar practice in religious thought,From the very beginning of Islam, Muslim scholars referred to hadiths to understand the depth of religion. Therefore, when it comes to benefiting from hadiths in a specific field of knowledge such as medicine, the use of its content becomes particularly important and the necessity of an expert look at the subject. Arises. Today, due to the general popularity and extreme approaches to traditional and Islamic medicine, we are witnessing the occurrence of unfortunate consequences in the field of public health, which can cast doubts on all religious propositions,Although the approach of scholars is different when faced with different medical traditions, the majority of Muslim scholars consider it necessary to present narrations based on the rules of criticism and refinement of hadith. And considering the many challenges and complexities that exist in this type of narrations, it is necessary for experts to review them. In this article, by examining the point of view of hadith scholars, the documentary and textual foundations of the validity of medical narrations have been examined, and in the documentary validity of medical narrations, Islamic scholars agree on the acceptance of frequent medical narrations that are subject to evidence of authenticity, and the validity of medical narrations that are not subject to evidence. which was narrated by Thaqa, like other hadiths, they are divided into two categories and there are differences of opinion. Considering the experimental nature of the subject of medicine, the criterion of non-contradiction with experience and scientific findings is particularly important among the general criteria of text criticism. We also mentioned some of the criteria in the external criticism, the criteria that can be helpful in solving the complexities of this category of narrations, such as measuring the authenticity of the narration and books and checking the health of the narration in terms of distortion and correctness, intersection and transfer in meaning.

Some of the prayers that are prevalent among Muslims and can be found in some of the prayer books are not as valid as a hadith text. One of the wellknown prayers among the people is Adileh Prayer. Investigating the history and background of this prayer in ancient texts,the amount of attention of the religious scholars, the Islamic jurisprudents and the interpreters to this prayer,as well as documentary critiques and its content analysis pave the way to access its validity or invalidity. Hence, the current study attempts to explore the extent of the validity of this prayer in a descriptive and analytical approach. A famous text that has the name of the Adileh Prayer, and is attributed to Imam Ali (P. B. U. H) can lead the investigators to the invalidity of the prayer for some reasons including the unanimous narrators of the text of the prayer, the lack of authenticity in the hadith and prayer textbooks, as well as some of the textual, contextual and content controversies.