IRANIAN CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING | Year:2012 | دوره:19 |Papers Count:109

IN THIS PAPER, WE PROPOSE A NEW AND EFFICIENT MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKER WHICH HANDLES OCCLUSION ALONG THE SEQUENCE OF FRAMES. OUR POINT-BASED ALGORITHM IS DESIGNED FOR SPERM TRACKING WITH VARIANT MOTILITY AND IS DEVELOPED IN TWO STEPS, I.E., EDGE GENERATION AND EDGE MATCHING EXTENSION. IN GENERATION STEP CORRESPONDING DETECTED POINTS ALONG THE FRAMES, WHICH IN FACT REPRESENT THE OBJECTS IN EACH FRAME, ARE LINKED THROUGH EDGES TO EACH OTHER BASED ON THE DISTANCE AND CORRELATION CRITERIA AND IN THE EXTENSION STEP, PROBABLE MISMATCHED POINTS ARE DISCOVERED AND INCOMPLETE TRAJECTORIES ARE PRECISELY MERGED BY MEANS OF COMPARING THE FREQUENCY PROPERTIES OF A SPERM DIRECTION SIGNAL. WE EVALUATE OUR PROPOSED METHOD BY COMPARISON ITS RESULTS WITH THOSE GENERATED BY EXISTING COMMERCIAL SPERM ANALYZER SOFTWARE, THE GROUND TRUTH AND THE COMMON PARTICLE FILTER TRACKER. WE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF REAL SEMEN SAMPLES WITH VARIANT SPERM DATA FOR DERIVING OUR RESULT WHICH WE GOT FROM THE ROYAN INFERTILITY CLINIC. THE EVALUATION DEMONSTRATES THAT OUR SIMPLE APPROACH TRACKS OBJECTS WITH VERY HIGH PRECISION AND IS COMPLETELY ROBUST AGAINST OCCLUSION ANDMISDETECTION. RESULTS ILLUSTRATE THAT OUR APPROACH IS WORTH TO BE IN COMMERCIAL AREA

SIGNATURE IS A PHYSICAL DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLEX MOTOR PROCESSES. THE PROBLEM, GENERALLY STATED, IS HOW RELATIVE SIMPLICITY IN BEHAVIOR EMERGES FROM THE CONSIDERABLE COMPLEXITY OF THE PERCEPTION-ACTION SYSTEM THAT PRODUCES THE BEHAVIOR WITHIN AN INFINITELY VARIABLE BIOMECHANICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT. TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM, WE PRESENT EVIDENCES THAT INDICATE MOTOR CONTROL DYNAMIC IS CHAOTIC PROCESS. THIS CHAOTIC DYNAMIC MAY EXPLAIN A RICHER ARRAY OF TIME SERIES BEHAVIOR IN MOTOR SKILL OF SIGNATURE. IN ORDER TO, NONLINEAR ANALYSIS IS A POWERFUL APPROACH AND SUITABLE TOOL WHICH SEARCH FOR CHARACTERIZING DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS THROUGH CONCEPTS SUCH AS FRACTAL DIMENSION AND LYAPUNOV EXPONENT. SO ADEQUATE DATA SAMPLE FOR NONLINEAR ANALYSIS AND RESULTS MUST BE STABLE AND RELIABLE, WITH CONCATENATION OF 20 SIGNATURE SAMPLES WHICH PROVIDE TIME SERIES LONG ENOUGH. AS A RESULT, THEY CAN BE ANALYZED IN THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITIONS. FROM THE RESULTS, WE OBSERVED A NONINTEGER VALUES FOR THE CORRELATION DIMENSION INDICATING LOW DIMENSIONAL DETERMINISTIC DYNAMICS. THIS RESULT IS CONFIRMED BY USING SURROGATE DATA TESTS. WE ALSO USE THE TIME SERIES TO CALCULATE THE LARGEST LYAPUNOV EXPONENT AND OBTAIN A POSITIVE VALUE. THESE RESULTS MAKE UP IMPORTANT EVIDENCE THAT SIGNATURE DATA IS RESULT OF CHAOS IN A NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL.

IT IS PROVED THAT THE ENDOTHELIAL (ARTERY INNER LUMEN CELLS) FUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS. OF ALL THE CURRENT NON-INVASIVE TESTS EMPLOYED IN THE RESEARCH SETTING, FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION IS THE MOST WIDELY USED FOR ASSESSING ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION. THIS TECHNIQUE MEASURES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION BY INDUCING REACTIVE HYPEREMIA VIA TEMPORARY ARTERIAL OCCLUSION AND MEASURING THE RESULTANT RELATIVE INCREASE IN BLOOD VESSEL DIAMETER VIA ULTRASOUND. IN THIS PAPER, THE LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUE ARE OVERCOME BY USING THE PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM (PPG) SIGNAL RECORDED DURING FMD. THE CORRECTNESS OF THIS APPROACH IS INVESTIGATED BY MODELING THE AC CHANGES OF PPG AFTER FMD BY A 2ND ORDER AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL. A SENSITIVITY OF 78.6%, SPECIFICITY OF 81.6% AND TOTAL ACCURACY OF 80% WERE ACHIEVED IN CLASSIFICATION OF 16 HEALTHY AND 14 DIABETIC SUBJECTS.

IN THIS INVESTIGATION, A HYDROXYAPATITE/CARBON NANOTUBES COMPOSITE COATING WAS FORMED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ON A NITI SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (SMA) THROUGH ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION USING STABLE SUSPENSION WHICH WAS PREPARED BY ADDING 4 G NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE POWDER AND 1 WT. % CNTS TO 50 ML N-BUTANOL AND STABILIZED USING TRIETHYLENAMINE AS DISPERSANT. SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS, ADHESION STRENGTH, STABILITY AND BIOACTIVITY OF THE COMPOSITE COATING WERE SUBSEQUENTLY STUDIED. EDX EXAMINATION OF THE SURFACE OF COMPOSITE COATINGS REVEALED THAT HOMOGENEOUS DISPERSION OF CARBON NANOTUBES OVER COATING. ALSO, THE BONDING STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE COATING WAS FOUND TO BE ABOUT 24 MPA. COMPARED TO DISC NITI SMA SAMPLE COATED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE AND COATED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE/CARBON NANOTUBES, THE BODE AND NYQIST PLOTS OF NITI SMA SAMPLES WITH HYDROXYAPATITE/CARBON NANOTUBES COMPOSITE COATING SUGGESTED THAT THE COMPOSITE COATING WAS CHEMICALLY MORE STABLE AND PROVIDED CORROSION RESISTANCE FOR NITI SMA. IN-VITRO BIOACTIVITY TEST IN SBF SHOWED THAT THE PRESENCE OF CNTS IN HA/CNTS COMPOSITE COATING DOES NOT HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECT ON ABILITY OF APATITE FORMATION.

IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT ARTERIAL BARORECEPTOR REFLEX FUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN HUMAN SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION AND IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. THEREFORE, A SYSTEM CONSISTS OF NERVE STIMULATOR AND A REAL TIME BLOOD PRESSURE RECORDER HAS BEEN DESIGNED AND CHARACTERIZED FOR INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF CAROTID SINUS NERVE STIMULATING IN DRUG-RESISTANT HYPERTENSION STUDIES. BLOOD PRESSURE SIGNALS WERE SUCCESSFULLY ANALYZED IN SYSTEM AND SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC/MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE WERE DISPLAYED ON LCD. THE STIMULATOR COULD DELIVER PRECISE TRAINS OF ASYMMETRIC BIPHASIC CURRENT PULSES USING A HOWLAND CURRENT SOURCE, WITH REGULATED ELECTRODE BIAS-VOLTAGE FOR SAFE NEURAL STIMULATION, TO THE ELECTRODES. WE CONSIDERED ALL PATTERNS OF ELECTRICAL PULSES AS FIX PARAMETERS AND ONLY CHANGES IN FREQUENCY HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED IN THIS WORK (AMPLITUDE OF POSITIVE PHASE IOUT+=+1MA, AMPLITUDE OF NEGATIVE PHASE IOUT-=-250ΜA, DURATION OF POSITIVE PHASE T=200MS). WE APPLIED THE SYSTEM TO SEVEN NORMAL ANESTHETIZED WISTAR RATS. THE DESIGNED SYSTEM SUCCESSFULLY MEASURED AND DECREASED MAP IN ALL RATS. THE PRESENT STUDY LAID A FOUNDATION FOR USING A CHARGE BALANCED CURRENT SOURCE TO STIMULATE CSN AND DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE.

IN THIS PAPER, A SPECIAL PROBE IS DESIGNED USING AN ARRAY OF PHOTODIODES AND A 960 NM LED FOR RECORDING THE WRIST PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM (PPG). THE DESIGN IS BASED ON MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF LIGHT PROPAGATION IN TISSUES. TWO SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED-OUT: NORMAL BREATHING AND DEEP BREATHING. IN BOTH EXPERIMENTS, FINGER AND WRIST PPG WERE SIMULTANEOUSLY RECORDED FROM THE INDEX FINGER. IN THE FIRST SERIES OF EXPERIMENT, SIGNALS FROM 9 SUBJECTS WERE RECORDED AND THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT FOR THE RAW SIGNALS (AC+DC), THE AC AND DC COMPONENTS OF WRIST AND FINGER PPG WERE (62.5% ± 12.1%), (91.2% ± 6.9%) AND (61% ± 13.4%) RESPECTIVELY. IN THE SECOND SERIES OF EXPERIMENT (DEEP BREATHING), SIGNALS FROM 6 SUBJECTS WERE RECORDED AND THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT FOR THE RAW SIGNALS (AC+DC), THE AC AND DC COMPONENTS WERE (89.7% ± 5.9%), (93.7% ± 3.3%) AND (89.9% ± 5.9%) RESPECTIVELY. THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT UNDER NORMAL BREATHING CONDITIONS, ONLY THE AC COMPONENTS OF THE PPG SIGNALS ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED. WHEN RESPIRATION BECOMES THE DOMINANT EFFECT, BOTH AC AND DC PARTS BECOME HIGHLY CORRELATED

PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE, SUCH AS BIOACTIVITY, BIOCOMPATIBILITY, SOLUBILITY, AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES CAN BE TAILORED OVER A WIDE RANGE BY INCORPORATING DIFFERENT IONS INTO HYDROXYAPATITE LATTICE. IN THIS STUDY MAGNESIUM-SUBSTITUTED FLUORAPATITE COATINGS WITH DIFFERENT MAGNESIUM CONTENT WERE PREPARED ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATES BY SOL-GEL DIP COATING METHOD TO IMPROVE THE BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF THE SUBSTRATE. SOL-GEL DIP PARAMETERS SUCH AS TIMES OF DIP COATING AND AGING TIME WERE  OPTIMIZED TO OBTAIN UNIFORM AND CRACK-FREE COATINGS. IN VITRO BIOACTIVITYEVALUATION WAS PERFORMED BY IMMERSING THE COATED SUBSTRATES IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID (SBF) WITHIN 21 DAYS AT 37±0.5°C. X-RAY DIFFRACTION  (XRD) AND FOURIER TRANSFORMED INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FTIR) TECHNIQUES WERE UTILIZED IN ORDER TO EVALUATE PHASE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MAGNESIUM-SUBSTITUTED FLUORAPATITE COATINGS, RESPECTIVELY. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) WAS USED TO PERCEIVE COATING MORPHOLOGY. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE BIOACTIVITY, MG+2 ION CONCENTRATION IN THE SBF WAS MEASURED BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (ICP-OES) AND SURFACE OF THE SAMPLES WERE STUDIED BY SEM TO EVALUATE THE PRECIPITATED APATITE AFTER IMMERSION PERIODS. IT WAS NOTICED THAT AN AGING OF 24 H IN SOL-GEL DIP COATING PROCESS WAS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE A HOMOGENOUS AND CRACK-FREE COATING. IN ADDITION, WHEN THE LAYERS OF COATING WERE MORE THAN ONE, THE CRACKS IN THE COATING INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY. THE MAGNESIUM AMOUNT IN THE SBF INCREASED WITH INCREASING OF IMMERSION PERIOD AND SUBSTITUTION OF MG+2 IN THE COATINGS. IN VITRO BIOACTIVITY TESTS SHOWED THAT MAGNESIUM STIMULATES APATITE FORMATION ON THE 316L SS COATED SAMPLES WHILE IMMERSION IN THE SBF.

THE PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION (ASR) SYSTEMS IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY NOISE AND A WIDE RANGE OF DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO COPE WITH THE EFFECTS OF ADDITIVE NOISE. MISSING FEATURE IS ONE OF RECENT APPROACHES WHICH UTILIZE INFORMATION REDUNDANCY IN SPEECH SIGNAL TO ESTIMATE MISSING COMPONENTS. ACCORDING TO CONNECTION BETWEEN MISSING FEATURE APPROACHES AND NEW EMERGING COMPRESSIVE SENSING THEORY, IN THIS PAPER WE TRY TO ADAPT THESE TWO CONCEPTS AND PRESENT A NOVEL SOLUTION TO MISSING FEATURE PROBLEM. TO DO THAT, WE USE NONPARAMETRIC MIXTURE OF FACTOR ANALYZERS (NMFA) TO MODEL CLEAN SPECTROGRAPHIC FEATURES. THEN ARRANGE THE ELEMENT OF SENSING MATRIX ACCORDING TO MISSING COMPONENTS AND FINALLY ESTIMATE THEM USING NMFA MODEL

ELASTOGRAPHY IS A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE ELASTICITY PROPERTIES OF THE SOFT TISSUE. THE MAIN PART OF THIS METHOD IS THE SOLUTION OF THE INVERSE ELASTICITY PROBLEM. TO SOLVE THE INVERSE PROBLEM USING REGULARIZATION METHOD IS UNAVOIDABLE. IN THIS STUDY GAUSS- NEWTON METHOD AND TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION ARE USED TO SOLVE THE INVERSE PROBLEM. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUTION TO THE INITIAL GUESS SHOWED THAT SELECTION THE CLOSE INITIAL GUESS TO THE FINAL GOAL CAUSE TO SEMI-CONVERGENCE MANNER. IN THIS SITUATION CHOICE OF STOPPING CRITERION WILL BE VERY IMPORTANT

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI) SYSTEMS PROVIDE A DIRECT COMMUNICATION CHANNEL BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND MACHINE. MOST BCI SYSTEMS ARE BASED ON MENTAL ACTIVITY. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL ACTIVITY SUCH AS, E.G., IMAGINATION OF LEFT-HAND, RIGHT-HAND, FOOT MOVEMENT, TONGUE MOVEMENT, AND MENTAL ARITHMETIC TASK WERE CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING BCI. IN THIS WORK, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT AND EEG SIGNALS DURING HAND MOVEMENT IMAGINATION HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE DIRECTION OF IMAGINED MOVEMENT CAN BE INFERRED FROM NONINVASIVELY RECORDED BRAIN SIGNALS. DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON THREE HEALTHY HUMAN SUBJECTS. COMMON SPATIAL PATTERN (CSP) WAS USED TO EXTRACT FEATURES. PROBABILISTICALLY NEURAL NETWORK (PNN), SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM), AND PERCEPTRON (P) ARE USED TO CLASSIFY FEATURES. THE RESULTS SHOWS THAT THE BRAIN SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMAGINATION OF LEFT AND RIGHT DIRECTION (I.E., 2 CLASSES) CAN BE DISCRIMINATED WITH 80.42% ACCURACY AND THE BRAIN SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMAGINATION OF LEFT AND RIGHT DIRECTION AND IDLE STATE (I.E., 3 CLASSES) WITH 76.40%.

PRODUCING THE PHANTOM MATERIALS FOR MODELING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT TISSUE IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY. THIS TISSUE IS COMBINED OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUE, TUMOR AND BACK GROUND TISSUE. FINALLY GELATIN MATERIALS USED TO CONSTRUCT PHANTOM AND WEIGHT RATIO OF THE DRY GELATIN AND DEIONIZED WATER FOR 21 K PA AND 102 K PA YOUNG'S MODULUS ARE OBTAINED. THIS PHANTOM IS USED IN ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY WITH EXTERNAL EXCITATION LESS THAN 5%

THE FIBULA IS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF BONE GRAFT, BUT BECAUSE THE FIBULA HAS A ROLE IN LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTION, IT IS IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE WHETHER PARTIAL REMOVAL RESULTS IN DYSFUNCTION OR OTHER PROBLEMS. THE MAIN QUESTION ADDRESSED IN THIS PAPER IS "DOES FIBULA PARTICIPATES IN STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT?" ACCORDING TO CONSULTATION WITH ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL TEAM WHO ARE EXCLUSIVELY EXPERT IN KNEE SURGERY, TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT STRESS DISTRIBUTION MIGHT HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY FIBULA REMOVAL. A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FE MODEL OF THE HEALTHY HUMAN KNEE THAT INCLUDED DISTAL FEMUR, TIBIA, FIBULA AND ALL THE RELEVANT MENISCI AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGES, IS PRESENTED. BONES WERE CONSIDERED TO BE RIGID, ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND MENISCI LINEARLY ELASTIC, ISOTROPIC AND HOMOGENEOUS. COMPRESSIVE LOADINGS WERE APPLIED TO THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT IN FULL EXTENSION IN VARIOUS MAGNITUDES (UP TO 2800N) AND NORMALIZED ACCORDING TO SUBJECT'S WEIGHT. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT FIBULA REMOVAL INCREASES THE MAXIMUM STRESSES IN LATERAL TIBIAL CARTILAGE, LATERAL FEMORAL CARTILAGE AND MEDIAL FEMORAL CARTILAGE, IT ALSO REDUCES THE MAXIMUM STRESS IN MEDIAL TIBIAL CARTILAGE. ALSO REMOVING THE FIBULA WOULD BE LED TO SHIFT THE PLACE OF MAXIMUM STRESS ON THE MEDIAL TIBIAL CARTILAGE, LATERAL TIBIAL CARTILAGE AND LATERAL FEMORAL CARTILAGE, POSTERIOR.

COMBINATION OF GEOMETRIC AND TEXTURE FEATURES ARE USED TO FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION. THESE FEATURES ARE COMPARED WITH GLOBAL FEATURES (KERNEL-PCA OF FACE IMAGE AND ORIGINAL FACE IMAGE). IN GEOMETRIC FEATURES SET, DISTANCES AND ANGLES BETWEEN FACE COMPONENTS ARE PROPOSED FOR EMOTION DISCRIMINATION. IN ORDER TO FEATURES ANALYSIS, SENSITIVITY OF RECOGNITION TO THE NOISE AND PERSON DEPENDENCY WAS INVESTIGATED. IN THE PERSON DEPENDENCY ANALYSIS, 3 VALIDATION METHODS, LOO, HALF LOO AND TEN-FOLD, ARE IMPLEMENTED. RESULTS SHOW THAT RECOGNITION RATE CAN IMPROVE UNTIL 96% WHILE SYSTEM LEARNING IS DEPENDENT TO PERSON. KERNEL-PCA IN COMPARE TO PROPOSED FEATURES IS MORE SENSITIVE TO HAVE A PERSON DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT SYSTEM, AS RECOGNITION RATE DECREASE 88.35 TO 55% AND 84.74% TO 74% RESPECTIVELY. NOISE ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED THAT GLOBAL FEATURES ARE SENSITIVE TO THE NOISE.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DEVELOP A GENERAL FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREMENTAL ADAPTIVE PROCEDURE WHICH ESTABLISHED FOR ANALYSIS OF THE ORTHOTROPIC POST-RESTORED TEETH. THIS PAPER CONCERNS WITH DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL ALGORITHM FOR THE SOLUTION OF QUASISTATIC INITIAL / BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS INVOLVING THE LINEAR MEDIA WITH THERMAL AND MECHANICAL DEFORMATIONS. A MATHEMATICAL ALGORITHM IS THEN DEVELOPED FOR A GENERALIZED FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION TO DEAL WITH THE QUASISTATIC THERMOVISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF TEETH POST-RESTORATION PROBLEMS

THERE IS CONSISTENCY IN HOW HEALTH PEOPLE MOVE THEIR EYES, ARMS, AND LEGS. WHAT IS GOOD ABOUT THIS WAY OF MOVING, AND WHY HAS OUR BRAIN SETTLED ON THIS PATTERN? HERE, I FOCUS ON THE CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS AND SUGGEST THAT THE PURPOSE OF ANY MOVEMENT IS TO ACQUIRE A MORE REWARDING STATE. I SUGGEST THAT THE WAY THE BRAIN DISCOUNTS REWARD IN TIME, I.E., TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING, ACCOUNTS FOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS IN HOW THEY MOVE. THIS FRAMEWORK HAS THE POTENTIAL TO EXPLAIN WHY DISORDERS THAT AFFECT PROCESSING OF REWARD IN THE BRAIN, LIKE PARKINSON'S DISEASE, DEPRESSION, AND SCHIZOPHRENIA, RESULT IN CHANGES IN CONTROL OF MOVEMENTS.

A VAST AMOUNT OF DEATH IN THE WORLD HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THIS DISEASE CAUSES PLAQUE FORMATION AND FINALLY LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY TO AN ORGAN. THE PROMINENT AIM OF THIS STUDY IS PROPOSING AN ACCURATE AND SIMPLE MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PROCESS OF ARTERIAL WALL THICKENING

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENTS (CPCS) CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A PROPER CANDIDATE FOR BONE XE “TISSUE ENGINEERING” \F “SUBJECT”, IN SITUSETTING ABILITY, EXCELLENT OSTEOCONDUCTIVITY, BONE-REPLACEMENT CAPABILITY AND INJECTABILITY MADE THEM PREFERRED. BUT CPCS LOW MECHANICAL STRENGTH LIMITS THEIR USES TO NON-LOAD-BEARING APPLICATIONS. IN THE PRESENT RESEARCH NANO-SIC PRESENTED IN TO THE CEMENT COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH, SETTING TIME AND HYDROXYAPATITE (HA) FORMATION WERE INVESTIGATED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF CPC WITHOUT ANY ADDITIVE AFTER 1 DAY SOAKING WAS 1.79MPA WHICH AFTER ADDING 10WT. % NANO-SIC REACH TO 4.11MPA. AND ALSO NANO-SIC DID NOT HAVE ANY NEGATIVE EFFECT ON HA FORMATION ABILITY BUT IT INCREASED SETTING TIME. IN SUMMARY, PROCESSING PARAMETERS WERE TAILORED TO ACHIEVE OPTIMUM MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH. REINFORCED CPC MAY BE USEFUL IN SURGICAL SITES THAT ARE NOT FREELY ACCESSIBLE BY OPEN SURGERY OR WHEN USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES.

GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN REFLUX IS THE MOST COMMON UNDERLYING CAUSE OF SIGNIFICANT VARICOSE VEINS. TRADITIONAL TREATMENT OF GSV REFLUX HAS BEEN SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE GSV. ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT (ELT) HAS BEEN RECENTLY PROPOSED AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF REFLUX OF THE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN AND SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN. THE DOSES OF ENERGY APPLIED ENDOVENOUSLY , INDUCE AN HEATING OF THE VEIN WALL WHICH IS NECESSARY TO CAUSE COLLAGEN CONTRACTION AND DESTRUCTION OF ENDOTHELIUM. SUCCESSFUL ELT DEPENDS ON THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETER REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE AN OPTIMAL VEIN DAMAGE WHILE AVOIDING SIDE EFFECTS .MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ELT COULD PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ELT PROCESS AND COULD DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL DOSAGE AS A FUNCTION OF VEIN DIAMETER .THE MODEL IS BASED ON CALCULATIONS THE LIGHT DISTRIBUTION USING THE MONTE CARLO, THE TEMPERATURE RISE USING THE BIOHEAT EQUATION AND THE LASERINDUCED INJURY USING THE ARRHENIUS DAMAGE MODEL .THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL WAS IMPLEMENTED IN MATLAB IN COMBINATION WITH COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS SOFTWARE AS AN ADD-ON FOR FINITE ELEMENT MODELING. THERMAL DAMAGE OF THE INNER VEIN WALL IS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE TISSUE ALTERNATIONS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO LEAD THE VEIN TO PERMANENT OCCLUSION . THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO PRESENT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL USING DYNAMIC TISSUE CHANGES BASED UPON THE ARRHENIUS DAMAGE MODEL. THE GEOMETRY USED TO SIMULATE ELT WAS BASED ON A 3D MODEL CONSISTING OF A CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC BLOOD VESSEL (DIAMETER:3MM) INCLUDING A VESSEL WALL (THICKNESS:0.4MM) AND SURROUNDED BY INFINITE AND HOMOGENOUS TISSUE. A 600 ΜM FIBER WAS CONNECTED TO A 980NM DIODE LASER WAS INSERTED IN THE CENTER OF THE VESSEL .AT THIS WAVELENGTH , POWER IS USUALLY SET BETWEEN 10 AND 15 W. CALCULATIONS WERE PERFORMED AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE CENTER OF THE VEIN, IN THE TUNICA INTIMA ,IN THE TUNICA EXTERNA AND 3MM FROM THE TUNICA EXTERNA. RESULTS SHOW THAT TEMPERATURES ARE LOWER INSIDE THE LUMEN , SIMILAR INSIDE THE WALL AND ARE HIGHER IN THE PERIVENOUS TISSUE WHEN USING LOW POWER

COMOGRAPHY AND DISPLAY OF PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN DIAGNOSTIC OF CANCERS AND STUDY OF DISEASE MECHANISM. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AIM, THE ANIMAL POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED. ACQUIRED IMAGES QUALITY FROM THIS SYSTEM DEPENDS ON DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS FOR IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN ADDITION TO ITS DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. IN THIS PAPER, SYSTEM FEATURES AND TOMOGRAPHY METHOD ARE CONSIDERED, FIRSTLY. THEN, IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS (MLEM, SART AND FBP) WERE PERFORMED ON SINOGARM. ACQUIRED IMAGES QUALITY FROM THESE RECONSTRUCTED ALGORITHMS WAS COMPARED WITH RMS CONTRAST AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION FACTOR. ALSO, RECONSTRUCTED TIME AND SPEED OF PROCESS FOR THREE ALGORITHMS WAS CONSIDERED. ACCORDING TO RESULTS, OBTAINED RMS CONTRAST AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION FACTOR FROM ACQUIRED IMAGES WITH MLEM ALGORITHM SHOWS SUPERIORITY OF MLEM ALGORITHM AGAINST THE SART AND FBP ALGORITHMS. ALSO, SART ALGORITHM HAS BETTER SPEED THAN FBP AND MLEM IN RECONSTRUCTED TIME

TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE) IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF HUMAN REFRACTORY EPILEPSY AND CAN CAUSE WIDESPREAD IMPAIRMENTS IN BRAIN FUNCTIONALITY. PREVIOUS STUDIES SHOW FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TLE PATIENTS' BRAIN IN COMPARISON WITH NORMAL SUBJECTS. HOWEVER, LIMITED STUDIES HAVE BEEN DONE ON CONNECTIVITY ABNORMALITIES OF RESTING STATE NETWORKS (RSN) IN TLE PATIENTS AND MOST OF THEM STUDIED DEFAULT MODE NETWORK (DMN) ONLY. IN THIS PAPER, NINE INDEPENDENT SPATIAL MAPS OF THE BRAIN WERE IDENTIFIED BY APPLYING INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (ICA) ON FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES (FMRI) OF THE SUBJECTS. THESE MAPS WERE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR RESTING STATE NETWORKS: VISUAL NETWORK, AUDITORY NETWORK, DEFAULT MODE NETWORK, AND ATTENTION NETWORK (INCLUDING RIGHT AND LEFT FRONTO-PARIETAL NETWORKS AND CORE NETWORK). FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN TIME COURSES OF THE NINE COMPONENTS WERE COMPUTED AND THEN COMPARED BETWEEN TLE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. RESULTS SHOW THAT THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT BETWEEN-GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AMONG DIFFERENT BRAIN NETWORKS INCLUDING DECREASE IN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIONS OF VISUAL CORTEX WITH TWO OTHER NETWORKS, DMN AND ATTENTION NETWORK, AND DECREASE IN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN DMN AND LEFT FRONTO-PARIETAL NETWORK. AN INCREASE IN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN DMN AND CORE NETWORK AND ALSO BETWEEN RIGHT FRONTO-PARIETAL NETWORK AND AUDITORY NETWORK IS OBSERVED

THE BRAIN IS ONE OF THE VITAL ORGANS IN THE BODY. THE MAIN CEREBRAL DISTRIBUTION CENTER OF BLOOD FLOW IN THE BRAIN IS THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS (COW). IN MORE THAN 50% OF HEALTHY BRAINS AND IN MORE THAN 80% OF DYSFUNCTIONAL ONES, AT LEAST ONE ARTERY OF THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS IS ABSENT OR UNDERDEVELOPED . THESE VARIATIONS REDUCE THE COLLATERAL FLOW AVAILABILITY AND INCREASE THE RISK OF STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THUS IT IS ESSENTIAL TO SIMULATE THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS AND INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF STENOSIS. IN THIS WORK THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIES ALONG WITH THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS ARE SIMULATED USING THE FINITE VOLUME METHOD AND ONEDIMENSIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONSERVATION OF MASS AND MOMENTUM. THE STRUCTURED TREE IS CONSIDERED AS THE OUTLET BOUNDARY CONDITION. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT BLOOD FLOW RATE, PRESSURE AND VELOCITY THROUGH VESSELS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS RESULTS. MEANWHILE, THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY (ICA) STENOSIS IS SIMULATED AND THE COLLATERAL CAPACITY OF THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS IS SHOWN. AS THE AREA OF THE ICA DECREASES, THE VELOCITY OF BLOOD THROUGH COMMUNICATING ARTERIES IS INCREASED BUT THIS ABILITY IS RELIABLE TO A SPECIAL EXTENT OF AREA REDUCTION IN THE ICA.

FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT (FAI) IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE MAIN CAUSES OF EARLY OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE HIP. CAM IMPINGEMENT IS FEMORAL CAUSE OF FAI, WHICH REFERS TO A SITUATION WHERE THE FEMORAL HEAD LOSES ITS SPHERICAL SHAPE AT HEAD-NECK JUNCTION. THIS ANATOMIC DEFORMITY COULD BE REFLECTED BY THE ALPHA ANGLE. IN THIS ARTICLE WE PROPOSE A NEW FULLY AUTOMATED FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING ALPHA ANGLE USING 3D DATA, WITHOUT ANY NEED OF MANUAL CONFIGURATION. THIS APPROACH PROVIDES ALPHA ANGLES IN DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS, BY ROTATING A RADIAL PLANE AROUND THE FEMORAL HEAD-NECK AXIS. THIS HELPS TO HAVE AN ILLUSTRATION OF ALPHA ANGLE AS A CONTINUOUS CURVE. THE METHOD HAS BEEN TESTED ON 12 FEMUR 3D DATASETS (6 LEFT+6 RIGHT), RECONSTRUCTED FROM MR IMAGES OF DIFFERENT FEMALE SUBJECTS WITHOUT ANY REPORTED FEMORAL ABNORMALITIES. THE MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION VALUES OF ALPHA ANGLE ARE ABOUT 36.9° AND 1.1° RESPECTIVELY, WHICH ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE EXPECTED VALUES FOR ALPHA ANGLE. IN ADDITION, FOUR DIFFERENT RESOLUTIONS OF 3D MESHES HAVE BEEN EXAMINED BY THE PROPOSED METHOD. THE EFFECT OF THE RESOLUTION ON THE PROVIDED RESULTS HAS BEEN EVALUATED (IN TERMS OF ACCURACY AND SPEED).

LUMPED METHOD (ELECTRICAL ANALOGY) IS ONE OF THE RELIABLE WAYS TO MODEL HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. IN THIS STUDY, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IS SIMULATED USING LUMPED METHOD AND COMPLEMENTED BY EXTRA COMPARTMENTS. NEW COMPARTMENTS START AT LARGEST ARTERIES THAT SUPPLY THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS, AND FOLLOWS BY CIRCLE OF WILLIS ARTERIES AND FINALLY ENDS WITH EFFERENT ARTERIES AS A SUBSET OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. A NETWORK OF COLLATERAL VESSEL THAT CALLED CIRCLE OF WILLIS SUPPORT ADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN. EACH VESSEL IS MODELED BY RESISTOR, CAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR. BY USING MATLAB SOFTWARE, THE LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES ARE MODELED BY CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCES AND DIODES. IN THIS STUDY, INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ANEURYSM WITH VARIOUS INCREMENTAL RATES IN FUSIFORM SHAPE IS STUDIED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF ANEURYSM INCREMENTAL RATE AS WELL AS ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF CIRCLE OF WILLIS (COW) ON EFFERENT ARTERIES PRESSURE.

THIS PAPER PRESENTS A FAST AND AUTOMATIC ALGORITHM FOR PROSTATE SEGMENTATION IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES. AN ACCURATE PROSTATE DELINEATION ON TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND (TRUS) IMAGES HAS MANY APPLICATIONS INCLUDING GUIDING THE BIOPSY NEEDLE TO THE SUSPICIOUS CORE WHEN REGISTERED WITH A PREOPERATIVE IMAGING MODALITY, OR IN TREATMENT PLANNING AND MOTION MONITORING IN THERAPY INTERVENTIONS. HOWEVER, ULTRASOUND IMAGE SEGMENTATION IS A DIFFICULT TASK BECAUSE OF THE SPECKLES AND RELATIVELY LOW TISSUE-TO-TISSUE CONTRAST IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES. THE PROPOSED METHOD IS BASED ON THE FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM THE INTENSITY OF THE TRUS IMAGES, SPECIFICALLY THE GRADIENT OF IT. SIX 2D TRUS IMAGES ACQUIRED FROM ONE PATIENT WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM. QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE METHOD WAS DONE BY COMPARING THE AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION RESULTS WITH THE CORRESPONDING GOLD STANDARD OBTAINED FROM MANUAL SEGMENTATION OF THE TARGET ORGAN. THE RESULTED ACCURACY, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY WERE 98.69±0.27%, 96.40±1.26% AND 99.33±0.45%, RESPECTIVELY

THE FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT (FAI) CAUSES PAIN AND REDUCTION OF RANGE OF MOTION. FAI ALSO CAUSES AB-NORMAL CONTACT STRESS AND POTENTIAL JOINT DAMAGE AROUND HIP. WE INVESTIGATED THE KINEMATICS OF A HIP JOINT WHEN A FAI OCCURS. IN THIS STUDY WE PUT FORWARD THE FOLLOWING HYPOTHESES: DOES CHANGING THE KINEMATICS OF MOTION AFFECT THE CONTACT SURFACE/FORCES? DOES CHANGING THE KINEMATICS OF MOTION ELIMINATE THE NEED OF CUTTING THE BUMP? THE STUDY USES A FINITE ELEMENT (FE) MODEL OF THE HIP JOINT TO ANALYSE THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP AT THE IM-PINGEMENT ZONE. THE MODEL WAS INITIALLY ANALYSED USING THE ORIGINAL KINEMATICS OF THE JOINT. THE KINEMATICS WAS THEN CHANGED WITH A STEPWISE CHANGING THE CENTRE OF ROTATION TO EVALUATE ITS EFFECT ON THE FAI CONTACT ZONE. THE STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE JOINT MOTIONS SUCH AS FLEXION, ADDUCTION AND INTERNAL ROTATION CHANGED WITH VARIATION OF THE GAP BETWEEN THE FEMUR AND THE ACETABULUM

IN THIS ARTICLE A MARKERLESS VISION BASED TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTING A SET OF FEATURES FROM HUMAN WALKING SEQUENCE FOR DIFFERENTIATING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL GAIT IS PRESENTED. GAIT CHANGE IS AN INDICATOR IN MANY DISEASES. CLINICAL GAIT ASSESSMENT TOOLS WERE PROPOSED TO ASSES ONES GAIT BUT THE RESULT OF THESE TOOLS DEPEND ON RATERS' OPINION. CONSEQUENTLY, QUANTITATIVE GAIT ASSESSMENT TOOL ARE PROPOSED. HOWEVER THESE TOOLS ARE NOT PREFERABLE AMONG CLINICIANS SINCE THEY ARE EXPENSIVE AND INTERFERE WITH ONES' NORMAL GAIT PATTERN. THIS PAPER PRESENTS A SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE, AND EFFECTIVE SYSTEM FOR EXTRACTING FEATURES FROM GAIT TO DISTINGUISH ABNORMAL GAIT FROM NORMAL ONE. FOR CLASSIFYING THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL GAIT, FIRST THE SILHOUETTE AND ITS BOUNDING BOX ARE EXTRACTED IN EACH FRAME. THEN, THE HEIGHT OF SILHOUETTE OF DIFFERENT SUBJECTS IS NORMALIZED. IN THE NEXT STEP, THE PATTERNS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT SUBJECTS ARE ALIGNED TEMPORALLY. THESE STEPS FOLLOWED BY TILE EXTRACTION PHASE. FINALLY FEATURES ARE EXTRACTED FROM THE GAIT FRIEZE PATTERN. THE METHOD IS EVALUATED BY USING FOR CLASSIFYING 64 WALKING SEQUENCE (8 NORMAL, 56 ABNORMAL) TO 8 DIFFERENT GAIT PATTERNS. THE RESULTS ARE SHOWN THAT THE METHOD IS ABLE TO DETERMINE THE ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERN WITH ACCEPTABLE CCR.

WHILE CONSCIOUSNESS AND TOP-DOWN ATTENTION SEEM TO BE INEXTRICABLY CONNECTED, RECENT EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THAT THESE PROCESSES CAN BE PRESENT IN THE ABSENCE OF THE OTHER. RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT OBSERVERS CAN PAY ATTENTION TO AN INVISIBLE STIMULUS (UNCONSCIOUS), AND THAT A STIMULUS CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN IN THE ABSENCE OF ATTENTION. WE USED A NOVEL PSYCHOPHYSICS TASK TO EXPLORE THE NEURAL CORRELATES OF TOP-DOWN ATTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS. METHOD: THE TASK IS MEANT TO CONFIRM THAT THESE TWO PROCESSES ARE INDEPENDENT FROM ONE ANOTHER. EEG WERE RECORDED DURING THE TASK FROM 45 SUBJECTS IN OCCIPITAL, PARIETAL AND FRONTAL LOBES. TARGETLOCKED ERPS FOR MASKED AND UNMASKED CONDITION WERE CONSTRUCTED. TIME FEATURES CORRESPONDING TO P100, ,200 AND P300 COMPONENTS (I.E. CORRELATE CANDIDATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND ATTENTION) WERE EXTRACTED FOR ALL EIGHT CHANNELS SEPARATELY. RESULTS: THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT SOME OF THE MENTIONED COMPONENTS ARE INCREASED WHEN ATTENTION OR CONSCIOUSNESS OCCURS. BY COMPARING DIFFERENCE WAVES IN EACH CONDITION SEPARABLY, WE FOUND THAT INCREASE IN POSITIVITY IN P100 WINDOW IS THE ONLY ERP CORRELATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND DECREASE IN NEGATIVITY IN ,100- ,200 WINDOW AND INCREASE IN POSITIVITY IN P300 WINDOW ARE ERP CORRELATES OF ATTENTION IN O1, O2, PO7 AND PO8 WHICH ARE RELEVANT CHANNELS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR TASK COULD SEPARATE ATTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS SUCCESSFULLY THROUGH THEIR NEURAL CORRELATES. OUR RESULTS INTRODUCE NEW ERP CORRELATES OF ATTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS. THE RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT THESE ERP COMPONENTS ARE MEANINGFUL FEATURES FOR THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THESE TWO CONCEPTS. TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT THESE CORRELATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND SPECIALLY ATTENTION ARE INTRODUCED IN SEPARABLE METHOD

THE PRONUNCIATION OF A SPEAKER WITH CLEFT LIP OR PALATE OR SUBJECTS WITH DEFECTIVE VELOPHARYNGEAL MECHANISM IS MARKED BY HYPERNASALITY AND ACTUALLY AN OPERATION IS NECESSARY TO REDUCETHISHYPERNASALITY. THEN AN ASSESSMENT OF HYPERNASALITY IS IMPERATIVE TO QUANTIFY THE EFFECT OF THE SURGERY AND DESIGN THE SPEECH THERAPY SESSIONS. IN THIS PAPER, A NEW QUANTITATIVE METHOD IS PROPOSED TO ESTIMATE HYPERNASALITY. THE PROPOSED METHOD USED THE FACT THAT AN AUTOREGRESSIVE (AR) MODEL FOR VOCAL TRACT SYSTEM OF A PATIENT WITH CLEFT PALATE IS NOT ACCURATE, BECAUSE THE ZEROS APPEAR IN THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF VOCAL TRACT SYSTEM. THEREFORE IN OUR METHOD HYPERNASALITY WAS ESTIMATED BY COMPARING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SEQUENCES OF CEPSTRUM COEFFICIENTS EXTRACTED FROM AR MODEL AND AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL. SINCE THE PROPOSED METHOD NEEDS ONLY DIGITIZED SPEECH DATA, IT IS PROVIDES A STRAIGHTFORWARD AND COST-EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF HYPERNASALITY

IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE, CHONDROCYTES ARE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS MECHANICAL SIGNALS AMONG WHICH, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (HP) HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO IMPROVE THE PHENOTYPE OF CHONDROCYTES AND ENHANCE THE CHONDROINDUCTION OF STEM CELLS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK, WAS TO COMPARE THE EFFECT OF APPLYING 3 MPA AND 5 MPA OF INTERMITTENT HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON CHONDROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN ADIPOSEDERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS). MSCS WERE ISOLATED FROM HUMAN ABDOMINAL FAT TISSUE AND EXAMINED FOR EXPRESSION OF MSC SURFACE PROTEINS AND MULTILNEAGE DIFFERENTIATION. IN SC AND GF GROUPS, CELLS WERE INCUBATED IN ROUTINE CULTURE MEDIUM AND CHONDROGENIC MEDIUM CONTAINING TGF-Β1 FOR 10 DAYS, RESPECTIVELY. IN 3 MPA- AND 5 MPA-HP GROUPS, CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO ROUTINE CULTURE MEDIUM SUBJECTED TO 3 MPA AND 5 MPA OF HP FROM THE 4TH DAY OF CULTURE FOR 7 DAYS (4 HOURS/DAY). IN 3 MPA- AND 5 MPA-HP-GF GROUPS CELLS WERE INCUBATED IN CHONDROGENIC MEDIUM AND SUBJECTED 3 MPA AND 5 MPA OF HP FOR 7 DAYS (4 HOURS/DAY). REAL-TIME PCR METHOD WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE EXPRESSION OF COLLAGEN II, AS A CHONDROGENIC SPECIFIC GENE. THE HIGHEST COLLAGEN II EXPRESSION, CLOSE TO THAT OF THE NATIVE CARTILAGE TISSUE, WAS OBTAINED IN 5 MPA-HP-GF GROUP, SUGGESTING THAT COMBINATION OF THIS LOADING REGIME WITH GROWTH FACTOR CAN BE USED AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL IN CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR DIRECTING STEM CELLS TOWARD CHONDROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION

ON ACCOUNT OF REDUNDANCY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF HUMAN BODY, USING PURE MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS TO SIMULATE THIS SYSTEM IS NOT ENOUGH. OPTIMIZATION-BASED METHODS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO OVERCOME THIS DIFFICULTY. IN THIS STUDY, BY SIMULATING A FLEXION/EXTENSION WEIGHT TRAINING EXERCISE WITH A DUMBBELL, TWO OF THESE METHODS (COMPUTED MUSCLE CONTROL AND TRADITIONAL STATIC OPTIMIZATION) HAVE BEEN COMPARED. 6 HEALTHY RIGHT-HANDED SUBJECTS HAVE PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. DURING PERFORMING THE ACTIONS, USING A HIGH SPEED CAMERA THE KINEMATIC INFORMATION OF THE MOTION HAS BEEN CAPTURED. TO ACTUATE THE SYSTEM, A HILL-BASED MUSCLE MODEL IN ACCOMPANIED WITH A STIFF TENDON HAS BEEN CONSIDERED. THE FORCES OF ELBOW FLEXORS (BICEPS BRACHII, BRACHIORADIAL, BRACHIALIS) AND EXTENSORS (TRICEPS BRACHII) HAVE BEEN COMPUTED USING TWO METHODS. USING A TWO-WAY ANOVA METHOD THE OBTAINED RESULTS FROM BOTH OF THE METHODS HAVE BEEN COMPARED TO EACH OTHER AND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE HAS BEEN OBSERVED (P < 0.005). ALL OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED ON MATLAB.

IN THIS PAPER, A NEW SPEECH FEATURE EXTRACTION METHOD IS PROPOSED TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS. THIS METHOD IS BASED UPON THE MODELING OF SPEECH TRAJECTORY, TAKING ADVANTAGE OF MULTIVARIATE AUTOREGRESSIVE (MVAR) METHOD, AND APPLICATION OF SOME LINEAR TRANSFORMATION METHODS WHICH ARE NEEDED FOR THE DIMENSION REDUCTION PURPOSES SUCH AS LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS (LDA), HETEROSCEDASTIC LDA (HLDA), AND LOCALITY PRESERVING PROJECTION (LPP). SINCE THE RECONSTRUCTED PHASE SPACE (RPS) IS A PROPER DOMAIN TO REPRESENT TRUE DYNAMICS OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL, IT IS UTILIZED TO PRODUCE THE TRAJECTORY OF SPEECH SIGNAL IN A HIGH DIMENSION SPACE. IN ADDITION, THE MENTIONED LINEAR TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES ARE USED TO DECORRELATE AND REDUCE THE DIMENSION OF FINAL RPS-MVAR FEATURE VECTORS. OUR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT OVERALL SYSTEM WITH THE PROPOSED FEATURES ACHIEVED 9.5% ABSOLUTE IMPROVEMENT OF PHONEME ACCURACY COMPARED TO THE BASELINE FEATURES IN THE CLEAN CONDITION

ANEURYSM IS WIDENING OF AN ARTERY (MORE THAN 50 % OF NOMINAL DIAMETER) OR ITS WALL DISPLACEMENT DUE TO WEAKNESS IN THE WALL OF VESSEL. AMONG THE COMMON COMPLICATIONS OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IS INTRALUMINAL THROMBUS THAT CAN HAVE CONSIDERABLEEFFECT ON THE ANEURYSM WALL STRESS (THE MAIN CAUSE OF ANEURYSMRUPTURE). IN THIS STUDY, THE EFFECT OF INTRALUMINAL THROMBUS ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN AN ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IS INVESTIGATED, APPLYING FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION METHOD. TO ACHIEVE THIS PURPOSE, AN AXISYMMETRIC MODEL OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM HAVING THROMBOSIS WITH DIFFERENT YOUNG COEFFICIENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF PULSATILE BLOOD FLOW IS SIMULATED USING ADINA 8.7 SOFTWARE AND FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION METHOD. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT INCREASE OF THROMBUS YOUNG MODULUS RESULTS IN DECREASE OF SOLID MEDIUM DISPLACEMENT AS WELL AS ITS MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE STRESS. IN ADDITION, INCREASE OF YOUNG MODULUS LEADS TO SIGNIFICANT DECREASE OF MAXIMUM VALUE OF SHEAR STRESS

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

THIS ARTICLE WILL STUDY THE INFLUENCE OF ANGLE BETWEEN AXIS GRAFT AND CORONARY ARTERY ON RESTENOSIS PROBABILITY AFTER BAY_PASS SURGERY CORONARY VESSEL WITH COMPARISON OF WALL SHEAR STRESS (WSS)AND OSCILLATORY SHEAR INDEX(OSI)IN THE LENGTH OF HEART CYCLE. WSS HAS INDIRECT RELATION ON IT. THIS ARTICLE WILL STUDY FOUR MODELS OF ANGLES °45،°15،°30=Β AND ،°¬5/67 WITH DIAMETER RATIO =1.THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS STUDY WITH PREVIOUS INVESTIGATION THAT IN SIMULATION THE CHANGE OF AXIS GRAFT AND CORONARY ARTERY PERFORM AFTER SIMPLE ANASTOMOSIS WITH ANGLE °30,WITH THE MANNER THAT THE GEOMETRY OF ANASTOMOSIS LENGTH IN MODEL ARE THE SAME. SO IN THE APPLICABLE POINT OF VIEW THE SURGEON COULD DECREASE RESTONOSIS GROWTH BY ALTERNATE THE PLACE OF ANASTOMOSIS GRAFT ON AORT FROM COMPARISON OF LEVELS WITH WSS AND OSI FAVOURABLE RESTENOSIS, WE CONCLUDE THAT THE PROBABILITY OF RESTENOSIS UNDER THE IMPRESSION OF ANGLE CHANGE ,GRAFT AXIS AND CORONARY ARTERY INTENSITY WILL CHANGE.WITH THE MANNER THAT THE MODEL Β=45O WILL HAS THE LEAST PROBABILITY RESTENOSIS AND Β=15 THE MOST PROBABILITY RESTENOSIS. THE ANASTOMOSIS EXTERNAL CORNER °30 IN ALL MODELS PROVIDE %75 CORONARY ARTERY CLOSED AND %25 OUTLET FLOW. SIMULATION PERFORM WITH COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

WEARABLE MEASURING SYSTEM HAS MAJOR EFFECTS ON BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS ESPECIALLY IN DAILY ACTIVITIES IN ORDER TO MONITOR AND ANALYZE THE HUMAN MOVEMENTS TO ACHIEVE THE MOST IMPORTANT KINEMATICS PARAMETERS. IN THE RECENT DECADE, INERTIAL SENSORS WERE UTILIZED BY RESEARCHERS IN ORDER TO DEVELOPING WEARABLE SYSTEM FOR INSTRUMENTATION OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS. IN THIS STUDY, SHARIF-HUMAN MOVEMENT INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM (SHARIF-HMIS) WAS DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS (IMUS), STRETCHABLE CLOTHING AND DATA LOGGER. THE IMU SENSORS ARE INSTALLED ON THE HUMAN BODY. THE SYSTEM CAN BE USED AT HOME AND ALSO INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THIS SYSTEM ARE: LOW COST, LOW WEIGHT, SAVING DATA FOR TEN HOURS AND BEING WEARABLE. FURTHERMORE, THE SOFTWARE WAS DESIGNED FOR DATA ACQUISITION OF THE IMUS

AS THE EMOTION CAN AFFECT THE SPEECH SIGNAL, WE CAN EXTRACT A LOT INFORMATION WITH PROCESSING THIS SIGNAL. IN THIS STUDY WE USE SPEECH SIGNAL TO ANALYSIS THE PROSODIC, VOCAL EFFECTS AND GLOTTAL FEATURES FOR DISTINGUISH DEPRESS AND HEALTHY STUDENTS. A NEW DATABASE OF STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND TREATED DEPRESS STUDENTS HAS COLLECTED. WE EXTRACT THE PROSODIC FEATURES (PITCH AND ENERGY), VOCAL EFFECT (FORMANTS) AND GLOTTAL FEATURES. IN PRESENT STUDY, SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM) IS USED TO CLASSIFY THE DATA. TWO KINDS OF TEXTS, EMOTIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC, ARE USED TO BE READ BY HUMAN CASES. RESULTS INDICATE THAT SCIENTIFIC TEXT SPEECH IS WORKING BETTER THAN EMOTIONAL SPEECH. IN ADDITION, OUR EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT PROPOSED TREATMENT PROTOCOL WHICH WAS DONE BY AN EXPERT PSYCHOLOGIST HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE TO IMPROVE DEPRESSION TOWARD HEALTH

THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SIGNALS FOR AUTOMATIC SLEEP STAGING. HOWEVER, RECORDING AND ANALYSIS OF THIS SIGNAL PRESENTS A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL CHALLENGES, ESPECIALLY AT HOME. INSTEAD, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC (ECG) SIGNALS ARE MUCH EASIER TO RECORD AND MAY OFFER AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR HOME MONITORING OF SLEEP. THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) SIGNAL SPECTRAL COMPONENTS PRODUCE QUANTITATIVE MARKERS OF SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITIES, WHICH DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY DURING WAKE AND DIFFERENT SLEEP STAGES. AS SUCH USING HRV SIGNALS TO EXTRACT INFORMATION FOR AUTOMATIC SLEEP STAGING IS A PROMISING EXPLORATION. IN THIS STUDY DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS (DFA) AND DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (DWT) WERE USED TO EXTRACT DISCRIMINATIVE FEATURES FROM HRV SIGNALS. THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) FOLLOWED BY A POST-HOC BONFERRONI TEST WAS USED TO CHECK THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EXTRACTED FEATURES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT GOOD OUTCOMES COULD BE ACHIEVED IN AUTOMATIC SLEEP STAGING BY COMBINING DFA- AND DWT-BASED FEATURES CALCULATED FROM 30-SECOND SEGMENTS OF HRV SIGNALS. WE OBSERVED THAT DFA FEATURE Α1 SEEMS SUITABLE FOR SEPARATING REM SLEEP FROM WAKE STAGE AND NREM SLEEP, WHILE A2 AND ENERGY IN DIFFERENT FREQUENCY BANDS SEEM BENEFICIAL FOR SEPARATING THE WAKE STAGE FROM OTHER SLEEP STAGES, AND ENTROPY CAN SEPARATE WAKE STAGE FROM DEEP SLEEP.

IMPORTANT HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL MEASUREMENTS WILL INCLUDE X RAY, ECG, MRI, SIGNAL AVERAGING, DISPOSABLE BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR, BODY PLETHSMOGRAPHY, IR EAR THERMOMETER, COULTER COUNTER, RECEIVER OPERATING CURVE, AND PULSE OXIMETER. SHOULD WE HAVE CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF ECG, PULSE OXIMETRY, BLOOD PRESSURE FROM THE HOME? CAN WE DEVELOP AN IMPLANTABLE GLUCOSE SENSOR OR AN IMPLANTABLE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITOR?

NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE HAS BEEN ELECTROPHORETICALLY DEPOSITED ON NITI SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY AT A CONSTANT VOLTAGE, NAMELY AT 40, 60 AND 80 V IN 120 S. AFTER SINTERING AT , THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF SAMPLES IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID (SBF) WAS STUDIED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS) AND POLARIZATION TEST. ALSO NI IONS RELEASE OF UNCOATED SAMPLES AND HA-COATED SAMPLES WAS EVALUATED BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER (AAS) IN SBF. SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE HA COATINGS WAS STUDIED USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM). COMPARED TO COATED SAMPLES AND NO COATED ONE, EVALUATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR AND RELEASE OF NICKEL IONS IN THE BODY SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT COATED ONES ARE CHEMICALLY STABLE AND PROVIDED CORROSION RESISTANCE FOR NITI AND REDUCED NI IONS RELEASE. THE COATING DEPOSITED AT 60 V IS CONSIDERED AS OPTIMIZED COATING BECAUSE OF HAVING A UNIFORM AND DENSE SURFACE IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER COATINGS THAT RESULTS IN MOST CORROSION RESISTANCE. COMPARISON OF NI IONS RELEASE OF NITI COATED AT 60 V AND NITI REVEALS THAT NI ION CONCENTRATION DECREASES FROM 12 ΜG.CM-2 (FOR NITI) TO 0.02 ΜG.CM- 2 (FOR NITI COATED AT 60 V) IN SBF.

ONE OF THE MOST COMMON AFFECTIONS OF CHILDREN SITTING PROLONG ON WHEELCHAIRS IS MUSCLE RETARDATION, BED SORES, AND NON-EFFECTIVE REHABILITATION AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY CONDITIONS. LACK OF APPROPRIATE TABLE BOARDS ON THE WHEELCHAIR CAUSES EDUCATIONAL DIMINUTION. ADDITIONAL THERAPY DRAWBACKS OCCUR WHEN CHILDREN CANNOT REACH THE STANDING POSTURE OR RELAXING POSITIONS DURING REHABILITATION. IN THIS PAPER, BASED ON THE PROFILE OF ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS FOR CHILDREN BETWEEN AGES 8 TO 10 YEARS, WEIGHT 20 TO 46, STAGES OF THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WHEELCHAIR WITH THE ABILITY TO SWITCH FROM STANDARD POSITION TO STANDING POSTURE AND ALSO TILTING IS INTRODUCED. ULTIMATELY, TESTS FOR VALIDATION ON OUTPUT RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISM ARE ALSO IMPLIED. RESULTS ON THIS BASIS WERE TAKEN AND THE PRODUCT WAS WELL ADAPTED TO THE ACTUAL CONDITION OF THE SYSTEM AND SHOWN ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF USE

EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY INJURIES AND DAMAGES IN PATIENTS. IN ADDITION TO PREVENTION DIABETES IS THE IMPORTANT DISEASES WHICH NEED SPECIAL CARE. PEOPLE WITH THIS DISEASE NEED SPECIAL CARE TO CONTROL AND CORRECT PREDICTION IN THE BLOOD SUGAR FLUCTUATIONS. THE SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF THIS DISEASE WILL BE ANESTHESIA, COMA AND EVEN, DEATH. TODAY IN THESE PATIENTS, DETERMINE THE CORRECT DOSE OF INSULIN DONE BASED ON EXPERIENCE OR KNOWLEDGE OF DOCTORS AND PATIENTS, HOWEVER, HUMAN ERRORS ARE INEVITABLE. IN THIS STUDY, 124 PATIENTS AND 188 HEALTHIEST WITH 12 FEATURES WERE STUDIED AND ASSESSED. WE TRIED TO USE THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROCESSING FOR DETECTION AND PREDICTION THE CORRECT DOSE OF INSULIN. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM HAVE SOME SUB SYSTEMS SUCH EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS (BPSO1) TO SELECT THE BEST ANSWER (FEATURES), REDUCTION AND DATA MANAGEMENT ALGORITHMS (SVM2) TO CORRECT CATEGORIZE BETWEEN EFFECTIVE FEATURES FROM INEFFECTIVE FEATURES AND ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM (ANFIS3) FOR ESTIMATION, LEARNING AND ADAPTABILITY IN ORDER TO RECOGNIZE AND PREDICT THE CORRECT DOSE OF INSULIN HAVE BEEN USED. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM BY USE THESE PROCEDURES BASED ON FEATURES OF DATABASE IN A COMBINATION AND INTERACTION ON SYSTEMS AND METHODS WAS SUCCESSFUL TO ACHIEVE HIGH ACCURACY WITH MINIMAL ERROR. COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND SYNTHETIC METHODS, THE PERFORMANCE IS MUCH FASTER AND APPROXIMATELY BETTER. SUPERIOR ACCURACY IN PROPOSED SYSTEM CAN BE REALIZED

AN IMPORTANT ISSUE IN DESIGNING A PRACTICAL BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI) IS THE SELECTION OF MENTAL TASKS TO BE IMAGINED. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL TASKS HAVE BEEN USED IN BCI INCLUDING LEFT HAND, RIGHT HAND, FOOT, AND TONGUE MOTOR IMAGERIES. IN MANY BCI SYSTEMS, THE MENTAL TASK IS DIFFERENT FROM THE SUBJECT'S INTENTION WHICH IS THE ACTION TO BE CONTROLLED BY THE BCI. IT IS DESIRABLE TO SELECT A MENTAL TASK TO BE CONSISTENT WITH THE DESIRED ACTION TO BE PERFORMED BY BCI. THE INTENDED MOVEMENT IS TO BE WHAT THE SUBJECT IMAGINES. IN THIS PAPER, WE INVESTIGATE DETECTING THE IMAGINATION OF THE HAND GRASPING AND HAND OPENING USING BRAIN SIGNALS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ON THREE HUMAN SUBJECTS WERE CONDUCTED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE ERD/ERS PATTERNS, ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMAGINATION OF HAND GRASPING AND OPENING WERE DIFFERENT. WE USED SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES (SVM) TO CLASSIFY THE BRAIN SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMAGINATION OF THE GRASPING AND OPENING. THE RESULTS OF CLASSIFICATION SHOWED THAT THE BCI SYSTEM IS ABLE TO CLASSIFY TWO MENTAL TASKS (I.E., GRASPING AND OPENING) WITH AN ACCURACY OF 78.54% AND THREE MENTAL TASKS (I.E., GRASPING, OPENING, AND IDLE) WITH 84.32%

IN THIS STUDY THE VALUE OF AN OPTICAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY METHOD IN DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS (SIL) WAS ASSESSED. SINGLE FIBER REFLECTANCE (SFR) SPECTROSCOPY WAS USED TO MEASURE REFLECTED LIGHT FROM THIRTY TWO PATIENTS UNDERGOING STANDARD COLPOSCOPY. SEVEN PARAMETERS EXTRACTED FROM THE SPECTRA IN ADDITION TO TWO BIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS WERE COMPARED IN BIOPSY-CONFIRMED SIL VERSUS NON-SIL. THE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION WAS DONE USING TWO TYPES OF NEURAL NETWORKS INCLUDING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION (RBF) AND FEED-FORWARD BACKPROPAGATION (FFBP) NETWORKS. THE CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE WAS EVALUATED BY LEAVE - ONE - OUT (LOO) AND 5-FOLD (5F) CROSS-VALIDATION METHODS. ALSO, THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF NEURONS REQUIRED FOR PERFECT DISCRIMINATION WITH BOTH NETWORKS WAS COMPARED. THE BEST PERFORMANCE WAS SEEN USING FFBP NETWORK WITH FOUR NEURONS TO ACHIEVE A PERFECT TISSUE CLASSIFICATION. HOWEVER, RBF REQUIRED AT LEAST 9 NEURONS FOR A SIMILAR PERFORMANCE ALTHOUGH WITH A SHORTER RUN TIME. USING FFBP THE BEST RETROSPECTIVE SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY AND AREA UNDER THE RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVE FOR DISCRIMINATION OF DISEASED VERSUS NON-DISEASED SITES WERE 70%, 74% AND 0.71, RESPECTIVELY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE SFR SPECTROSCOPY SHOWS PROMISE AS A NON-INVASIVE, REAL-TIME METHOD TO GUIDE THE CLINICIAN IN REDUCING THE NUMBER OF UNNECESSARY BIOPSIES. DISCRIMINATION OF SIL FROM OTHER ABNORMALITIES COMPARES FAVORABLY WITH THAT OBTAINED BY FLUORESCENCE ALONE AND BY FLUORESCENCE COMBINED WITH REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY WHILE THE SIMPLICITY AND LOW COST OF THE PRESENTED SYSTEM ARE DOMINANT

PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS A PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY TREMOR, RIGIDITY, AND SLOWNESS OF MOVEMENTS. SPECIFIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL ATTACKS IN PARKINSON DISEASE CAN BE INDICATES IN DIRECTIONAL INTERACTION OF THE BRAIN NETWORK FROM RESTING STATE FMRI DATA. FOR CONSTRUCTING THE DIRECTIONAL BRAIN NETWORK FROM SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY IN RESTING STATE, WE USED DIRECTED TRANSFORM FUNCTION (DTF) APPROACH COMBINING WITH GRAPH THEORY. THE PROPOSED METHOD APPLIED ON EACH PAIR OF REFERENCE TIME SERIES OF THE SELECTED REGIONS IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN. FURTHERMORE, TOPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS LIKE DEGREE OF A GIVEN NODE WERE CALCULATED FOR GRAPHS IN THREE FREQUENCY BANDWIDTHS. MINIMUM SIGNIFICANT CONNECTIONS OF BETWEEN GROUP ANALYSIS IN THE UPPER FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH DEPICTED THAT THERE ARE COMMON INFLUENCE INFORMATION IN UPPER BAND BETWEEN PD AND HEALTHY. MOREOVER, INTER-GROUP COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF RESTING STATE SHOWS THAT EFFECTIVE INTERACTIONS IN PD ARE STRONGER THAN HEALTHY. FURTHERMORE, SOME BRAIN REGIONS SUCH AS LEFT THALAMUS HAS THE MOST INFORMATION FLOW IN PD WHICH CHARACTERIZED BY PIVOTAL REGIONS WHICH WERE INFLUENCED BY THE OTHER BRAIN REGIONS. WE FOUND THAT DTF ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN COMBINED WITH GRAPH STRUCTURECOULD POTENTIALLY PROVIDE INFORMATION ON DIRECTIONAL INTERACTIONS WITHIN REGIONS.

RECENTLY SINGLE TRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS (ERPS) HAS RECEIVED MUCH ATTENTION TO IMPROVE BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI) SYSTEMS. BCI IS ONE OF THE MOST RECENT FIELDS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE WHICH TRIES TO HELP HANDICAPPED PEOPLE. HOWEVER, SINGLE TRIAL EEG ANALYSIS IS HARD DUE TO ITS LOW SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR). MANY BCI SYSTEMS ARE BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ERPS SUCH AS P300. P300 IS A POSITIVE PEAK THAT OCCURS APPROXIMATELY 300MS AFTER A VISUAL STIMULUS. BUT ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS PRODUCED BY BLINKS AND EYE MOVEMENTS CAUSE SERIOUS PROBLEMS IN ANALYZING OF EEG DATA. IN THIS PAPER, A TWO STAGE ALGORITHM IS PRESENTED TO DETECT P300 WAVES IN SINGLE TRIAL CONDITIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE AND ARTIFACT. IN THE FIRST STAGE, THE RAW EEG DATA ARE DENOISED. FOR THIS REASON, AN ICA-WAVELET BASED DENOISING METHOD IS PROPOSED TO AUTOMATICALLY REMOVE OCULAR ARTIFACT AND IT IS ALSO COMPARED TO OTHER DENOISING METHODS. IN THE SECOND STAGE, A DETECTION ALGORITHM IS APPLIED ON DENOISED EEG DATA IN ORDER TO DISCOVER P300 WAVES. IN THIS METHOD, A SET OF NEW FEATURES ARE EXTRACTED BY APPLYING ICA ON EACH UNKNOWN INCOMING SIGNAL AND FINALLY THEY ARE CLASSIFIED USING A NEURAL NETWORK. THE PERFORMANCE OF PROPOSED METHOD IS ALSO COMPARED TO PREVIOUS WORK BASED ON ICA FOR SINGLE TRIAL P300 DETECTION

ALTERATION OF MEMBRANE SURFACE CHARGES AND MEMBRANE CHANNEL ACTIVITY REPRESENTS ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING EFFECTS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPOSURE ON BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES. HERE CHANNEL PROTEIN ACTIVITY WAS RECORDED IN REAL TIME BY THE VOLTAGE CLAMP METHOD. THE EFFECT OF NON-IONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF) ON THE PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF PROTEIN, OMPF, WAS INVESTIGATED AND BY OUR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS, WE SAW THESE EFFECTS IN THE FEATURE OF INCREASING IN VOLTAGE SENSITIVITY OF THIS NANO PORE FORMING CHANNEL. ALSO INCREASING THE FAST FLICKERING OF THE CHANNEL AND TENDENCY OF THE PROTEIN TO GO TO THE CLOSURE STATE CAN BE CONSIDERED AS THE EFFECTS OF THE INSERTED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO ACHIEVE SELECTIVE STIMULATION OF NERVE FIBERS CONSISTENT WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL STIMULATION BY BLOCKING THE ACTION POTENTIALS BY BIPHASIC HIGH-FREQUENCY STIMULATION. IN THIS PAPER NERVE CONDUCTION BLOCK HAS BEEN SIMULATED AND COMPARED BY HIGH FREQUENCY BIPHASIC SQUARE PULSES AND A NEW SUGGESTED WAVEFORM (HIGH FREQUENCY EXPONENTIALLY RISING PULSE) FOR MYELINATED AXON BASED ON SCHWARTZ EQUATIONS. IN THIS SIMULATION THE DIAMETER OF NERVE FIBERS, HAS BEEN SELECTED (2 AND 20 ΜM) AND HAS USED (1-5 MA) CURRENT RANGE AND THE FREQUENCY OF SIMULATION HAS CONSIDERED 3.2 , 3.4 AND 3.6 KHZ. BOTH SQUARE AND EXPONENTIALLY RISING WAVEFORMS CAN BLOCK LARGE FIBERS BEFORE SMALL FIBERS BUT THE EXPONENTIALLY RISING WAVEFORM IS ABLE TO INCREASE BLOCKING RANGE OF LARGE FIBERS .THE MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF HIGH FREQUENCY BLOCKING IS ITS RAPID EXECUTION AND WITHDRAWAL, SO IS A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR CLINICAL USES AND ALSO THE BIPHASIC STIMULATION CAUSES LESS TISSUE AND ELECTRODE DAMAGE

FLEXED POSTURAL TASKS ARE FREQUENTLY INVOLVED IN DAILY ACTIVITIES, THIS PAPER EVALUATED A WIDE RANGE OF TRUNK MUSCLE ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG) FEATURES TO FIND THE BEST FEATURE SPACES THAT DISCRIMINATE AMONG DIFFERENT TRUNK FLEXION ANGLES. USING DAVIES-BOULDIN INDEX (DBI) AND CALINSKI-HARABASZ INDEX (CHI) IT WAS FOUND THAT ZERO CROSSINGS, MEAN POWER FREQUENCY, MEDIAN POWER FREQUENCY, AND SECOND ORDER CUMULANTS OF EXTENSOR MUSCLES' EMG, INDEPENDENT OF HOLDING LOAD LEVEL AND ELECTRODE LOCATION (RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE OF MUSCLE) ARE THE MOST SENSITIVE FEATURES TO TRUNK FLEXION ANGLE VARIATION.

IMMEDIATE LOADING HAS GAINED A LOT OF ATTENTIONS IN DENTAL REHABILITATION. THE GOAL OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO EVALUATE THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE DENTAL PROSTHESIS AND THE BONE IMPLANT INTERFACE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. A PRECISE 3D MODEL OF HUMAN MANDIBLE AND PROSTHESIS IS EMPLOYED AND SUBJECTED TO IMMEDIATE LOADING. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE STRESS LEVELS IN PROSTHETIC COMPONENTS HAVE NOT EXCEEDED THE FAILURE THRESHOLD. THE MAXIMUM STRESS OCCURS AT THE SUPERFICIAL REGIONS OF THE CORTICAL PART AND BUCCAL SIDES OF THE INTERFACE RECEIVE HIGHER STRESS MAGNITUDES.

IN MODERN DENTISTRY, COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURES ARE WIDELY USED FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION AND TREATMENT PROCESSES. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) IMAGES PROVIDE DENTISTS WITH USEFUL INFORMATION IN MAXILLOFACIAL AND DENTAL IMPLANTATION SURGERIES. IN THE CASE OF IMPLANTATION, THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF PROSTHESIS IS EXTRACTED FROM THE GEOMETRICAL FEATURES OF OTHER TEETH, IN DENTAL CAST. IN THIS PAPER, WE INTEND TO RECONSTRUCT THE SHAPE OF MISSING TOOTH USING ONLY DENTAL CT IMAGES. TO MEET THIS GOAL, AN ATLAS OF THE DESIRED TOOTH MUST BE CREATED FROM A SET OF TRAINING SHAPES BEFOREHAND. STATISTICAL SHAPE MODELS (SSM) PROVIDE GOOD INFORMATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) STRUCTURE OF TEETH THAT CAN BE USED FOR SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION. WE USE AN AUTOMATIC ALGORITHM TO GENERATE THE SSM FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL TOOTH FROM INTACT DATASETS. THE PROPOSED METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MISSING TOOTH FROM SSM IS MAINLY COMPRISED OF THREE PARTS: INITIAL TRANSLATION OF ATLAS, RIGID LOCATING AND SURFACE DEFORMATION WITH CONTOUR MATCHING. EDENTULOUS REGION IS AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINED USING PANOREX LINE. THE ATLAS IS THEN REGISTERED ON THE REGION RIGIDLY. TO ESTABLISH COMPATIBILITY OF THE TOOTH SHAPE WITH OTHER ADJACENT TEETH, WE INTRODUCE A CONTOUR MATCHING PROCESS. DURING THE PROCESS, THE SURFACE OF CROWN IS DEFORMED SO THAT IT IS FITTED ON THE ESTIMATED CONTOURS. THE EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEM IS PERFORMED FOR TWO MAIN PARTS: ANALYZING THE GENERATED SSMS FOR TEETH AND EVALUATION OF RECONSTRUCTED SHAPE. IN CASE OF SSM, THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE RECONSTRUCTION ERROR INCREASES IN TEETH WITH MORE COMPLEX GEOMETRICAL SHAPE. THEREFORE, THE NUMBER OF REQUIRED TRAINING SHAPES TO REACH DESIRED STATISTICAL MODEL INCREASES. THE TOOTH SHAPES ESTIMATION RESULTS SHOW THAT THEY ARE VERY SIMILAR O REAL ONES. FOR MORE COMPLEX SHAPES, THE RESULTS SHOW ACCEPTABILITY OF THE SIMILARITY MEASURE BETWEEN ESTIMATED AND REAL CROWN SURFACES

CONVENTIONAL FUZZY C-MEANS (FCM) ALGORITHM IS HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO NOISE DUE TO NOT CONSIDER THE SPATIAL INFORMATION IN IMAGE SEGMENTATION. THIS PAPER AIMS TO DEVELOP A GAUSSIAN SPATIAL FCM (GSFCM) FOR THE SEGMENTATION OF BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) IMAGES. THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM USES FUZZY SPATIAL INFORMATION TO UPDATE FUZZY MEMBERSHIP WITH A GAUSSIAN FUNCTION. PROPOSED METHOD HAS LESS SENSITIVITY TO NOISE SPECIFICALLY IN TISSUE BOUNDARIES, ANGLES AND BORDERS THAN SPATIAL FCM (SFCM). FURTHERMORE BY THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM A PIXEL WHICH IS ANATOMICALLY A DISTINCT TISSUE FOR EXAMPLE A TUMOR IN PRELIMINARY STAGES OF ITS APPEARANCE, HAS MORE CHANCE TO BE A UNIQUE CLUSTER. THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PRESENTED FCM TECHNIQUES IS EVALUATED BY CONVENTIONAL VALIDITY FUNCTIONS. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THE EFFICIENCY OF PROPOSED ALGORITHM IN SEGMENTATION OF MR IMAGES

APPLICATION OF ROBOTIC INSTRUMENTS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY (MIS) HAS BEEN DEVELOPING IN RECENT YEARS. THE URGE TO IMPLEMENT BIOCOMPATIBLE AND LESS INVASIVE DEVICES FOUND WAY IN USE OF MATERIALS LIKE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS. HOWEVER SUCH DESIGNS PRESENTED THE IDEA OF USING HEAT CONTROL ACTUATION IN THE MISSURGERY AND SOME HAVE FOUND NOTICEABLE POSITION IN ROBOTIC SURGERY. YET THE PROBLEMS RELATING TO INSUFFICIENT STROKE, SLOW MOTION AND UNFAVORABLE GENERATED HEAT HAVE TO BE DEFEATED. IN THIS WORK IT IS FOCUSED TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS BY A NEW DESIGN. MODERN SMA GRIPPERS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF TWO TECHNIQUES: NET SMA AND SPIRAL SMA. BOTH OF THESE ACTUATORS DEMAND APPLICATION OF HIGH ELECTRIC POWER TO RAISE THE WIRE TEMPERATURE, WHICH CONSEQUENTLY IS ACCOMPANIED BY HEATING OF THE GRIPPER, SLOW ACTUATION, ETC. WHILE IN THIS PAPER, WE PROPOSE THE USE OF ONE SMA BRAIDED-WIRE IN A SPIRAL SHEATH CUT INSIDE THE COVERING TUBE CAPABLE OF USING LONGER SMA WIRE. THE OUTER DIAMETER OF THE GRIPPER IS 3 MM WITH THE TOTAL LENGTH OF 9.5 MM. IT DEMANDS LESS ELECTRIC PULSES TO ACTUATE, EASILY CONTROLLED AND IS APPLICABLE IN HEART SURGERIES WITH LIMITED TROCAR APERTURE. THE OTHER DESIGN FEATURES TOGETHER WITH THE COMPLETE SIMULATION OF THE DEVICE ARE ADDRESSED IN THE ARTICLE. A FULL SCALE PROTOTYPE OF THIS SMA GRIPPER CAPABLE OF USING IN OPERATION ROOM WILL BE PRODUCED BY THE END OF YEAR 2012.

HUMAN ARM STIFFNESS IS IMPORTANT IN MOVEMENT STABILITY IN UNSTABLE OR NOVEL ENVIRONMENTS. THEREFORE MEASUREMENT OF THE ARM STIFFNESS IS NECESSARY TO STUDY ON CONTROL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN STABILIZATION AND ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENTS DYNAMICS. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUES, DID NOT MEASURE TIME-VARYING STIFFNESS EXPLICITLY. HERE WE INTRODUCE A NOVEL METHOD TO ESTIMATE ARM STIFFNESS USING EMG SIGNALS. IN THIS METHOD, MUSCLES ACTIVATION LEVELS ARE RELATED TO JOINTS TORQUES AND STIFFNESS. WE DERIVED ANALYTICAL RELATIONS TO CALCULATE ARM STIFFNESS USING JOINTS DYNAMICS. THIS METHOD WAS USED TO FIND ARM STIFFNESS PROFILE IN 12 SUBJECTS, BEFORE A REACHING MOVEMENT TASK. RESULTS IMPLY THAT THIS METHOD CAN BE USED TO FIND TIME-VARYING PROFILE OF THE ARM STIFFNESS.

CELL MECHANICS IS ONE OF THE FIELDS OF BIOMECHANICS THAT IS ABOUT STUDYING THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CELLS. IN THIS STUDY, BY USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA OBTAINED FROM THE PREVIOUS WORK ON CARDIAC CELL, HERTZ'S MODEL IS INVESTIGATED. IT SHOWS THAT BLUNTNESS HAS GOOD EFFECTS ON ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM) DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS AND ALSO IT SHOWS THAT THE CONICAL PROBE IS NOT SUITED. MOREOVER THE DIFFERENT METHODS TO CALCULATE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY HAVE APPROXIMATELY THE SAME RESULTS

MINIMUM VARIANCE (MV) ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE IS ATTRACTIVE AS IT IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY IMAGES WITH NARROW MAINLOBE WIDTH AND LOW SIDELOBE LEVEL. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF ITS SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER COMPUTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, REALIZING MV IN REAL-TIME IS DIFFICULT. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN COMMODITY GRAPHICAL PROCESSING UNITS HAVE MADE VERY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING POSSIBLE AT VERY AFFORDABLE PRICE. THE USE OF GPUS, WHICH ARE PROGRAMMABLE DEVICES WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF PARALLELISM, CAN ACCELERATE THE COMPUTATIONS OF THE BEAMFORMING PROCESS. IN THIS PAPER, OUR PRIMARY RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTING SIMPLE ADAPTIVE BEMFORMER ON GPU WERE PRESENTED.

EVERY YEAR THOUSANDS OF THE ELDERLY SUFFER SERIOUS DAMAGES SUCH AS ARTICULAR FRACTURES, BROKEN BONES AND EVEN DEATH DUE TO THEIR FALL. IN THIS PAPER, AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM IS DESIGNED BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO SEQUENCES TAKEN FROM THE ELDERLY'S MOVEMENT THAT FIRSTLY SIMULATES THE MOVEMENT OF THE ELDERLY BY DETECTING THEIR ABNORMAL WALKING. BY COMBINING SEVERAL IMPORTANT FEATURES, INCLUDING AN ESTIMATE OF BODY ANGLE, REPRESENTATION OF THE MOTION HISTORY IMAGE (MHI) AND ESTIMATE OF THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT, THE SPEED OF THE FALLING IS CALCULATED. THIS SYSTEM HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED ON A SET OF 57425 VIDEO FRAMES RECEIVED FROM THE ELDERLY RESIDING IN FARZANEGAN HEALTH CARE CENTER IN MASHHAD CITY IN IRAN AND THE VIDEO SEQUENCES CONTAINING THE ACTUAL OCCURRENCE THE OF FALLING. ALL THE SEQUENCES WERE RANDOMLY CONVERTED INTO FOUR MOVIE CATEGORIES WITH THESE DETAILS: AVI FORMAT, 120×160 PIXELS RESOLUTION AND 15 FPS. COMPARED TO SUCH TECHNIQUES AS SHIEH AND ROUGIER, 94.1% AVERAGE ACCURACY (AAC), 92% SENSITIVITY AND 94.47% SPECIFICITY INDICATE THE ABILITY OF THE SYSTEM IN IDENTIFYING THE INCIDENTS SIMILAR TO THE FALL. THE HIGH SPEED DATA PROCESSING OF THE ALGORITHM, 92.91% DETECTION RATE (DR) AND INSIGNIFICANT FALSE ALARM RATE (FAR), 5.59%, DISTINGUISHES THE PROPOSED SYSTEM FROM SIMILAR ONES, PARTICULARLY DUE TO ITS INTELLIGENT MONITORING AND ITS REAL TIME DETECTION OF THE ELDERLY'S FALL.

APPLICATIONS OF BIO-SIGNALS TO CONTROL DISABLED PEOPLE VEHICLES HAVE BEEN INCREASED PROGRESSIVELY. THE MOST CHALLENGING PART OF DEVELOPING A HUMAN- COMPUTER INTERFACE (HCI) IS TO UNDERSTAND THE ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS OF DISABLED PERSONS IN ORDER TO UTILIZE THEM IN HCI PLAN. BESIDES, STRONGLY TIME DEPENDENT NATURE OF RECORDED BIO-SIGNALS CAUSES EXPONENTIAL ERROR INCREASE IN&NBSP; PATTERN RECOGNITION-BASED CONTROL SYSTEMS DURING LONG-TIME OPERATIONS. IN THIS STUDY, A NOVEL HCI HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO NAVIGATE AND CONTROL A VIRTUAL WHEELCHAIR IN WHICH FOREHEAD EMG SIGNALS ARE USED TO DEFINE MOTION FUNCTION AND CONTROL COMMANDS; MOREOVER, EEG SIGNALS ARE APPLIED TO CALCULATE THE AFFECTIVE MEASURES AND SATISFACTION LEVEL DURING WHEELCHAIR NAVIGATION IN THREE VARIOUS VIRTUAL REALITY(VR) ENVIRONMENTS. THE ONLINE TRAINING EFFECTS OF ANFIS FUZZY NETWORK USING NEW SIGNAL PATTERNS THROUGH WHEELCHAIR CONTROL PROCESS ARE CONSIDERED ON SYSTEM STABILITY AND NETWORK ACCURACY. THE AIM OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM IS TO MAINTAIN THE STABILITY OF THE SYSTEM FOR LONG TIME OF USE BY EVALUATING THE USER SATISFACTION LEVEL DURING SPECIFIC TIME INTERVALS AND RETRAINING THE NETWORK WHEN IT IS NECESSARY. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE ONLINE TRAINING IN THE PROPOSED METHOD TWO SETS OF EXPERIMENTS WERE DONE ON 10+3 HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTS. DUE TO EXPERIMENTS, RESULTS SHOW PROPOSED METHOD ACHIEVES 92/3% RECOGNITION ACCURACY. IN COMPARISON WITH THE RESULT OF THE TEST WITHOUT ONLINE TRAINING, THE WHEELCHAIR'S TRAJECTORY ERROR SPECTRUM MEDIAN FREQUENCY SHOWS SALIENT INCREASE WHICH INDICATES UNBALANCED WHEELCHAIR CONTROL CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN THE SYSTEM PROFITS THE ONLINE TRAINING FACILITY IN DECREASING MOTION ERRORS

CURRENTLY ACCEPTED UNDERSTANDING IS THAT HIGH-PROFILE FOOT PROSTHESES CAN HAVE MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS ON BIOMECHANICS OF WALKING FOR PARTIAL FOOT AMPUTEES DESPITE THEIR SOLID STRUCTURE. THESE DEVICES ARE ABLE TO RESTORE THE EFFECTIVE FOOT LENGTH DUE TO THIS SOLIDITY. BUT THE SILICONE PROSTHESES ARE MORE DEFORMABLE AND LIGHT WEIGHTED INCREASING THE USABILITY WHILE DECREASING EFFECTIVE FOOT LENGTH TO THE DISTAL END OF THE STUMP. IN THIS PAPER, A NOVEL DESIGN FOR HIGH-PROFILE PROSTHESES HAS BEEN PRESENTED TO IMPROVE THE GAIT OF PARTIAL FOOT AMPUTEES USING A CUSTOM SHAPED CARBON AFO (ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS) AND INCREASE THE STABILITY OF WALKING DURING THE STANCE PHASE WHILE PROVIDING A MORE FLEXIBLE ANKLE-FOOT JOINT. FOUR SUBJECTS (THREE CHOPART AND ONE LISFRANC AMPUTEES) WERE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY AND FOUR INDIVIDUAL PROSTHESES FABRICATED FOR THESE SUBJECTS. A 3D GAIT ANALYSIS USED TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THESE NEW DEVICES IN RESTORING THE EFFECTIVE FOOT LENGTH AND IMPROVING VERTICAL GRF (GROUND REACTION FORCES) APPLIED TO THE AMPUTATED LEG COMPARED TO THEIR OLD DEVICES USING FORCEPLATE DATA. THE RESULTS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN WALKING SPEED. AS FOR THE COP (CENTER OF PRESSURE) EXCURSION A RELATIVELY NORMAL PROGRESSION ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE REMNANT FOOT DURING STANCE PHASE OBSERVED IN COMPARISON WITH SILICONE AND CLAMSHELL PROSTHESES. THE VERTICAL GRF DATA ALSO SHOWED THAT THE PATTERN OF CARBON AFO AIDED DEVICE IS MORE LIKELY TO NORMAL POPULATION.

IN THIS PAPER,WE PROPOSE A NEW METHOD IN PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS NEURAL NETWORK FOR FACE NORMALIZATION IN WHICH IS USED ATTRACTOR DYNAMICS.PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS NEURAL NETWORK IS USED FOR PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS EXTRACTION AND NONLINEAR SIGNAL PROCESSING AND NORMALIZATION.THE FIRST REASON FOR USAGE OF THEM IS LEARNING AND SIMULATION OF COMPLEX CONNECTIONS AND SECOND THESE CONNECTIONS ARE LEARNED BY MEANS OF STRUCTURE IN WHICH THE INFORMATION IS ANALYZED AND DISTRIBUTED ON NEURONS AND WEIGHTS AND THEN COMBINATION OF RESULTS IS USED FOR OUTPUT. INDEED THIS NETWORK MAKES INTERPOLATION BETWEEN INFORMATION OF INPUT AND ITS OWN CONNECTIONS. BUT THIS NETWORK COULDN'T EXPLAIN ATTRACTIVE BEHAVIOR THAT IS USED IN BRAIN FUNCTION OBVIOUSLY. THIS PAPER CHANGES THE STRUCTURE OF PREVIOUS NETWORK LITTLE AND ABLE IT HAS ATTRACTIVE BEHAVIOR. RESULTS SHOW THAT PROPOSED STRUCTURE HAS A GOOD PERFORMANCE TO FACE IMAGE RETRIEVAL IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

VIRTUAL REALITY CAN PROVIDE THE MEANS OF COMPUTER INTERACTION FOR DISABLED PEOPLE. THERE ARE MANY METHODS FOR AIDING DISABLED PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTER; HOWEVER SOME OF THEM MAY REQUIRE HIGH AMOUNT OF PROCESSING AND CANNOT BE USED IN REAL-TIME. IN ADDITION, MANY METHODS MAY REQUIRE PERIPHERAL HARDWARE TO BE ATTACHED TO THE USERS, WHICH CAN REDUCE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND INCREASE COST OF THE SYSTEM. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE PROPOSE A REAL TIME, LOW COST AND HANDS FREE METHOD FOR TYPING; ONLY UTILIZING USER'S HEAD MOVEMENTS. HEAD MOVEMENT DETECTION IS DONE BY A COLORMARKER DISCRIMINATION ALGORITHM, WHICH COMPARES DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RGB, HUE AND SATURATION COMPONENTS OF THE MARKERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. THE METHOD HAS SHOWN TO BE ADOPTABLE TO DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS. ALSO, TRAINED USERS SHOWED TO BE ABLE TO TYPE A TEXT WITH A REASONABLE SPEED (4.5 S FOR EACH CHARACTER), AND WITH A LOW ERROR RATE (0.0 % TO 5.5 %).

HEAD IS ONE OF IMPORTANT PARTS OF HUMAN BODY THAT INJURIES OF THIS REGION CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE AND EVEN DEATH IN SOME CASES. THE ENGINEERING AIM OF INJURY BIOMECHANICS RESEARCH IS TO DEVELOP METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE BETTER DESIGNS AND ACHIEVE BETTER ENERGY ABSORPTION UNDER IMPACT LOADING FOR ABSORBING MORE ENERGY AND SAFE MODELS. IN THIS STUDY WE USED HONEYCOMB PANELS FOR ABSORBING ENERGY TO REDUCE THE TRANSITION ENERGY TO THE HELMET AND HUMAN HEAD SYSTEM

SOUND TRANSMISSION INTO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS ONE THE TECHNIQUES USED TO DETERMINE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. TRANSMISSION OF SOUND THROUGH A PHANTOM MODEL OF THE LUNG WAS EVALUATED AS A TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING PLEURAL EFFUSION IN THIS STUDY. A PHANTOM MODEL OF THE LUNG WITH ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES SIMILAR TO THE LUNG PARENCHYMA WAS DEVELOPED. PLEURAL EFFUSION WAS MODELED USING TWO PLASTIC BAGS FILLED WITH 600 ML AND 250ML WATER. A CHIRP SIGNAL WITH A FREQUENCY RANGE OF 100 TO 250 HZ WAS TRANSMITTED INTO THE MODEL OF THE LUNG. THE TIME DELAY BETWEEN TRANSMITTED SOUND AND RECEIVED SOUND FROM THE CHEST OF THE MODEL WAS CALCULATED USING CROSS CORRELATION. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE CALCULATED TIME DELAYS AT POINTS ON THE MODEL CORRESPONDING TO THE LOCATIONS WHERE TWO PLASTIC BAGS ARE LOCATED (PLEURAL EFFUSION) ARE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN AT OTHER POINTS. THIS TECHNIQUE MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL OF AN INEXPENSIVE, NON-INVASIVE AND ACCURATE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL WHICH CAN BE USED IN LOW RESOURCE (RURAL) SETTINGS. THE NEXT STAGE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO EVALUATE THIS TECHNIQUE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

IN ORDER TO PERFORM DAILY LIVING ACTIVITIES, THE MOVEMENTS OF SHOULDER, ELBOW AND WRIST JOINTS ARE NECESSARY. SO, IN THIS PAPER AN EXOSKELETON ROBOT WITH 3 DEGREES OF FREEDOM HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO REHABILITATE THE SHOULDER, ELBOW AND WRIST JOINTS. EULER-LAGRANGE METHOD IS USED TO DYNAMIC MODELING OF THE PROPOSED ROBOT. DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF ROBOT SUCH AS MASS, INERTIA AND LENGTH HAVE BEEN SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ADULT. AS THE PERFORMANCE OF SUCH SYSTEMS RELATE TO THE EFFECTS OF FORCE AND PRESSURE ON HUMAN MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, IMPEDANCE CONTROL METHOD IN JOINT SPACE IS PROPOSED. SIMULATION RESULTS SHOW THE HIGH PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPOSED METHOD TO PERFORM THE THERAPIST'S DESIRED MOTIONS FOR REHABILITATING THE PATIENTS.

COLLAGEN AND NON-COLLAGENOUS PROTEINS HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF MINERAL CONSTITUENT OF BONE MATRIX. IN THIS RESEARCH, THE EFFECT OF COLLAGEN ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES WAS INVESTIGATED. THE SYNTHESIS REACTION WAS INITIATED BY MIXING H3PO4 AS PHOSPHOROUS SOURCE AND CACL2 AS CALCIUM SOURCE IN PRESENCE OF COLLAGEN TYPE 1. COLLAGEN CONCENTRATION IN SUSPENSION AND CA TO P RATIO WAS 1% AND 1.67 RESPECTIVELY. THE SAMPLES (WITH COLLAGEN AND WITHOUT COLLAGEN), HEAT TREATED AT 600 0C WERE CHARACTERIZED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD), FOURIER TRANSFORMATION INFRARED (FTIR) AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM). MORE SMALLER AND FLAKELIKE SHAPE PARTICLES WERE OBSERVED IN THE SEM IMAGES OF SAMPLE SYNTHESIZED IN THE PRESENCE OF COLLAGEN COMPARED TO THE CONTROL SAMPLE WHICH WAS CONSTITUTED OF LARGER GRANULAR PARTICLES. THE XRD AND FT-IR RESULTS REVEALED THE POWDERS WERE COMPOSED OFHYDROXYAPATITE AND OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE. P-O AND OH CHARACTERISTIC PEAKS WERE IDENTIFIED IN FT-IR SPECTRA. IT SEEMED THE SAMPLE SYNTHESIZED IN THE PRESENCE OF COLLAGEN WAS LESS CRYSTALLINE

THIS PAPER ADDRESSES A NEW CONTROL SCHEME FOR BILATERAL TELESURGICAL SYSTEM WITH FLEXIBLE LINKS SURGICAL ROBOT. IN THIS REGARD, HYBRID STRUCTURE OF FEEDBACK AND FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER IS SUGGESTED FOR FLEXIBLE SLAVE ROBOT. THIS APPROACH UTILIZES CAPABILITY OF INPUT SHAPING (IS) AS FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER TO REDUCE VIBRATION AT ROBOT'S END TIP AND THE FEEDBACK CONTROLLER BASED ON COLLOCATED PROPORTIONAL-DERIVATIVE (PD) FOR CONTROL RIGID BODY MOTION OF THESYSTEM. STABILITY OF CLOSED LOOP INPUT SHAPER FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS IS DISCUSSED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THIS ARTICLE. THE STABILITY CONDITIONS FOR OVERALL SYSTEM WITH CONSTANT COMMUNICATION TIME DELAY ARE DERIVED USING LYAPUNOV METHOD. DUE TO THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE SYSTEM PARAMETERS, COMBINATION OF THESE CONTROLLERS RESULTS STABILITY ROBUSTNESS TO PARAMETER UNCERTAINTIES. MOREOVER, IT IS SHOWN THAT RESHAPED MASTER COMMAND TO SLAVE'S CONTROLLER IMPROVES TRACKING PERFORMANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF ROBOT FLEXIBILITY. SIMULATION RESULTS ARE USED TO VERIFY THE MAIN THEORETICAL POINTS OF THIS PAPER AND DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOSED CONTROL FRAMEWORK IN TERMS OF INPUT TRACKING AND VIBRATION SUPPRESSION.

IN THIS PAPER, A BIOMEDICAL AMPLIFIER IS DESIGNED TO RECORD ECG SIGNALS IN THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF 0.13 ΜM CMOS IN WHICH A LOWER CUTOFF FREQUENCY BELOW 1 HZ IS ACHIEVED IN THE CIRCUIT BY PSEUDO RESISTOR. IN PREVIOUSLY PRESENTED STRUCTURES, PSEUDO RESISTOR IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 0.13ΜM SHOWS OHMIC VALUE OF ABOUT 10^9 WHICH IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ACCOMPLISH CUT-OFF FREQUENCIES BELOW 1 HZ. IN THIS PAPER, AN APPROPRIATE STRUCTURE OF A PSEUDO RESISTOR IS PROVIDED WHICH SHOWS A RESISTANCE OF ABOUT 10^13 OHMS WHICH THIS RESISTANT IS VERY FAVORABLE IN ACHIEVING THE SYSTEM LOW CUT-OFF FREQUENCIES; THE LOWER CUTOFF FREQUENCY OF THE PROVIDED CIRCUIT RANGES FROM 0.005HZ TO 0.5HZ AND THE HIGH CUTOFF FREQUENCY IS 100HZ. THE AMPLIFIER INPUT TRANSISTORS IN THE REGION SUBTHRESHOLD ARE BIASED. IN ADDITION, THE MOST IMPORTANT POINT CONSIDERED IN THE CIRCUIT DESIGN IS DESIGNING AN APPROPRIATE PSEUDO RESISTOR WITH REGARD TO RECONCILIATION BETWEEN NOISE AND POWER, WHICH EVENTUALLY, THE INPUT REFERRED NOISE IN THE SYSTEM EQUALS 2.4ΜV AND THE TOTAL POWER CONSUMPTION IS 380NW

IN THIS PAPER, WE ATTEMPT TO SIGNIFICANTLY MODEL THE VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PDLS, BY DEVELOPING A GENERALIZED WIECHERT MODEL TO CONSIDER THEIR TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR. THE PDL IS THE MOST DEFORMABLE COMPONENT OF THE PERIODONTUM AND THE MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MODELING OF TOOTH MOBILITY. THE ANALYSIS OF CONTACT BETWEEN THE PDL AND TOOTH IS COMPLETELY CONSIDERED BY A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION. THE CONTACT BEHAVIOR HAS BEEN STUDIED THROUGH AN AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH. THE RESULTS SHOW A GENERAL, RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT NUMERICAL CONTACT APPROACH THAT PROVIDES GOOD PREDICTION.

WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY (WCE) IS AN ALMOST NEW TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE IMAGES FROM THE WHOLE OF GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT, NONINVASIVELY. WCE IS A VERY USEFUL TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT VARIOUS ABNORMALITIES LIKE BLOOD BASED ABNORMALITIES, ULCERS AND POLYPS. WE NOTE THAT POLYPS ARE GROWING TISSUES OCCUR ON THE SURFACE OF TISSUE INSTEAD OF INSIDE AN ORGAN. MOST POLYPS ARE NOT CANCEROUS BUT IF ONE BECOMES LARGER THAN A CENTIMETER, IT CAN TURN INTO CANCER BY GREAT CHANCE. SO, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES OF WCE CAN BE THE EARLY DETECTION OF POLYPS AND CANCERS. IN THIS PAPER WE PROPOSED USING REGION-BASED ACTIVE CONTOUR METHOD (ACM) AND GEOMETRIC FEATURE FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF POLYPS. THE RESULTS ON A SET OF IMAGES SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED METHOD CAN ACHIEVE %90.91 ACCURACY, %100 SENSITIVITY AND %-83.33 SPECIFICITY ON OUR DATA SET.

A FUZZY CONTROLLER INDENTER SYSTEM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES WHERE A CONTROLLED UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE FORCE IS REQUIRED TO BE APPLIED ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN. THIS SYSTEM IS ABLE TO SIMULATE PRESSURE SORE ON THE GUINEA PIGS SKIN DURING A DAY. IT'S USEFUL FOR STUDIES ON THE PRESSURE SORE TREATMENT OR THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE TISSUES. INDENTER IS DRIVEN BY TWO DC MOTORS UNDER A FUZZY CONTROLLER. A LOAD CELL HAS BEEN PLACED BETWEEN THE INDENTER AND VERTICAL ARM, MONITORS THE APPLIED FORCE AND PROBE MOVEMENT IS MEASURED BY AN OPTICAL ENCODER. THESE DATA ARE PROVIDING FEEDBACK SIGNALS TO THE COMPUTER VIA A USB PORT. THIS SYSTEM HAS BEEN CONTROLLED BY MATLAB GUI SOFTWARE. IT CAN BE APPLIED BY CONSTANT VERTICAL, FRICTIONAL OR SHEAR FORCES ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN WHICH LEADING TO CREATE A PRESSURE SORE. IN ADDITION, THE FORCE AND DISPLACEMENT CURVES ARE PLOTTED ON THE DISPLAY.

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF HUMAN BODY IS A REDUNDANT SYSTEM AND AS A RESULT, EMPLOYING ONLY INVERSE DYNAMICS TECHNIQUES TO OBTAIN MUSCLE FORCES WOULD LEAD TO A DEAD END. USING EMG SIGNALS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN MUSCLE FORCES, HAS BEEN USED EXTENSIVELY. IN THIS STUDY, IN ORDER TO PREDICT MUSCLE FORCES OF ELBOW FLEXORS (BICEPS BRACHII, BRACHIORADIALIS, AND BRACHIALIS) AND EXTENSORS (TRICEPS BRACHII) DURING FLEXION/EXTENSION WEIGHT TRAINING WITH A DUMBBELL, A HYBRID EMGDRIVEN METHOD HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED. 6 SUBJECTS (4 WOMEN AND 2 MEN) WERE VOLUNTEERED FOR THE EXPERIMENTS. DURING PERFORMING THE ACTION, USING A HIGH SPEED CAMERA AND A MUSCLE TESTER DEVICE, KINEMATIC INFORMATION AND EMG SIGNALS WERE OBTAINED, RESPECTIVELY. BESIDES, EXPLOITING MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING METHOD, MAXIMUM&NBSP; VOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF ALL OF THE MENTIONED MUSCLES FOR EACH SUBJECT HAS BEEN MEASURED. THE EMG-DRIVEN METHOD, INCORPORATED A FORWARD AND AN INVERSE DYNAMICS APPROACH, AND BY COMPARING THE JOINT MOMENTS OBTAINED FROM THESE TWO ROUTINES, THE UNKNOWN VARIABLES OF THE MODEL (ELECTROMECHANICAL DELAY, SHAPE FACTOR, EXCITATION FILTER COEFFICIENTS) WERE OBTAINED. FINALLY, IN ORDER TO COMPARE THE VIRTUE OF THE MUSCLE FORCES, THESE RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH THE SAME RESULTS OBTAINED FROM A STATIC OPTIMIZATION METHOD (OBJECTIVE FUNCTION: SUM OF SQUARED MUSCLE FORCES). CONDUCTING A TWO-WAY ANOVA FOR COMPARING THE RESULTS, A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO RESULTS, HAS BEEN OBSERVED (P<0.005).

RECENT RESEARCHES IN PERVASIVE COMPUTING FIELD LEADS TO USE OF NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION. ONE OF THESE TECHNIQUES IS ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY WHICH HELPS TO RECORD EYE MOVEMENTS AND BY ANALYZING THESE MOVEMENTS' PATTERNS IT'S POSSIBLE TO RECOGNIZE DAILY LIFE ACTIVITIES LIKE READING. EYE MOVEMENT PATTERNS DURING READING CAN BE DETECTED USING ONLY EOG SIGNALS FROM HORIZONTAL CHANNEL INSTEAD OF BOTH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CHANNELS, SO ONLY HORIZONTAL CHANNEL ELECTRODE PLACEMENT ON SUBJECT'S FACE SET UP FOR HINDRANCE REDUCTION IS USED IN THIS WORK. DESPITE OF CHANNELS REDUCTION AND BY USING DTW-BASED STRING MATCHING ALGORITHM AND READING REFERENCE TEMPLATE EXTRACTION USING WAVELET TRANSFORM AND ENCODING OF EOG SIGNAL, THE PERFORMANCE OF CLASSIFICATION BETWEEN READING AND NON-READING DATA INCREASED, AS IT SHOWS 4% INCREASE IN MAXIMUM RECOGNITION RATE AND ALSO LOW STANDARD DEVIATION IN RECOGNITION RATE IN ADDITION TO 7% INCREASE IN MEAN OF RECALL WHICH DEMONSTRATE THAT THE ALGORITHM IS MORE ROBUST AND RELIABLE IN COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ALGORITHMS ENCOUNTERING VARIOUS SITUATIONS AND SUBJECTS

THE INVERSE MAPPING IN MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY INVOLVES LOCALIZING NEURONAL ACTIVITY OF THE GRAY MATTER TISSUE FROM MEASURED SIGNALS AROUND THE HEAD. THE SEARCH SPACE OF THE INVERSE MAPPING IS CONVENTIONALLY REPRESENTED IN 3-D CARTESIAN COORDINATES INCLUDING THE CORTICAL VOLUME, OR ALTERNATIVELY, 2-D MANIFOLD DESCRIBING THE CORTICAL TISSUE. 3-D CARTESIAN COORDINATES DOES NOT SUIT SPARSE REGULARIZATION OF THE INVERSE MAPPING IN MULTI-RESOLUTION SOURCE DOMAINS. ON THE OTHER HAND, BOUNDARY SURFACE OF THE CORTEX, REPRESENTED AS TRIANGULATED MESH, IS USED AS THE SEARCH SPACE IN SOME OTHER INVERSE MAPPING TECHNIQUES. HOWEVER, THIS SURFACE DOES NOT REPRESENT DEPTH OF THE CORTEX. MOREOVER, TO REPRESENT NEURONAL ACTIVITY IN EMBEDDED SIGNAL DICTIONARIES, CONVOLUTED MANIFOLD SHOULD BE GRIDDED. IN THIS PAPER WE PROPOSE TO USE MEDIAL SURFACE AS THE BEST SURFACE DESCRIPTOR OF THE CORTICAL TISSUE. FURTHERMORE, MANIFOLD GRIDDING IS CONSTRUCTED BY DEFINING BIJECTIVE MAPPING BETWEEN A FLATTENED PARAMETERIZED DOMAIN AND CONVOLUTED SURFACE. SIGNAL BASES ARE DEFINED CONVENTIONALLY IN THE PARAMETERIZED DOMAIN AND MAPPED TO THE CORTICAL VOLUME BY MEANS OF THE BIJECTIVE MAPPING. MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE CORTEX TISSUE, REPRESENTED AS TRIANGULATED MESH, IS EXTRACTED BY GRADIENT-BASED SEARCH ALGORITHM. SOURCE LOCALIZATION, FOR SIMULATED NEURONAL ACTIVITY, IS PERFORMED IN REAL HEAD MODEL EXTRACTED FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES. SPARSE ESTIMATED SOURCE OF THE INVERSE MAPPING ARE COMPARED ON VOLUME, BOUNDARY SURFACE, AND MEDIAL SURFACE DOMAINS. SIMULATION RESULTS CONFIRM ADVANTAGES OF SURFACE OVER VOLUME DOMAIN. PERFORMNACE MEASURES OF SOURCE LOCALIZATION PROVES THE MEDIAL SURFACE AS THE BEST SURFACE DESCRIBING THE CORTEX VOLUME.

EXTREMAL OPTIMIZATION IS AN EVOLUTIONARY LOCAL SEARCH ALGORITHM THAT HAS BEEN NOTED DUE TO ITS NATURAL INSPIRATION. IN THIS WORK, WE AIM TO SHOW THE ROLE OF THIS ALGORITHM IN IMAGE SEGMENTATION, FOR SEGMENTING MEDICAL IMAGES IN WHICH MRI BRAIN IMAGES ARE USED FOR TESTING. IN THIS SEGMENTATION, BY DEFINING A NEW ENERGY FUNCTION FOR DIFFERENT REGIONS AND BY USING THE ENERGY FUNCTION IN MARKOV RANDOM FIELD MODEL FOR PIXELS, THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ALGORITHM IS IMPROVED TO OPTIMIZE THE ENERGY FUNCTION AND LEAD TO A SEGMENTED IMAGE CONTAINING THE REQUIRED REGIONS. FIRST, BY REDUCING THE COLORS OF IMAGES, OVER-SEGMENTED IMAGES ARE GIVEN TO THE ALGORITHM AS INITIALS AND THEN IN EACH ITERATION, LOWER FIT REGIONS ARE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE PROBABILITY FUNCTION AND MERGED WITH SIMILAR ADJACENT REGIONS. ALSO, LOWER FIT PIXELS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SELECTED AND CHANGED SINCE THE IMAGE LATTICE IS SENSITIVE TO THE CHANGES AND LOW CHANGES IN EACH PIXEL WILL RESULT IN CHANGING THE WHOLE LATTICE, A PHENOMENON KNOWN AS "AVALANCHE". VISUAL EXAMINATION SHOWS THAT BY GIVING THE FINAL NUMBER OF CLASSES, THE ALGORITHM CAN OBTAIN PROPER RESULT ACCORDING TO THE ENERGY FUNCTION

DIFFUSION TENSOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (DTMRI) IS A NONINVASIVE METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING THE BRAIN WHITE MATTER STRUCTURE. IT CAN BE USED TO EVALUATE FIBER BUNDLES IN THE BRAIN BUT IN THE REGIONS WITH CROSSING FIBERS, IT FAILS. TO RESOLVE THIS PROBLEM, HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION DIFFUSION IMAGING (HARDI) WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF DIFFUSION ENCODING DIRECTIONS IS USED AND FOR RECONSTRUCTION, THE Q-BALL METHOD IS APPLIED. IN THIS METHOD, ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (ODF) OF FIBERS CAN BE CALCULATED. MATHEMATICAL MODELS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE FIELD OF ODF. FOR INSTANCE, IN REGISTERING Q-BALL IMAGES FOR APPLICATIONS LIKE GROUP ANALYSIS OR ATLAS CONSTRUCTION, ONE NEEDS TO INTERPOLATE ODFS. TO THIS END, PRINCIPAL DIFFUSION DIRECTIONS (PDDS) OF EACH ODF ARE NEEDED. IN THIS PAPER, PDDS ARE DEFINED AS VECTORS THAT CONNECT THE CORRESPONDING LOCAL MAXIMA OF ODF VALUES. THEN, ODFS ARE INTERPOLATED USING PDDS. THE PROPOSED METHOD IS EVALUATED AND COMPARED WITH PREVIOUSPROTOCOLS. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM PRESERVES THE PRINCIPAL DIRECTION OF FIBER TRACTS WITHOUT PRODUCING ANY DEVIATIONS IN THE TRACTS. IT IS SHOWN THAT CHANGES IN THE ENTROPY OF THE INTERPOLATED ODFS ARE ALMOST LINEAR AND THE BLOATING EFFECT (BLURRING OF THE PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS) CAN BE REMOVED

LASER INTERSTITIAL THERMOTHERAPY (LITT) IS A SURGICAL METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES SUCH AS LIVER, BRAIN, PROSTATE AND NECK. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE PROCESS IN LASERTISSUE INTERACTIONS DURING LASER IRRADIATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR OPTIMAL TREATMENT PLANNING. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF APPLICATOR CHANGES IN LIGHT PROPAGATION AND HEAT GENERATION IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE DURING LITT. FOR THIS PURPOSE A THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL WAS DEVELOPED TO STUDY APPLICATOR CHANGES EFFECTS. MONTE CARLO METHOD WITH VARIABLE STEP SIZE AND IMPLICIT CAPTURE TECHNIQUE WAS USED FOR SIMULATION OF LIGHT PROPAGATION IN TISSUE. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) WAS USED FOR SOLVING PENNES AND ARRHENIUS EQUATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE AND DAMAGE IN TISSUE, RESPECTIVELY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT DECREASING THE APPLICATOR SIZE AND ITS DIAMETER CAUSE HIGHER TEMPERATURE AND DAMAGE VOLUME AND APPLICATOR POSITION IN TISSUE EFFECTS THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND DAMAGE IN TISSUE

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE SAFE MOVEMENT OF PATHFINDER ROBOT IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT (VE) COMPRISING FIXED AND MOVING OBSTACLES ONLY BY USING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) SIGNAL. IN THE PROPOSED SYSTEM, USERS CAN CHOOSE THE MOVEMENT DESTINATION USING P300 EVOKED POTENTIAL AND ALSO CHANGE THE VELOCITY TO REACT TO THE MOVING OBSTACLES IN THE REAL TIME. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF SYSTEM EVALUATION ON FOUR HEALTHY MALE PERSONS ILLUSTRATE ITS ABILITY TO MOVE DIFFERENT OBJECTS BY HANDICAP USERS.

NOWADAYS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ARE ONE OF THE MOST MAJOR CAUSES OF MORTALITY. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (CTA) IS A VERY USEFUL IMAGING TOOL TO DIAGNOSIS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO ANALYZE THE CTA IMAGES WELL. THIS PAPER PROPOSED A NEW METHOD FOR FULLY AUTOMATIC CARDIOVASCULAR SEGMENTATION BASED ON COMBINATION OF HOUGH TRANSFORM AND REGION GROWING ALGORITHM. IT IS A ROBUST METHOD WHICH SEGMENTS ASCENDING AORTA, DESCENDING AORTA, AND LEFT VENTRICLE CONCURRENTLY. COMPARING TO THE MANUAL METHOD WHICH IS DONE BY CARDIORADIOLOGIST AND PREVIOUS AUTOMATIC AND SEMI- AUTOMATIC WORKS, OUR METHOD IS FASTER, MORE ACCURATE, AND FULLY AUTOMATIC. THIS PROCEDURE ALSO CAN BE APPLIED TO CORONARY SEGMENTATION. THE VALIDATION OF THE ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGES IS EVALUATED BY CARDIORADIOLOGIST. BY EVALUATING 10 DATASETS, WHICH CONTAIN ABOUT 5000 IMAGES, THE ACCURACY OF THE METHOD IS 100% COMPARING TO THE GOLD STANDARD. OUR GOLD STANDARD IS THE IMAGES SEGMENTED BY CARDIORADIOLOGIST

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) SIGNALS USED IN BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES (BCIS) CHANGE OVER TIME, BOTH WITHIN A SINGLE SESSION AND BETWEEN SESSIONS. FACTORS SUCH AS CHANGE IN STRATEGY BY THE USER, SENSORIMOTOR LEARNING, USER FATIGUE, SMALL DIFFERENCES IN ELECTRODE POSITION AND MUSCULAR ACTIVITY RESULT IN NONSTATIONARY EEG DYNAMICS. DEALING WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS WHEN TRANSFERRING FROM THE CALIBRATION TO A FEEDBACK SESSION IS A CHALLENGING BUT CRITICAL ISSUE IN BCI APPLICATIONS. TO COPE WITH THIS PROBLEM, A FRAMEWORK BASED ON CONSTANT-Q FILTER BANK COMMON SPATIAL PATTERNS (FBCSP) AND LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS (LDA) IS PROPOSED. THIS FRAMEWORK HAS BEEN APPLIED ON DATASET IVC FROM THE BCI COMPETITION III. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED METHOD COMPARES FAVORABLY WITH AN ADAPTIVE FRAMEWORK SUCH AS COVARIATE SHIFT ADAPTATION IN TACKLING THE NONSTATIONARITY IN BCIS

THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE (SAS) CONTAINS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) AND A VARIETY OF TRABECULAE THAT ARE ARRANGED BETWEEN THE ARACHNOID MATER AND THE PIA LAYERS OF THE MENINGES, WHICH STABILIZES THE SHAPE AND THE POSITION OF THE BRAIN DURING HEAD MOVEMENTS. THE COMPLEX GEOMETRY OF SUBARACHNOID TRABECULAE MAKES IT EXTREMELY CHALLENGING FOR THE RESEARCHERS TO MODEL THE ROLE OF THEM IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) FLOW. THE GOAL OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF SUBARACHNOID TRABECULAE IN CSF FLOW, AND INTRODUCE AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL. THREE FLUID MODELS WERE CREATED: 1) A MODEL WITH NORMAL CSF PROPERTIES, 2) A MODEL WITH AN EQUIVALENT FLUID, AND 3) A MODIFIED MODEL HAVING TRABECULAE AS SOME FLOWOBSTACLES. IT IS FOUND THAT THE TRABECULAE YIELD SMOOTHER PRESSURE RESPONSE IN A HEAD IMPACT SIMULATION. THE SUDDEN PRESSURE CHANGES IN SAS ARE MAINLY CAUSED BY THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE TRABECULAE ANATOMY. THE STUDY SHOWED THAT THE PRESENCE OF TRABECULAE SHOULD NOT BE IGNORED, AND THE MODIFIED MODEL COULD BE USED TO SHOW HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF TRABECULAE IN SAS.

IN THIS PAPER, AN ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROL (ANFSMC) IS EMPLOYED FOR CONTROL OF QUIET STANDING POSTURE IN PARAPLEGIA USING FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION. FOR THIS PURPOSE, A DYNAMIC MODEL OF PARAPLEGIC STANDING IS PROPOSED AS A VIRTUAL PATIENT. THE SKELETAL MODEL COMPRISES THE FEET, SHANKS, THIGHS, TRUNK, ARMS, FOREARMS AND A WALKER. EACH JOINT WAS MODELED AS A HINGE JOINT. THE HEAD, TRUNK AND PELVIS ARE LUMPED INTO A SINGLE RIGID BODY. EACH JOINT IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IS DRIVEN BY A PAIR OF MUSCLES. THE MUSCLE MODEL USED FOR SIMULATION OF EQUIVALENT FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR MUSCLES INCLUDES AN INPUT DELAY, NONLINEAR RECRUITMENT, LINEAR DYNAMICS, AND MULTIPLICATIVE NONLINEAR TORQUEANGLE AND TORQUE-VELOCITY SCALING FACTORS. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE CONTROLLER COULD SUCCESSFULLY MAINTAIN THE UPRIGHT POSTURE IN A STABLE WAY AND STABILIZE THE QUIET STANDING POSTURE DURING FATIGUE AND APPLYING EXTERNAL DISTURBANCES

IN ORDER TO ACCESS TO AN ACCURATE DETECTION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM SIGNAL IN MEDICAL APPROACHES ESPECIALLY MOBILE HEALTH AND WEARABLE MEDICAL DEVICES, DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE CANCELLATION ALGORITHMS SEEMS ESSENTIAL. IN THIS STUDY, THE POWER LINE NOISE IN ECG SIGNAL IS FILTERED USING SEVERAL METHODS INCLUDING DFT BASED, IIR, FIR, ADAPTIVE, KALMAN, WAVELET AND HIGHER ORDER STATISTICS FILTERS. SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR) IMPROVEMENTS OF THE FILTERS ARE THEN COMPARED. IT IS FOUND THAT FIR AND IIR FILTERING RESULT IN HIGHER SNR IMPROVEMENT

A NEW PATH PLANNING STRATEGY INSPIRED BY HUMAN PATH PLANNING IS PROPOSED BASED ON THE DYNAMIC WAVE EXPANSION NEURAL NETWORK (DWENN) FOR MOVING IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT. THE PROPOSED METHOD PERFORMS IN TWO PHASES. IN FIRST PHASE, A COARSE PATH IS PRODUCED BY USING THE DWENN AND A COGNITIVE MAP TO REPRESENT THE ENVIRONMENT CONFIGURATION. IN SECOND PHASE, TO IMPROVE THE COARSE PATH, A PREDICTIVE APPROACH IS ITERATIVELY EMPLOYED BY COMBINATION OF THE LOCALLY RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK (LRNN) AND DWENN TO PLAN A MOTION VECTOR IN A FINITE PREDICTION HORIZON AND EXECUTE IT IN A CONTROL HORIZON. A TASK IS INTENDED TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF PROPOSED METHOD IN CROSSING THE STREET INCLUDING A CAR AS A DYNAMIC OBSTACLE. IN THIS VALUATION, DIFFERENT SIMULATIONS WITH VARIOUS PREDICTION AND CONTROL HORIZON HAVE BEEN DONE. OUR RESULTS IMPLY THAT BY INSERTING A PREDICTIVE METHOD AND ADJUSTING THE PREDICTION AND CONTROL HORIZONS, THE DWENN CAN SATISFACTORILY GENERATE A COLLISION-FREE PATH IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS

PEOPLE WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD) CONCERNS WITHOUT BEING CONCERNED WITH THE PORTRAYAL OF SERIOUS CONCERN TO BE INVOLVED. AND THIS MAKES THEM SELF-EXCITATION IS LIMITED. SO, THE FORMATION OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THE DISORDER IS EVALUATED. IN THIS STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE ASSESS THE BRAIN SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. FOR THIS PURPOSE, EEG SIGNALS IN THREE CHANNELS IN CONTROL GROUP (N=19) AND GAD GROUP (N=13), WITH A GOOD RECORD COLLECTION PROTOCOL WAS COLLECTED. AFTER PREPROCESSING THE SIGNALS INCLUDES AC NOISE REMOVAL, HIGH FREQUENCY AND LOW FREQUENCY NOISE REMOVAL, EOG ARTIFACT REMOVAL USING ADAPTIVE FILTERING AND AND SIGNAL SEGMENTATION, TIME, FREQUENCY, WAVELET AND NONLINEAR FEATURES WAS OBTAINED FOR THE TWO SERIES. ASSESSMENT THESE PROPERTIES PROVES THAT NONLINEAR AND WAVELET FEATURES HAVE A GOOD REPRESENTATION OF THE BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN IN THIS DISORDER. IN THE CLASSIFICATION PHASE, SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM), WITH A ACCURACY OF 93.7% MADE THE DIAGNOSIS OF GAD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS POSSIBLE. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED METHOD IS ABLE TO DETECT GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER WITH AN ACCEPTABLE ACCURACY

A NOVEL METHOD TO DETECT THE SKIN CANCER BY USING ADAPTIVE COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS (CADX) IN DERMOSCOPY IMAGES IS PRESENTED. AFTER DISTINGUISHING OF LESION, SHAPE AND TEXTURE FEATURES IS EXTRACTED FROM REGIONS OF INTEREST (ROI). ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS AND NRL FEATURES ARE UTILIZED AS DESCRIPTORS OF SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS. ALSO, TEXTURE FEATURES ARE EXTRACTED BY GLCM, GLRLM, PSD AND RIPPLET TRANSFORM. VALUABLE FEATURE REDUCE WITH PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) AND PROPOSED METHOD AND FUSED TOGETHER. THEN, MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON (MLP), SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM), K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (K-NN), NAÏVE BAYES, CLASSIFY THEM. AS A RESULT, THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF MELANOMA AND AREA UNDER AN ROC CURVE (AZ) IS IMPROVED, SIMULTANEOUSLY. AZ IN PCA AND PROPOSED METHODS ARE CALCULATED 0.872 AND 0.912 AND ALSO MAXIMUM CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ARE CALCULATED 92.07 AND 94.73. TO COMPARE THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE DESIGNS PRESENTED IN THE LITERATURE, A FIG. OF MERIT (FOM) IS PROPOSED. IMPROVEMENT OF PROPOSED METHOD COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS WORKS IS EVIDENT FROM SIMULATION RESULTS.

NOWADAYS EYE GAZE TRACKING HAS WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS IN HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION. ONE OF THESE APPLICATIONS IS USING TRAJECTORY OF EYE GAZE INSTEAD OF FOOT OR HAND FOR DISABLED PEOPLE TO EXECUTE SOME COMMANDS. VARIOUS METHODS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED, SOME OF THIS METHODS CAN SUCCESSFULLY TRACK THE EYE GAZE. HOWEVER, THEY ALWAYS REQUIRE SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES, TRAINING OR ARE NOT CAPABLE OF REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE. IN THIS PAPER, WE PROPOSED A FRAMEWORK TO TRACK EYE GAZE IN REAL-TIME BY USING A SIMPLE AND LOW COST WEBCAM MOUNTED ON ORDINARY LAPTOPS. THIS PROCESS WIDELY EXPLOITS THE WEIGHTED NORMALIZED CORRELATION FUNCTION IN AN ADAPTIVE TEMPLATE MATCHING APPROACH. THE IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM TRACKS THE FACE AND ALSO EXTRACTS SOME EYE FEATURES SUCH AS IRIS POSITION, EYE CORNERS AND SCLERA REGION IN EYES, IN REAL TIME. THESE FEATURES ARE USED IN EYE GAZE ESTIMATION. ALSO THE INFLUENCE OF ILLUMINATION CHANGES, BACKGROUND ALTERATIONS, DIFFERENT FACES AND FACE MOVEMENTS IS MINIMIZED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. THE IMPLEMENTED GAZE TRACKING SYSTEM IS ABLE TO CONTROL THE MOTIONS OF MOUSE CURSOR AND CLICK ON AN ONSCREEN KEYBOARD IN REAL TIME.

IN THIS STUDY, AT FIRST THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IS MODELED BASED ON THE 1D METHOD AND THEN THE SIMULATION OF THE REACTIVE HYPEREMIA EXPERIMENT HAS BEEN APPLIED ON THE MODEL. IN THIS SIMULATION, BY APPLYING A CUFF AT THE BRACHIAL ARTERY, THE FLOW DOWNSTREAM OF THE CUFF IS OCCLUDED. THEN WITH RELEASING THE CUFF IMMEDIATELY, A LARGE AMOUNT OF SHEAR STRESS, ABOUT 4 TIMES THE BASAL AMOUNT, IS APPLIED DOWNSTREAM OF THE CUFF AND CONSEQUENTLY TO THE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN A VERY SHORT MOMENT. CONSIDERING A REPORTED EXPERIMENTAL TRANSFER FUNCTION BETWEEN SHEAR STRESS AND VASODILATION, THE INCREASE OF THE ARTERY DIAMETER DUE TO THE SUDDEN INCREASE OF THE SHEAR STRESS IS OBTAINED. FINALLY, THE PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY (PPG) SIGNAL VARIATION AFTER RELEASING THE CUFF IS CALCULATED. BY STUDYING THE METHOD OF THE VARIATION OF THIS SIGNAL IN THE CLINICAL EXPERIMENT FOR A GROUP OF HEALTHY PEOPLE AND PEOPLE WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA DISEASE , IT HAS BEEN CLEAR THAT A PARAMETER RELATED TO THE PPG SIGNAL VARIATION CAN BE DETERMINED, SO THAT THIS OBTAINED PARAMETER CAN DISCRETE THESE TWO GROUPS. COMPARING THE CACULATED PARAMETER OBTAINED FROM THE SIGNAL VARIATION FROM THE MODEL, IT WAS FOUND THAT THE CURRENT MODEL RESULTS ARE SIMILAR TO THE HEALTHY GROUP.

FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (FMRI) AND STRUCTURAL MRI (SMRI) PROVIDE COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL MODELS MAY BE USED TO FUSE NEUROIMAGING DATA ACROSS DIFFERENT IMAGING MODALITIES. IN THIS PAPER, WE PRESENT A DATA DRIVEN METHOD FOR FUSING RESTING STATE FMRI AND DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI) DATA AT FEATURE LEVEL. THE FEATURES ARE AMPLITUDE OF LOW FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS (ALFF) AND FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY (FA) EXTRACTED FROM FMRI AND DTI DATASETS OF EPILEPSY AND HEALTHY CONTROLS, RESPECTIVELY. WE DISCUSS MAIN ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH GROUP INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (ICA) AS A FUSION METHOD. WE ADDRESS OUR PROPOSED APPROACH FOR COMBINING TWO MODALITIES ACROSS SUBJECTS AND BACK RECONSTRUCTION OF INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS FOR EACH GROUP AND EACH SUBJECT. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT CONNECTIVITY OF REGIONS IN DEFAULT MODE NETWORK DEPENDS ON INTEGRITY OF WHITE MATTER THAT CONNECTS THE TWO HEMISPHERES (CORPUS CALLOSUM). THE PROPOSED SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL METHODS FACILITATE EVALUATION OF BRAIN CONNECTIVITY USING DIFFERENT MODALITIES. SEPARATE ANALYSIS OF DATA MODALITIES DOES NOT REVEAL RESULTS OF JOINT ANALYSIS

THE BRAIN OF HUMAN COMBINES MULTIPLE SENSORY INFORMATION TO FORM COHERENT AND UNIFIED PERCEPT. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) ESTIMATES THE EFFECTOR'S POSITION BY INTEGRATING THE SENSORY INFORMATION (VISION AND PROPRIOCEPTION) TO PERFORM A MOVEMENT, FOR EXAMPLE REACHING TO A CUP. THERE ARE DIFFERENT MODELS THAT EXPLAIN THIS PHENOMENON. DISADVANTAGE OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL SUCH AS BAYESIAN INTERFACE IS THAT THEY AREN'T BASED ON NEURAL MECHANISM. SO MODELS SUCH AS POPULATION CODES ARE PROPOSED. FOR SITUATIONS IN WHICH THE SENSORY STIMULI ARE ONE SOURCE, SOME NEURAL MODEL IS PROPOSED BUT FOR SITUATIONS IN WHICH THE SENSORY STIMULI ARE FAR APART, A NEURAL MODEL HAS NOT BEEN SUGGESTED YET. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO PROPOSE A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR THIS SITUATION. THE MODEL IS INSPIRED BY THE NEURO-IMAGING FINDINGS. IN THE MODEL, THERE ARE TWO POPULATIONS OF NEURONS CODING VISUAL AND PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSORY STIMULI POSITIONS IN A MULTILAYER RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK. ALSO THE TWO POPULATIONS HAVE CONNECTIONS IN BETWEEN. IN THIS WAY THE MODEL CAN TO SIMULATE THE EFFECT OF SENSORY ATTENTION. THE MODEL WAS TESTED BY BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTS THAT EXPLAINED BRIEFLY IN THIS PAPER

IN THIS STUDY, A NEW METHOD IS PRESENTED TO PREDICT THE BALANCE DYNAMICS DURING THE QUIET STANDING. SINCE THE CENTER OF PRESSURE (COP) POSITION RELATIVE TO BASE OF SUPPORT IS THE MAIN MEASURE OF STABILITY, THE TIME VARIATIONS OF COP POSITION CAN BE INTERPRETED AS THE BALANCE DYNAMIC. EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED WITH ABLE-BODIED SUBJECTS AND FOLLOWING NONLINEAR ANALYSES ENABLED US TO SHOW THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BALANCE DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT HEALTHY SUBJECTS. TWO NONLINEAR FEATURES CALLED LYAPUNOV EXPONENT AND CORRELATION DIMENSION WERE CALCULATED TO ANALYZE THE VARIATIONS OF COP POSITION. IN THE NEXT STEP, AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK WAS TRAINED AND TESTED THROUGH THE RECORDED DATA TO PREDICT THE COP POSITION DURING QUIET STANDING. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE ACCEPTABLE EFFICIENCY OF PRESENTED METHOD TO PREDICT THE BALANCE DYNAMICS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS DURING QUIET STANDING.

HEART IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND VITAL BODY ORGANS, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD TO DIFFERENT BODY TISSUES. ABNORMALITIES IN EACH PART OF HEART CAN LEAD TO LACK OF PROPER BLOOD CIRCULATION. ARTERIAL DUCT IS ONE OF MAJOR PARTS OF EMBRYONIC CYCLES WHICH MAY PROVIDE THE POSSIBILITY FOR A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AORTA AND PULMONARY ARTERY. CLOSURE OF THIS DUCT CAUSES THE ABNORMALITY OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS(PDA). IN THIS PAPER WE PROPOSE A NOVEL MODEL FOR HUMAN HEART FOR ACCURATE SIMULATION OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS ABNORMALITY. THE MODEL IS OBTAINED BY EXPLOITING THE MATHEMATICAL RELATION BETWEEN HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF HEART, INCLUDING PRESSURE, BLOOD, VOLUME, AND FLOW. THE PROPOSED MODEL IS VERIFIED USING CLINICAL DATA

ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS (UCAS) PROVIDE EXCELLENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR BIOMEDICAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING, AS WELL AS FOR TRANSPORT AND DELIVERY OF VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC SUBSTANCES. PERCEPTION OF ENCAPSULATED MICROBUBBLE DYNAMICS IS ESSENTIAL FOR EXTENDING ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP NEW DRUG OR GENE DELIVERY TECHNIQUES AND ALSO FOR IMPROVING DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING. NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS OF UCAS UNDER ACTION OF AN ULTRASOUND FIELD ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS PAPER COMPLEX BEHAVIOR OF ENCAPSULATED MICROBUBBLE IS INVESTIGATED THEORETICALLY BY ALTERING DIFFERENT SUBSTANTIAL PARAMETERS USING CHAOS THEORY. IT IS FOUND THAT THE CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR OF MICROBUBBLE INCREASES IN HIGH PRESSURE AMPLITUDES, MOREOVER IT IS SHOWN THAT THE STABILITY OF MICROBUBBLE IS INCREASED BY UTILIZING HIGH MAGNITUDES OF APPLIED FREQUENCY. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE SHELL HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE ON UCA BEHAVIOR.

THIS STUDY CONSIDERS BLOOD FLOW IN TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION (TCPC) MORPHOLOGY, CREATED IN FONTAN SURGICAL PROCEDURE IN PATIENTS WITH A SINGLE VENTRICLE HEART DISEASE. ORDINARY PROCESS OF TCPC OPERATION REDUCES PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW PULSATILITY; SINCE THE RIGHT VENTRICLE BEING BYPASSED. THIS REDUCTION MAY LIMIT THE LONG TERM OUTCOME OF FONTAN CIRCULATION. THERE IS AN IDEA OF INCREASING PULMONARY FLOW PULSATIONS BY KEEPING MAIN PULMONARY ARTERY (MPA) PARTIALLY OPEN WHILE IT WAS CLOSED IN ORDINARY TCPC OPERATION. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS TO VERIFY THE EFFECTS OF ANTEGRADE FLOW (AF) COMING THROUGH STENOSED MPA ON PULMONARY FLOW PULSATIONS, BY MEANS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD). THE 3-D GEOMETRY IS RECONSTRUCTED FROM CT ANGIOGRAPHY SCAN OF A PATIENT WHO HAS UNDERGONE AN ORDINARY TCPC PROCEDURE. THE STENOSED MPA OR PULMONARY STENOSIS (PS) IS VIRTUALLY ADDED TO THE ORIGINAL GEOMETRY. INLET VELOCITY PROFILES ARE OBTAINED FROM ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DATA OF THE SAME PATIENT. AF PROFILE IN A CARDIAC CYCLE IS OBTAINED FROM A GENERAL PRESSURE CYCLE OF LEFT VENTRICLE, ASSUMING A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE GRADIENT AND FLOW RATE IN PS. WE APPLIED A 3D-1D COUPLED METHOD TO SIMULATE BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SITUATION MORE PRECISELY. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT ADDING AF INCREASES PULSATILITY INDEX (PI) IN BOTH LEFT AND RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY (LPA AND RPA RESPECTIVELY). MOREOVER, ADDING AF LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN ENERGY LOSS. IT ALSO INCREASES THE PULMONARY-TO-SYSTEMIC FLOW RATIO LEADING TO INCREASE IN TOTAL CARDIAC FLOW RATE AND HENCE HEART POWER

BECAUSE OF THE MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENTS OCCUR AT THE MIDDLE POINTS OF THE HUMAN FEMUR, FRACTURES OF THIS BONE ARE ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENT BONES FRACTURED. THE PLATE AND SCREW INTERNAL FIXATION TECHNIQUE IS WIDELY USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURED LONG BONES. THE PLATE AND SCREW INTERNAL FIXATION TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN IMPROVED IN RECENT YEARS AND MANY RESEARCHES HAVE BEEN DONE ON THE CALCULATING STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A FRACTURED BONE BY CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF THE BONE PLATE. HOWEVER, THE EFFECT OF THE SCREWS WERE NOT CONSIDERED. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS CALCULATION OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION AND MAXIMUM STRESS IN FRACTURED FEMUR DUE TO THE BONE PLATE SCREWS PRETENSION AS A FUNCTION OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM. A 3D SIMPLIFIED FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF FEMUR, BONE PLATE AND SCREWS HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED. THEN A CONSTANT PRETENSION IS APPLIED TO ALL OF THE BONE PLATE SCREWS AND THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IS CALCULATED FOR SOME DIFFERENT DISTANCE BETWEEN SCREWS. FINALLY, THE OPTIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN BONE PLATE SCREWS IS DISCUSSED

IN THIS ARTICLE THE EFFECT OF LATERAL POSITION ON A CIRCULAR RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) DEFORMATION IS INVESTIGATED BY TWO DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION. TWO DIFFERENT LATERAL POSITIONS (CENTERLINE AND OFF-CENTER) ARE CONSIDERED. DUO TO THE DIFFICULTIES IN COMMON NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SIMULATING THIS PROCESS THE LATTICE- BOLTZMANN METHOD HAS BEEN APPLIED. THE DIAMETERS OF MICROCHANNEL AND RBC ARE 20 ΜM AND 4 ΜM RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE CENTERLINE AND OFF-CENTER RBC ARE CHANGED INTO PARACHUTE AND ELLIPTIC SHAPE RESPECTIVELY. FURTHERMORE THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OFF-CENTER RBC AND ITS INITIAL SHAPE IS MUCH MORE THAN CENTERLINE RBC

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) IS A SOLUTION TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEM OF INFERTILITY OF COUPLES .LATELY WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND USING ROBOTIC SYSTEMS, TELESURGERY SYSTEMS ARE USED IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY, BETTER CONTROL OF NEEDLE MOVEMENT AND PREVENTING INJURY TO THE OVUM CELL WHILE INJECTION IN IVF. TO PROVIDE BETTER CONTROL OF INJECTION, HAPTIC SYSTEMS ARE USED. IN THIS STUDY, A HAPTIC SYSTEM IS DESIGNED WITH VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO PERFORM IN VITRO FERTILIZATION. FOR MODELING OF INJECTION FORCE, POINT-LOAD MODEL IS UTILIZED. A MASS-SPRING MODEL IS USED TO SIMULATE CELL DEFORMATION DURING INSERTION. SIMULATION RESULTS HAVE A GOOD CONFORMITY WITH RELATED RESEARCHES

DETERMINING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC CONTRACTING CELL, AS CELL OF THE MOST VITAL ORGAN OF HUMAN BEING, HAS GREAT IMPORTANCE. CONTRACTION OF THESE CELLS LEADS TO CARDIAC PUMPING BEHAVIOR. IN THIS STUDY, BY USE OF CELLS THAT OBTAINED FROM MOUSE HEART VENTRICLE, ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND HERTZ'S MODEL, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE CELLS WERE DETERMINED FROM CELL MECHANICS VIEWPOINT. IN HERTZ'S MODEL, THE MOST COMMON MODEL IN CONTACT MECHANICS, CELL IS CONSIDERED AS HOMOGENOUS BODY WITH LINEAR ELASTIC BEHAVIOR. AN ELASTIC MODULUS IS IMPUTED TO A CELL BY MEANS OF THIS MODEL. IN THIS STUDY, AMOUNT OF ELASTIC MODULUS OF MOUSE CARDIAC CELL IS CALCULATED BY 2 METHOD (OF HERTZ'S MODEL). THE RANGE OF ELASTIC MODULUS AMOUNT IS 48.08±2.26 KPA AND 55.67±2.56 KPA. THESE RESULTS ARE ACCORDED TO PREVIOUS WORKS IN THIS AREA

THE ELECTROSPINNING TECHNIQUE PROVIDES NON-WOVENS TO THE ORDER OF FEW NANOMETERS WITH LARGE SURFACE AREAS, EASE OF FUNCTIONALISATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND SUPERIOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. ALSO, THE POSSIBILITY OF LARGE SCALE PRODUCTIONS COMBINED WITH THE SIMPLICITY OF THE PROCESS MAKES THIS TECHNIQUE VERY ATTRACTIVE FOR MANY DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS. IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT MAGNESIUM FLUORIDATED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLE - POLY (Ε-CAPROLACTONE) (PCL) NANOCOMPOSITE TISSUE SCAFFOLDS CAN BE MADE MORE BIOACTIVE BY USING MAGNESIUM FLUORIDATED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLE. ALSO INCREASING CONTENT OF MAGNESIUM IN STRUCTURE CHANGES DEGRADATION RATE. THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO FABRICATE AND CHARACTERIZE ELECTROSPUN MAGNESIUM FLUORIDATED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLE - POLY (Ε-CAPROLACTONE) (PCL) NANOCOMPOSITE SCAFFOLD AS SUBSTRATES FOR BONE XE “TISSUE ENGINEERING” \F “SUBJECT”. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS, MAGNESIUM FLUORIDATED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLE WERE SYNTHESIZED BY MECHANICAL MILLING. THEN THE NANOCOMPOSITE WAS ELECTROSPUN AND CHARACTERIZED BY SEM, XRD, TEM AND MECHANICAL TESTING

IN THIS WORK, WE USED Λ-DNA TO PRODUCE METALLIC DNA SAMPLES AND WE INVESTIGATED THE STABILIZATION TIME OF THEIR IMPEDANCE. THIS IS IN ORDER TO SHOW THAT THE DNA MOLECULES CAN POSSIBLY BE UTILIZED AS A FRAME FOR ASSEMBLING THE NANO CIRCUITS AND AS AN ELECTRONIC ELEMENT AS WELL, IN NANO ELECTRIC DEVICES. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT METALLIC DNA HAS LOWER STABILIZATION TIME THAN NATURAL DNA. AS EXPECTED, IT IS SHOWN THAT MAKING THE BUNDLED DNA ORIENTED, IMPACTS THEIR IMPEDANCE STABILIZATION. IN ORDER TO FIND THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF THE DNA MOLECULES UNDER DIRECT CURRENT, WE DESIGNED AND MADE PATTERNED ELECTRODES TO MAKE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE DNAS AND THE USED CURRENT SOURCE. THE ELECTRODES ARE MADE FROM GOLD WITH A GAP DISTANCE LOWER THAN ABOUT 10 MICROMETER IN ORDER TO LET THE DNA BUNDLES TO BE UNDER ELECTRIC FIELD BETWEEN ELECTRODE GAPS WITH A LENGTH OF 11 MICROMETER. DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ARE DONE ON DNA STRINGS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL BIAS CONDITIONS. WHEN COMPARING THE IMPEDANCE STABILIZATION TIME OF NATURAL DNAS WITH METALLIC ZN- DNAS, WHILE THE CONDUCTIVITY OF THE METALLIC DNA IS HIGHER, WE FOUND THAT ZN-DNA RESPONSE IS FASTER THAN THE NATURAL DNA MOLECULES. THIS MIGHT BE INTERPRETED TO BE CAUSED BY THE BETTER CONDUCTIVITY OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE METALLIC SAMPLES WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF THE SAME INTRINSIC CAPACITANCES FOR BOTH TYPES OF THE DNAS

IN THIS PAPER, WE PROPOSE EFFICIENT METHOD FOR PRE-TRAINING OF DEEP BOTTLENECK NEURAL NETWORK (DBNN). PRE-TRAINING IS USED FOR INITIAL VALUE OF NETWORK WEIGHTS; CONVERGENCE OF DBNN IS DIFFICULT BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT LOCAL MINIMUMS. WHILE WITH EFFICIENT INITIAL VALUE FOR NETWORK WEIGHTS CAN AVOIDED SOME LOCAL MINIMUMS. THIS METHOD DIVIDES DBNN TO MULTI SINGLE HIDDEN LAYER AND ADJUSTS THEM, THEN WEIGHS OF THESE NETWORKS IS USED FOR INITIAL VALUE OF DBNN WEIGHTS AND THEN TRAIN NETWORK. PROPOSED NETWORK IS USED FOR EXTRACTION OF FACE COMPONENT. THIS METHOD IS IMPLEMENTED ON BOSPHORUS DATABASE. COMPARING RESULTS SHOWS THAT NEW METHOD HAS MORE CONVERGENCE SPEED AND GENERALIZATION THAN RANDOM INITIAL VALUE. BY MEANS OF THIS NEW TRAINING METHOD AND WITH SAME TRAINING ERROR RATE PIXEL RECONSTRUCTION ERROR IS DECREASED 13.69% AND RECOGNITION RATE IS INCREASED 10%

TODAY ONE OF THE MOST COMMON METHODS IN STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN BODY POSTURAL FLUCTUATIONS IS MEASURING DISPLACEMENT OF CENTER OF MASS AND CENTER OF PRESSURE. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED EIGHT AMATEUR ATHLETES AND SIX PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES IN WUSHU. THE PATTERN OF THE CENTER OF MASS AND CENTER OF PRESSURE DISPLACEMENTS DURING PERFORMING THE MOTION WAS &NBSP;RECORDED. USING LYAPUNOV STABILITY THEORY, STABILITY AND PREPARATION OF ATHLETES WERE PREDICTED AND THE BEST MODEL IN THE BALANCE MOTION WAS SHOWN TO THE COACHES. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT POSITIVE LYAPUNOV EXPONENT IS DUE TO IMPROPER MOTION PATTERN AND LACK OF ENOUGH PREPARATION OF ATHLETES IN THE BALANCE MOTION

DENTAL IMPLANTS HAVE BEEN INCREASINGLY USED TO RESTORE THE MASTICATORY FUNCTION AFTER THE LOSS OF TEETH. THE SUCCESS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON THEIR INITIAL STABILITY AND ON THEIR LONG-TERM OSSEOINTEGRATION, AS THESE FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OPTIMAL STRESS AND STRAIN DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURROUNDING MANDIBULAR BONE. AND THESE SUBJECT OF ACTION ARE AFFECTED BY A NUMBER OF BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS, SUCH AS ITS SCREW PITCH. IN THIS PAPER, THE EFFECT OF THE DENTAL IMPLANT SCREW PITCH SIZE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR BONE, UNDER A DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON THE TOOTH, IS INVESTIGATED. THE MANDIBULAR BONE IS CONSTRUCTED FROM TWO KIND OF CORTICAL AND CANCELLOUS BONE AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF STRESS AND STRAIN FOR SOME SCREW PITCH SIZE IN EACH OF THESE PARTS ARE CALCULATED. THE OBTAINED RESULTS SHOW THAT REDUCING SCREW PITCH SIZE MAKES STRESS AND STRAIN DISTRIBUTION BETTER IN THE BONE

IN THIS STUDY, ISOLATED WORD RECOGNITION SYSTEM HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN'S SPEECH RECOGNIZER USING VOCAL TRACTLENGTH NORMALIZATION. THE SPEECH DATA THAT HAS BEEN USED TO RECOGNIZE PHASE, ARE CORRECT AND INCORRECT PRONUNCIATION OF 47 WORDS. THIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM HAS BEEN CREATED TO DESIGN A SPEECH THERAPY SOFTWARE. RECOGNITION OF CORRECT AND WRONG PRONUNCIATION AND HELP CHILDREN TO IMPROVE IT ARE THE GOALS OF THIS SOFTWARE. FOUR BASELINE MODELS HAVE BEEN TRAINED, ONE FOR CHILDREN, ONE COMBINED MODEL (FEMALES AND CHILDREN) AND TWO FOR ADULTS (BY EXPLOITING ONE PERSIAN DATABASE). CHILDREN'S MODEL WAS TRAINED WITH DATA THAT HAS BEEN COLLECTED FROM 25 CHILDREN. 13 CHILDREN'S VOCABULARY DATA WERE USED TO RECOGNIZE PHASE. THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE IMPLEMENTED IN HTK TOOLKIT. POOR PERFORMANCE WAS IMPROVED USING VTLN. IMPROVEMENT OF ADULT'S MODEL WAS MORE THAN CHILDREN'S MODEL.

FUZZY CONTROL OF ROWING EXERCISE USING FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FES) CONCERNS ANKLE, KNEE AND HIP JOINTS. MUSCULAR MODELING FOR EACH JOINT MAY CONTAIN TWO GROUPS OF MUSCLES, NAMELY EXTENSION AND FLEXION. IN THE PROPOSED METHOD, JOINT CONTROLLERS PROVIDE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PULSES TO THE APPROPRIATE MUSCLE GROUP BASED ON THE TRAJECTORY ERROR AND ACCORDING TO A PRESCRIBED PATTERN DESIGNED FOR ROWING EXERCISE. RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE SIMULATED FUZZY CONTROL OF DESIRED ANGLES CLOSELY MATCH THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUES FOR PRESCRIBED JOINTS. MOREOVER, THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE CONTROLLER IN PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE IS EXAMINED AND THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE TRACKING OF EACH JOINT ANGLE IS APPROPRIATE.

INTELLIGENT THERMOSENSITIVE FORMULATIONS BASED ON PLGA-PEGPLGA TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER HAVE GREAT POTENTIAL IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, DUE TO THEIR GOOD BIOCOMPATIBILITY, BIODEGRADABILITY AND INJECTABILITY. THE GELATION BEHAVIOR OF THE SYNTHESIZED PLGAPEG- PLGA TRIBLOCKS WAS INVESTIGATED IN THIS STUDY AND THE EFFECT OF PEG MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND LACTIDE TO GLYCOLIDE MOLAR RATIO, AS WELL AS THE REACTION TIME WAS INVESTIGATED. TRIBLOCKS WITH PEG1000 HAVE SHOWN INAPPROPRIATE GELATION; WHILE THOSE WITH HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT FORMED GEL AT BODY TEMPERATURE. THE INSULIN RELEASE PROFILES SHOWED AN APPROXIMATELY LINEAR RELEASE PROFILE WITHOUT A NON-DESIRABLE BURST EFFECT. MORE THAN 80% OF THE INSULIN WAS RELEASED DURING 4 WEEKS

ONE OF THE IMPORTANT FEATURES OF KIDNEY IS THAT THIS TISSUE PRODUCES A SOLUTION WITH MUCH HIGHER OSMOLALITY THAN BLOOD PLASMA. UNTIL NOW, THERE IS NOT A COMPLETE AND EXACT EXPLANATION ABOUT HOW THIS PHENOMENON HAPPENS. THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF KIDNEY FUNCTION IS A VERY COMPLICATED NUMERICAL PROCESS, AND CONSEQUENTLY MANY THEORIES AND MATHEMATICAL SIMULATIONS HAVE BEEN PURPOSED CONCERNING URINE CONCENTRATING MECHANISM (UCM). IN THIS PAPER, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A THREE DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE URINE CONCENTRATING MECHANISM OF RAT OUTER MEDULLA (OM). THIS THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING IS A FRAMEWORK IN ORDER TO ATTAIN A CONVERGED NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE MOMENTUM AND SPECIES TRANSPORT EQUATIONS ALONG WITH THEIR STIFF AND COUPLED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS BASED ON STANDARD EXPRESSIONS FOR TRANSTUBULAR SOLUTES AND WATER TRANSPORTS ON EACH TUBULE MEMBRANE. BECAUSE OF CONCENTRATING ON THIS MATTER, THE GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE AND THE NUMBER OF THE INVOLVED TUBULES ASSUMED TO BE AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE. IN OUR THREE DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION, THE EFFECT OF SLIP ON TUBULE'S WALLS HAS BEEN ALSO INVESTIGATED

A CONTROL STRATEGY BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IS PRESENTED, FOR GAIT CORRECTION IN UNILATERAL DROP FOOT, USING FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FES). IN THE PRESENTED STRATEGY, THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION INTENSITY FOR THE DISABLED TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (TA) MUSCLE IS CONTROLLED, CONSIDERING THE EXISTING COORDINATION PATTERNS BETWEEN ACTIVITIES OF THE IPSILATERAL ANKLE TA MUSCLE, AND THE CONTRALATERAL ANKLE PLANTARFLEXOR (GASTROCNEMIUS(GC)) MUSCLES DURING NORMAL GAIT. THE COORDINATION PATTERNS DESCRIBE THE QUALITY OF SIMULTANEOUS TA AND GC MUSCLES ACTIVATION, IN THE OPPOSITE LEGS. THEREFORE IN THIS PAPER, A NARX NEURAL NETWORK HAS BEEN TRAINED USING THE HYBRID LMA-PSO TRAINING METHOD, TO FORECAST TH &NBSP;DISABLED TA MUSCLE ACTIVITY BASED ON THE INPUT FROM THE HEALTHYCALF MUSCLE OF THE OPPOSITE LEG. THE PREDICTED TA ACTIVATION IS THEN USED TO CONTROL THE TA MUSCLE FES INTENSITY IN REAL TIME. SEVEN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS PARTICIPATED IN THE EXPERIMENTS. SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM WAS RECORDED FROM TA AND CALF MUSCLE SIMULTANEOUSLY ON THE OPPOSITE LEGS WHILE WALKING IN DIFFERENT GAIT FREQUENCIES. RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE CONTROLLER ARE QUITE PROMISING AND SHOW IMPRESSIVE GENERALIZATION ABILITY BETWEEN&NBSP;SUBJECTS.

IN THIS ARTICLE A WIRELESS PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR VITAL SIGNS (RESPIRATORY RATE AND HEART BEAT) IS PRESENTED. THE RECORDED BIOSIGNAL IS THE PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM USING A PROBE ATTACHED TO THE PATIENT'S FINGER. THIS SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED, FILTERED AND DIGITIZED BY AN ONBOARD PROCESSOR UNIT BEFORE FINALLY BEING SENT WIRELESSLY VIA A TRANSMITTER. THE CAPACITY OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM IS 16 PATIENTS WHOSE DATA CAN BE RECEIVED THROUGH A COMMON RECEIVER BY A CENTRAL SERVER WHICH MEASURES AND DISPLAYS THE HEART BEAT AND RESPIRATORY RATE FOR EACH PATIENT ON THE MONITOR