INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING ELITES | Year:2016 | دوره:2 |Papers Count:10

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT LIFELINES IS THE WATER PIPELINES THAT MAY BE SUBJECTED TO EXPLOSION. IN THIS PAPER A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON THE BURIED PIPE IN THE SOIL HAS BEEN PERFORMED DUE TO BLAST LOADING. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED SUCH AS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER, AIR, SOIL, PIPE AND T.N.T. THE ARBITRARY LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN METHOD HAS BEEN USED BY THE LS-DYNA SOFTWARE. AN ARBITRARY LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN ALGORISM IS USED IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE ELEMENT DISTORTION IN LARGE DEFORMATION AND NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSES. THE RESULT SHOWS THE PRESSURE AND STRESS VALUE OF THE PIPE CROWN, SLIGHT INCREASE FIRSTLY, THEN INCREASES TO A PEAK AND DECREASES FINALLY. THAT IS BECAUSE THE EXPLOSIVE LOADING DIRECTION IS OPPOSED TO THE PRESSURE OF FLUID IN A BURIED PIPE THAT CAUSING THE PRESSURE DESCENDING. SO, PRESSURE OF FLUID IN BURIED PIPE CAN DO A FAVOR TO STABILIZING PIPE PRESSURE.

TODAY, RESTORATION OF WORN OUT AND TROUBLED TEXTURES ARE ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS IN URBAN PLANNING ISSUES. WORN OUT TEXTURE CAN BE CONSIDERED AS THE CORE OF MANY CITIES, OR IN THE OTHER HAND AS AN OLD PART OF A CITY AND SOMEHOW KNEW AS THE HISTORICAL PART OF THE CITY. TEXTURE FRAZZLE WHICH IS THE RESULT OF PHYSICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EROSION, OVER AREAS OF THE CITY LIFE AND URBAN LIFE CYCLE AND CITIZENS AND BECOME REASON OF LOSING LAND IN CAPABLE PARTS OF THE CITY, CENTRAL AREAS AND WORN-OUT TEXTURES. EMPTY SPACES AND WORN-OUT TEXTURES AT THE HEART OF THE CITY WHILE RELIEVED WHICH THAT PHYSICALLY EXTENSION OF THE CITY EVERY DAY A NEW PROBLEM ADDS TO THE EXISTING PROBLEMS.SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT ISSUES ARE CONSIDERED AS THE MAIN INDEXES OF ANY URBAN PLANNING WHICH PLANNING FOR ORGANIZING AND REGENERATION OF WORN-OUT URBAN TEXTURE WITH APPROACH OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT OF THEM THAT TRIES ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS TO REGENERATE AND RESTORATION THESE PARTS OF THE CITIES.IN THIS WAY, MAJOR ATTENTION TO RESTORATION THESE TEXTURES AND PROBLEM SOLVING AND ORGANIZATION SOME PARTS OF THE CITY ACCORDING TO DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES OF CUSTODIANS AND CITY MANAGERS.THE METHOD OF COLLECTING THIS RESEARCH, IS ANALYTIC WHICH SOME PART OF THE COLLECTING INFORMATION, DATA, DEFINITIONS, VIEWS AND THEORIES RELATING TO WORN-OUT TEXTURES WHICH HAVE BEEN DONE THROUGH LIBRARY STUDIES AND ANOTHER PART OF THE COLLECTING INFORMATION THROUGH FIELD DATA AND OBSERVATIONS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED BY RESEARCHER AND ALREADY SWOT TECHNIQUE.IN THIS STUDY TRIED TO INVESTIGATE THE SITUATION OF WORN OUT URBAN TEXTURE AND RESTORATION AND REBUILDING THEM WITH APPROACH OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE SARSHOOR NEIGHBORHOOD OF MASHHAD.

THE STUDY ALSO SHOWS THAT DESIGN AXIAL FORCES AND MOMENTS IN THE BOUNDARY COLUMNS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO CAPACITY DESIGN CONCEPTS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THOSE OF THE NONLINEAR SEISMIC ANALYSES. A SERIES OF C-PSWS WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRY ARE DESIGNED AND ANALYSED TO EVALUATE THE CURRENT PERIOD FORMULA IN BUILDING CODES. IT IS OBSERVED THAT THE CURRENT CODE PREDICTS PERIODS THAT ARE GENERALLY SHORTER THAN THE PERIODS OBTAINED FROM FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. AN IMPROVED SIMPLE FORMULA FOR ESTIMATING THE FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD OF C-PSW IS DEVELOPED BY REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE PERIOD DATA OBTAINED FROM ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED C-PSWS. FINALLY, TWO EQUATIONS FOR DETERMINING SHEAR STUD SPACING AND THICKNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PANEL FOR THE C-PSWS ARE PROPOSED. THE STUDY ALSO SHOWS THAT DESIGN AXIAL FORCES AND MOMENTS IN THE BOUNDARY COLUMNS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO CAPACITY DESIGN CONCEPTS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THOSE OF THE NONLINEAR SEISMIC ANALYSES. A SERIES OF C-PSWS WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRY ARE DESIGNED AND ANALYSED TO EVALUATE THE CURRENT PERIOD FORMULA IN BUILDING CODES. IT IS OBSERVED THAT THE CURRENT CODE PREDICTS PERIODS THAT ARE GENERALLY SHORTER THAN THE PERIODS OBTAINED FROM FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. AN IMPROVED SIMPLE FORMULA FOR ESTIMATING THE FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD OF C-PSW IS DEVELOPED BY REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE PERIOD DATA OBTAINED FROM ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED C-PSWS.

ARCHITECTURE IS AN ART THAT ALWAYS LEADS IN HARMONY WITH FEATURES AND THOUGHTS IF HIS TIME. IN RECENT YEARS, WIDE PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE HAS MADE A NEW WORD CALLED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS LOOKING FOR A ROADMAP TO SUSTAINABLE THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PREVENT FROM DETERIORATION OF EARTH’S NATURAL RESOURCES. IN ARCHITECTURE FIELD THIS TERM IS KNOWN AS SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE. DESPITE OF WIDE CHANGES IN DIFFERENT HISTORICAL PERIODS, IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE HAS PRESERVED ITS OWN IDENTITY AS A CLIMATIC AND NATURE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE. THIS STUDY BY ANALYZING VALUABLE PATTERNS OF IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE AIMS TO SURVEY POSSIBILITY IF USING THEM TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE OF CONTEMPORARY ERA. THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY SHOW THAT IRANIAN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE INCLUDES EFFECTIVE WAYS THAT IS RESULT OF UNDERSTANDING AND MASTERING OF RESIDENTS OF EVERY REGION TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING THIS RESEARCH, THE CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD IS USED TO ACHIEVE THE BEST RESULT AND DATA COLLECTION HAS BEEN DONE BY LIBRARY DOCUMENTS INCLUDING BOOKS, ARTICLES, THESIS AND INTERNET. ALSO DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS METHOD IS SELECTED TO ANALYZE THE COLLECTED DATA TO SUGGEST SOLUTIONS FOR USING IRANIAN SUSTAINABLE PATTERNS.

THERE ARE MANY CITIES IN UNDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THAT ARE FACING DECLINE BECAUSE OF CONGESTION, HIGH VOLUME OF TRAFFIC, WORN-OUT TEXTURE. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ESPECIALLY PEDESTRIAN PLANNING AMONG DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION HAS GOT MUCH EMPHASIS ESPECIALLY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN RECENT YEARS. SINCE CITY CENTER OF TEHRAN WAS THE INITIAL FORMATION CORE OF THE CITY AND DUE TO THE LOCATION OF BAZAAR AND GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND CENTERS AND DISTRICT’S INTRA-CITY ROLE ALSO HIGH VOLUME OF TRAVEL CAN SEE THE ESSENCE OF PEDESTRIAN PASSAGES WITHIN CITY CENTER. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY ARE (A) ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL CITY STREETS AND PASSAGES TO FACILITATE PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT. (B) TO CRITICALLY DISCUSS GIS METHODOLOGIES USED IN THIS CONTEXT. TO ASSESS AND SELECT THE DESIRED STREETS AND PASSAGES WITHIN THE CITY CENTER FIRST SOME CRITERIA AND INDEXES HAVE CONSIDERED. BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER OF INDEXES WHICH CAUSES COMPLEXITY IN ASSESSING PASSAGES, SO TO FACILITATE IN PROCEDURES, GIS SOFTWARE WAS USED. STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED IN TWO QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE LEVELS AND WERE VERIFIED THROUGH MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS METHOD AND FOR EACH STREET ONE ID WAS CONSIDERED, AT THE END SOME CATEGORIZED MAP WITH FINAL DECISION ABOUT PEDESTRIAN ROUTES WAS PREPARED. AFTER SUGGESTION OF ID FOR EACH PASSAGE, THREE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS WERE SELECTED FOR EACH ONE AND FINALLY GIS MAP WAS PREPARED BASED ON EACH DECISION. FOR EACH ONE OF SUGGESTED PASSAGES WAS GIVEN THREE SCENARIOS AND FROM COMPARISON OF ‘COMPONENT TO TOTAL RESEARCH’ AND ‘TOTAL TO COMPONENT RESEARCH’, A FINAL GIS MAP WAS PREPARED. THE RESULT SHOWS THAT THE MAP OF THE STREETS CORRESPOND WITH THE BASIC IDEA. THE DECISION WAS MADE AFTER DIFFERENT STUDIES AND CONSULTATION WITH URBAN PLANNERS AND FACULTIES THAT FINAL PLAN FOR PASSAGE SHOULD BE PEDESTRIAN ROUT, PEDESTRIAN OVERCOME OR EQUIPPING OF PEDESTRIAN ROUTE. THE IDEA WAS PRESENTED AS AN INTERCONNECTED NETWORK OF PASSAGES IN TWO FORMS OF SHORT TERM AND LONG-TERM.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE RESPONSE OF TWO-PIN ARCHES INCLUDING CATENARY, PARABOLIC AND CIRCULAR FORM TO LOADING IS PRESENTED. THE EFFECTS OF FORM ON THE ARCH STRUCTURAL RESPONSE FOR STATIC LOADING AND SPAN-TO-HEIGHT RATIOS (L:H) RANGING FROM 2 TO 8 ARE PRESENTED USING FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION PROVIDED BY THE GSA SOFTWARE. RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT CIRCULAR ARCHES REPRESENT LEAST OPTIMAL SHAPE, EXHIBITING HIGH COMBINED STRESSES AND BENDING MOMENTS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE L:H RATIO OF 2 (SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCH). THE OPTIMUM L:H RATIO FOR A CIRCULAR RIB ARCH IS BETWEEN 4 AND 6, BUT THE STRESSES THAT DEVELOP IN IT ARE STILL HIGHER THAN IN PARABOLIC OR CATENARY ARCHES. THIS IS WITH REGARD TO THE PURE ARCH BEHAVIOR FOR L:H£5. THE MINIMUM OF THE COMBINED COMPRESSIVE STRESSES IN PARABOLIC AND CATENARY ARCHES ARE OBSERVED AT L:H RATIO BETWEEN 2 AND 4. THE PARABOLIC ARCH DEMONSTRATED LOWER STRUCTURAL ACTION EFFECTS WHEN THE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD (UDL) IS GREATER THAN THE SELF-WEIGHT (SW). OVERALL, THE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE RESPONSE OF 2-PIN ARCH FORMS TO APPLIED LOADING IS CRITICALLY DEPENDENT ON THE ARCH FORM AND ITS SHAPE GOVERNED BY THE L:H RATIO.

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND CONSEQUENTLY VEHICULAR TRANSPORT HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. ALSO VEHICULAR TRANSPORT AS AN IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECAY SUCH AS NOISE POLLUTION IN CITY CENTERS. SO, ONE OF THE TRANSPORT SCHEMES LIKE PEDESTRIANISATION CAN HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND IMPROVE NOISE POLLUTION CONDITION. THIS PAPER SHOWS, TO WHAT EXTENT THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDETRIANISATION SCHEME HAS INFLUENCE ON REDUCING NOISE POLLUTION LEVEL AT TEHRAN’ CITY CENTER.THERE IS A DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN MAN, HUMAN HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT QUALITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PEDESTRIANISATION. THE RESULTS OF THE SURVEY SUGGEST THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDESTRIANISATION IN TEHRAN'S CITY CENTER HAS BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL. AS A RESULT WAS FOUNDED AN INCREASE IN WALKABILITY TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TIME SPENT IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE TRAVEL, FEWER VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED, FEWER GRAMS OF OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX) EMITTED, AND FEWER GRAMS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) EMITTED.

PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE IS A COMPLEX PROCESS AND THE QUANTITATIVE UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSIS THEORY ABOUT THE PHENOMENA ARE STILL NOT MATURE. SEVERAL BUILDINGS HAVE COLLAPSED IN THIS FASHION IN RECENT YEARS, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE IS A SOURCE OF CONTINUING CONCERN. RECENTLY, FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR EXPENSIVE AND TIME-CONSUMING EXPERIMENTAL TESTS. AS MOST OF THESE RESEARCHES WERE DONE IN SCALED MOOD, IN THIS STUDY THE EFFECT OF SCALE ON THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS IS CONSIDERED USING ABAQUS SOFTWARE. FIRST, A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IS PROPOSED AND VALIDATED USING EIGHT HALF SCALE SPECIMENS. THEN THE SAME SUB-ASSEMBLAGES ARE MODELED AND ANALYZED IN FULL SCALE AND THE RESULTS ARE COMPARED WITH SCALED SPECIMENS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE FULL SCALE SPECIMENS HAD BETTER STRENGTH THAN SCALED SPECIMENS. IN ADDITION, FINAL DISPLACEMENT IN CATENARY ACTION DOUBLED FOR FULL SCALE SPECIMENS COMPARED TO THE SCALED TYPES. THE GRAPHICAL RESULTS ALSO SHOWED THAT THE NUMBER OF BAR FRACTION IN FULL SCALE SPECIMENS WAS MORE THAN SCALED SPECIMENS.

THIN STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (SPSWS) ARE AN EFFECTIVE LATERAL FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM AND ARE INCREASINGLY BEING USED IN STRUCTURES. ENGINEERS REQUIRE THE ABILITY TO PREDICT BOTH ELASTIC AND INELASTIC STRUCTURAL RESPONSES OF SPSWS ACCURATELY BY A SIMPLIFIED MODEL THAT IS CONVENIENT TO USE. BASED ON THE STRIP MODEL, THIS PAPER PROPOSES A NEW SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR SPSWS, CALLED THE THREE-STRIP MODEL, IN WHICH THE INFILL PLATES OF SPSWS ARE REPLACED BY THREE TENSION-ONLY STRIPS. COMPARISONS OF EXPERIMENTALLY OBTAINED PUSHOVER RESPONSES OF SPSWS AND THAT PREDICTED BY THE PROPOSED MODEL ARE GIVEN AND REASONABLE AGREEMENT IS OBSERVED. A PARAMETRIC STUDY EXAMINES THE EFFECT OF ASPECT RATIO AND COLUMN FLEXIBILITY ON THE ACCURACY OF THE PREDICTED INELASTIC BEHAVIOR FROM THE THREE-STRIP MODEL. IN ADDITION, THE CAPACITY OF THE PROPOSED MODEL IN PREDICTING FRAME FORCES IS VERIFIED BASED ON TEST AND STRIP MODEL RESULTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE THREE-STRIP MODEL CAN PROVIDE GENERALLY ACCURATE RESULTS FOR SPSWS AND MEANWHILE REDUCE MODELING WORKLOAD AND COMPUTATIONAL EXPENSE.

THE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN TODAY’S WORLD ARE POLLUTION AND ENERGY DEFICIENCY. DEMANDS FOR ELECTRICITY ARE PROJECTED TO INCREASE IN THE FUTURE. WE ARE USING THE NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS PETROLEUM AS WELL AS RENEWABLE SOURCES LIKE SOLAR, WIND, TIDAL POWER ETC., BUT STILL WE COULDN’T OVERCOME OUR POWER NEEDS. ALSO, THE GLOBAL POLLUTION DUE TO TRADITIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY SUCH AS FOSSIL FUELS MOVES SCIENTISTS TO SEARCH FOR OTHER SOURCES OF GREEN ENERGY. WE HAVE TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY THROUGH EACH AND EVERY POSSIBLE WAYS. ONE SUSTAINABLE AND GREEN SOURCE OF ENERGY IS THE POWER GENERATION FROM THE HUMAN FOOTSTEPS. THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO REVIEW THE DESIGN AND THE TEST OF THE SIMPLE DEVICE THAT CONVERTS THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE HUMAN FOOTSTEPS TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THIS DEVICE MAY BE USED IN ALL CROWDED SPOTS WITH A BIG NUMBER OF PEDESTRIANS SUCH AS MOSQUES, CHURCHES, UNDERGROUND STATIONS, SCHOOLS, THEATERS, STADIUMS, SHOPPING MALLS, SIDEWALKS, ETC. IT’S AN ECO-FRIENDLY; EASILY ACCESSIBLE AND NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM COMPARED TO EXISTING SYSTEMS.