INTERNATIONAL MS CONGRESS OF IRAN | Year:2015 | دوره:12 |Papers Count:116

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS THE MOST FREQUENT NONTRAUMATIC CAUSE OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT IN YOUNG ADULTS. IT IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED BY DEMYELINATION WHICH CAN CAUSE AXONAL CONDUCTION BLOCK...

INTRODUCTION: PAROXYSMAL SYMPTOMS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) ARE BRIF, REPETITIVE, STEREOTYPED ATTACKS OF NEUROLOGIC DYSFUNCTION AND ARE RESULT FROM EPHAPTIC SPREAD OF ABNORMAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES FROM PARTIALLY DEMYELINATING NERVE FIBERS. THE SYMPTOMS LASTING A FEW SECOND OR MINUTES, THESE APPEAR SUDDENLY MAY RECUR FREQUENTLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS OR WEEKS AND THEN REMIT COMPLETELY, IT IS SOME TIMES DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY REPRESENT ON EXACERBATION OR A NEW LESION OF MS. THE MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS ARE TRIGEMINAL NEUROLOGIC AND TONIC SPAMS. WE REPORT 2 CASES WITH TONIS SPASM IN MS.

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM WITH THE PREVALENCE OF ABOUT 2.5 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. ABOUT HALF OF THESE PATIENTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED HAVING TROUBLE IN SLEEPING. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE RATE OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

OPTIC NEURITIS IS A FAIRLY COMMON CONDITION IN NEUROLOGICAL PRACTICE. MOST PATIENTS WITH TYPICAL OPTIC NEURITIS ARE OF YOUNG AGE AND SUFFER FROM A DEMYELINATING DISORDER IN WHICH THE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT PLAN IS CLEARER. AMONG PATIENTS WITH ATYPICAL PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES MORE OFTEN ARISE DURING PRACTICE...

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) DISEASE IS THE MOST COMMON NEUROLOGICAL DEMYELIZATION DISORDER IN YOUNG ADULTS THAT MAKES THEM DISABLE. DIFFERENT STUDIES SUPPORT THE ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL FACTORS AS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PROBABLE FACTOR IN MS ETIOLOGY. HOWEVER, DIETARY PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH MS RISK ARE UNKNOWN. THUS, THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATION OF RELATION DIETARY PATTERNS WITH MS IN MASHHAD (NORTH EAST OF IRAN).

INTRODUCTION: DEPRESSION IS A COMMON SYMPTOM IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). ITS PREVALENCE HAS BEEN REPORTED ABOUT 50 PERCENT THROUGHOUT THEIR LIFETIME. SEVERAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO DEPRESSION IN THESE PATIENTS; IN THIS REGARD, THE MOTOR DISABILITY AND INABILITY TO PERFORM DAILY LIVING ACTIVITIES CAN BE POINTED THAT BALANCE IS ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FACTORS. SO, THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BALANCE AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH MS.

OBJECTIVES: VITAMIN D METABOLITES ARE INVOLVED IN IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALING THAT LEADS TO SUPPRESSION AND REGULATION OF AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. THEREFORE, VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION MAY BE A VIABLE METHOD FOR TREATING AUTOIMMUNE OR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. THIS PHASE II DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL SEEKS TO INVESTIGATE HOW TREATING WITH INTERFERON BETA-1 WITH VITAMIN D DIFFERS FROM TREATING WITH INTERFERON BETA-1 ALONE IN MS PATIENTS.

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE AND DEGENERATIVE MYELIN SHEATH DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THAT FOR A REASON A VARIETY OF SYMPTOMS CAN CAUSE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS ON QUALITY OF LIFE. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF-CARE EDUCATION ON THE MENTAL ASPECT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS.

INTRODUCTION: STUDIES SHOW THAT EPILEPSY IS MORE PREVALENT IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS THAN THE GENERAL POPULATION. IN THIS ABSTRACT WE TRY TO THROW LIGHT ON THE SUBJECT...

THE THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS HAS CHANGED DRAMATICALLY OVER THE PAST DECADE. MS PATHOGENESIS IS NOT UNDERSTOOD COMPLETELY AND SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS TO MS PATIENTS HAS NOT BEEN FULLY SUCCESSFUL. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (E.G. GENE THERAPY) HAVE PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED MEDICAL RESEARCHES. HUMAN GENE THERAPY IS AN ALTERNATIVE WHICH ENSURES THE DELIVERY OF PROLONGED AND SITE-SPECIFIC THERAPIES. GENE THERAPY IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AN ANIMAL MODEL OF MS, IS CURRENTLY UNDER INVESTIGATION. NONETHELESS, THESE STUDIES ARE AT PRECLINICAL STAGE...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A COMMON CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CAUSED BY FOCAL INFILTRATION OF AUTOREACTIVE T LYMPHOCYTES, MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES FOLLOWED BY IMMUNE MEDIATED LOSS OF MYELIN AND AXONS RESULTING IN THE FORMATION OF MS PLAQUE. APOLIPOPROTEIN E PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPROTECTIVE, ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE MODULATORY PROCESSES, MODULATING INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN AN ISOFORM DEPENDENT MANNER

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS ONE OF THE MOST CRIPPLING MULTIPLE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES THAT IS AN INFLAMMATION. MS AFFECTS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) AND CAN CAUSE UNPLEASANT SIDE EFFECTS IN THE PATIENT'S CLINICAL CONDITION. PROPER NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY IN THESE PATIENTS CAN IMPROVE THE SYMPTOMS, SIGNS ACCELERATE THE HEALING PROCESS. MORE THAN 70% OF THE DRY WEIGHT OF THE BRAIN AND MORE THAN HALF OF THE NERVE CELLS ARE FORMED BY LONG-CHAIN OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS THE EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC SUPPLEMENTATION WITH OMEGA-3 SUPPLEMENTATION IN MS PATIENTS.METHODS: THIS STUDY REVIEWED THE ARTICLES IN THE DATABASES ISI (WEB OF KNOWLEDGE) AND PUBMED SEARCHES BASED ON KEYWORDS THAT N-3 FATTY ACID, OMEGA-3, SUPPLEMENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT IN THE YEARS 2005-2015.

BACKGROUND: SEVERAL FACTORS HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS RISK FACTORS FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. AHVAZ, IRAN, IS A GEOGRAPHICAL AREA WITH A LOW MS INCIDENCE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF SEVERAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, FAMILY HISTORY, AND BIRTH MONTH WITH MS IN AHVAZ.

BACKGROUND: INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IVIG) IS A BIOLOGIC IMMUNE MODULATORY AGENT COMPOSED OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES, DERIVED FROM THE PLASMA OF A LARGE POOL OF HEALTHY DONORS. IT IS USED TO TREAT A NUMBER OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, IDIOPATHIC DISEASES AND INFECTIONS. IN ADDITION TO APPROVED DISEASE BY U.S FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA), HOWEVER, IT IS INCREASINGLY USED FOR OFF-LABEL IT HAS INDICATIONS IN SEVERAL OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS. BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COSTS OF THIS TREATMENT, DETERMINING OF PATIENTS, WHO MAY BENEFIT FROM IVIG TREATMENT IS ESSENTIAL.

BACKGROUND: FINGOLIMOD IS AN IMMUNOMODULATING ORAL TREATMENT USED FOR TREATING RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (RRMS). THE EXACT MECHANISM FOR ITS ACTION IN PREVENTING RELAPSES IS UNKNOWN. IN ADDITION, ITS EFFECT ON IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS REMAINS UNESTABLISHED. THIS STUDY WILL MEASURE THE CHANGES IN CELL POPULATIONS OF WBCS, LYMPHOCYTES, AND NEUTROPHILS IN MS PATIENTS AFTER ONE MONTH OF TREATMENT...

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: MENTAL PRACTICE CAN BE DEFINED AS USING FOR RECONSTRUCTION OR CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE OF ALL THE SENSES IN MIND. IN RECENT YEARS, BRAIN STIMULATION, EXERCISE ACTIVITY AND MENTAL IMAGERY HAVE EMERGED AS NEW THERAPIES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF COMMON NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION PATIENTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS THE EVALUATION OF MENTAL PRACTICE TO IMPROVE SLEEP QUALITY, FATIGUE, FUNCTIONAL BALANCE, MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH MS.

OBJECTIVE: ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM (A. MILLEFOLIUM) IS WIDELY USED AS AN ANTIINFLAMMATORY REMEDY IN TRADITIONAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECT OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM A. MILLEFOLIUM ON EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EAE) AND ON THE SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN C57BL/6 MICE.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), IS A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE WHICH INDUCES THE PATIENT’S DISABILITY. INSPITE OF TREATING PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT THERAPIES WHICH REDUCES AND OR RETARDS THE PATIENTS CLINICAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS, THE REHABILITATION MODALITIES CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A PLUS REMEDY FOR PATIENTS’S THERAPY PROTOCOL...

BACKGROUNDS: RECENT INVESTIGATIONS SUPPORT THAT AN ANTI-AGING PROTEIN, NAMELY KLOTHO, PROTECTS NEURONS AGAINST THE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DEMYELINATION. THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF KLOTHO INCLUDING TRANSMEMBRANE AND SECRETORY WHICH ARE MAINLY PRODUCED IN THE KIDNEYS AND BRAIN. ACCORDINGLY, WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE CONCENTRATION OF KLOTHO AND TOTAL ANTI-OXIDANT CAPACITY (TAC) IN THE SERUM AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) OF PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING-REMITTING MS (RRMS)...

SUSAC SYNDROME (SS) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED MAINLY BY THE CLINICAL TRIAD OF ENCEPHALOPATHY, BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONS (BRAOS), AND SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (SNHL). SUSAC SYNDROME AFFECTS WOMEN MORE THAN MEN AT A RATIO OF 3: 1.THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SUSAC SYNDROME IS STILL UNCLEAR; HOWEVER, AN IMMUNE-MEDIATED INJURY INVOLVING THE ENDOTHELIUM OF RETINA, COCHLEA AND CEREBRAL VASCULATURE IS THE LEADING HYPOTHESIS...

INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL NETWORKING HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR WAYS TO CONNECT ONLINE. BUT ALTHOUGH PUBLIC SOCIAL NETWORKS MAY OFFER AN EXCITING OPPORTUNITY FOR CONNECTIONS, THEY CAN ALSO CARRY RISKS TO PERSONAL PRIVACY AND MEDICAL HISTORY – PARTICULARLY FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH A CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION LIKE MS. THAT’S WHY PEOPLE LIVING WITH MS NEED TO CREATED A SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITE AND ONLINE COMMUNITY.

INTRODUCTION: IMPAIRED SENSE OF SMELL HAS REMARKABLE VALUE IN QUALITY OF LIFE AND HAS A GREAT PREVALENCE IN SOME NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. IN THIS STUDY WE ASSESSED THE OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) BY MEANS OF SNIFF MAGNITUDE TEST (SMT).

ACCORDING TO RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN 20151) PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (PML) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH NATALIZUMAB, FINGOLIMOD AND DIMETHYL FUMARATE. ALEMTUZUMAB AND RITUXIMAB HAVE BEEN LINKED TO CASES OF PML IN OTHER DISEASE STATES.

OBJECTIVE: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A DEMYELINATING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFFECTING PEOPLE IN THEIR PRODUCTIVE YEARS OF LIFE AND INFLUENCED BY SEX AND PREGNANCY. MS (MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS)AFFECTS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE WOMEN THAN MEN.

BACKGROUND: LEPTIN, THE PRODUCT OF THE OB GENE, CAN MODULATE THE IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ALSO SEEMS TO REGULATE TH1/TH2 BALANCE, AS IT UP-REGULATES PHAGOCYTOSIS AND TH1 TYPE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. THEREFORE, IN THIS STUDY WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISMS OF LEPTIN GENE (LEP) AND LEPTIN RECEPTOR GENE (LEPR) AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). IN ADDITION, WE INVESTIGATED INFLUENCE OF THESE TWO COMMON POLYMORPHISMS ON PLASMA LEVELS OF LEPTIN...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), WHICH USUALLY AFFECTS YOUNG FEMALES. RECENTLY, THE ROLE OF NEURO-DEGENERATION IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MS HAS BECOME MORE PROMINENT. IN THIS STUDY WE REVIEWED THE DEFINITION, EVOLUTION AND PATHOLOGY OF BLACK HOLES AS AN IMPORTANT SIGN OF NEURO DEGENERATION OF MS IN MRI.

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPLICATIONS OF MS THAT COULD INTERFERE WITH DAILY LIFE. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IS COMMON IN MS PATIENTS...

BACKGROUND: PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ANGIOGENESIS IS INVOLVED IN PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES SUCH AS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). ALSO, IT HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) CAN TRIGGER ANGIOGENESIS AS AN ANGIOGENIC FACTOR. IT ACTS THROUGH BINDING TO ITS MEMBRANOUS RECEPTOR VEGFR2 EXPRESSED BY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. RECENTLY, STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THERE IS A SOLUBLE FORM OF VEGFR1 (SVEGFR1) IN PLASMA THAT CAN PREVENT THE BINDING OF VEGF TO ITS FUNCTIONAL RECEPTOR ON ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AS A DECOY AND PREVENTS THE CONTINUATION OF ANGIOGENESIS. WE CAN USE IT TO DECREASE THE ANGIOGENESIS AS A KEY METHOD FOR TREATMENT AND DECREASING THE SYMPTOM AND DISABILITY OF SOME INFLAMMATORY DISEASE LIKE MS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OCCURING IN YOUNG ADULTS, MAINLY FEMALE. MS DOMINATES IN CAUCASIANS LIVING IN REGIONS FAR AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR. THE COEXISTENCE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS CONSIDERED IN ITS ETIOPATHOGENESIS. MS MOSTLY OCCURS IN THE FORM OF RELAPSES AND REMISSIONS, LEADING TO THE PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE DECLINE...

OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS CASE REPORT WAS TO DESCRIBE THE CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF A CASE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE DUE TO ACUTE THROMBOSIS OF THE LEFT INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND MULTIPLE WATERSHED INFARCTIONS MIMICKING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS).

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT CAN NEGATIVELY AFFECT THE PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ONE’S LIFE. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (SD) IS A COMMON BUT OFTEN OVERLOOKED SYMPTOM IN MS. STUDIES ON SD IN MS POPULATION SHOWED A WIDE VARIETY OF 40–80 % AMONG WOMEN.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS AND PHENOMENA MAY BE SEEN DURING MS; THESE ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS AND PHENOMENA GENERALLY ARE RARE, BECAUSE THEY ARE BASICALLY DUE TO LESIONS OF BG, AND THESE DEEP GRAY MATTER STRUCTURES ARE NOT COMMON INVOLVED AREA IN MS SPECIALLY IN EARLY PHASES...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A DEBILITATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT HAS BEEN CHARACTERISTICALLY CLASSIFIED AS AN IMMUNE-MEDIATED DESTRUCTION OF MYELIN, THE PROTECTIVE COATING ON NERVE FIBERS. IN STARK CONTRAST TO THE SITUATION THAT FOLLOWS LOSS OF NEURONS OR AXONAL DAMAGE, REMYELINATION IN THE CNS CAN BE A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE REGENERATIVE PROCESS. IT IS MEDIATED BY A POPULATION OF PRECURSOR CELLS CALLED OLIGODENDROCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS (OPCS), WHICH ARE WIDELY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE ADULT CNS.

NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA (NMO) AND NMO SPECTRUM DISORDERS (NMOSD) ARE INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. MOST PATIENTS WITH NMO HAVE DETECTABLE SERUM ANTIBODIES THAT TARGET THE WATER CHANNEL AQUAPORIN-4 (AQP4). THESE ANTIBODIES ARE HIGHLY SPECIFIC FOR CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED NMO, AND HAVE PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL. HOWEVER, A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF PHENOTYPIC NMO PATIENTS ARE NEGATIVE FOR AQP4 ANTIBODIES...

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), PREDOMINANTLY AFFECTING YOUNG FEMALES AND HAPPENING OVERWHELMINGLY DURING THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE, THIS STUDY WAS AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MS AMONG FEMALES WITH MS.

THE SYNDROME WAS CHARACTERIZED BY A TRIAD OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES, INCLUDING DEMYELINATION, ABNORMAL OLIGODENDROGLIAL NUCLEI, AND GIANT ASTROCYTES. BY THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY, PREDISPOSING ILLNESSES FOR PML CHANGED DRAMATICALLY. HIV/AIDS ACCOUNTED FOR MORE THAN 90%. ENTERING A NEW ERA, PML WITH THE USE OF BIOLOGIC AGENTS. INTEREST MAGNIFIED BY PML WITH OTHER BIOLOGIC AGENTS, EFALIZUMAB, BELATACEPT, RITUXIMAB, ALEMTUZUMAB, MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL, FINGOLIMOD AND BG12.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION, DEMYELINATION AND PRIMARY OR SECONDARY AXONAL DEGENERATION. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES REVEAL TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON COMPLEX DISEASES. THESE DISEASES ARE NON- MENDELIAN, BUT FREQUENTLY SHOW FAMILIAL CLUSTERING. RECENT DATA, HOWEVER, SUGGEST THAT THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS MUCH MORE COMPLEX AND THAT AUTOIMMUNE MEDIATED INFLAMMATION MAY ONLY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR A PART OF THE DISEASE SPECTRUM. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE CONFIRMED THAT THE ONSET OF MS IS THE RESULT OF THE INTERPLAY OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND GENETICS. THE GENETICS OF COMMON COMPLEX DISEASES, MANY OF WHICH ARE AUTOIMMUNE, ARE DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND. IT IS CLEAR THAT THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MS, RESULTS FROM INTERACTIONS OF GENES, ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND GENE/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), CHARACTERIZED BY MACROPHAGE AND LYMPHOCYTE INFILTRATION DEMYELINATION, AXONAL INJURY AND LOSS OF NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION. AS A MATTER OF FACT, IT HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY CLEAR THAT THE INFLAMMATION IN MS LESIONS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF IMMUNE SYSTEM MOLECULES, INCLUDING A VARIETY OF PROINFLAMMATORY AND REGULATORY CYTOKINES. CYTOKINES ARE SOLUBLE PROTEINS THAT MEDIATE AND REGULATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, AND ARE KEY MEDIATORS OF AUTOIMMUNE ATTACK AGAINST MYELIN IN CNS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A NEURODEGENERATIVE AND AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION, DEMYELINATION, AXONAL DAMAGE AND GLIOSIS.THE MAIN CAUSE OF MS IS STILL UNCLEAR BUT STUDIES ARE CONFIRMED THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS IS MS ETIOLOGY. RESEARCHES SHOWS THAT THE RISK OF ACQUIRING MS IS HIGHER IN RELATIVES OF A PERSON WITH THE DISEASE THAN IN THE GENERAL POPUTION.

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), WITH UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY IN BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY. RECENT STUDIES HAVE INDICATED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA) IN A VARIETY OF ETHNIC GROUPS. NOWADAYS, THERE IS AN INCREASING INTEREST ON EXPLORING OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HLA GENES AND OTHER GENES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS SUCH AS VIRUSES AND BACTERIAL. THEREFORE THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN HLA SUBTYPES IN MS PATIENT AND VIRAL AND BACTERIAL PEPTIDES. THE OUT COME OF THIS RESEARCH MAY A POSSIBLE INDICATE ASSOCIATION A BACKGROUND INFECTION WITH THE INCIDENCE OF MS.

BACKGROUND: MANY STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ACTIVE VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES SUPPRESS THE FORMATION OF PATHOGENIC T CELLS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PATIENTS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF VITAMIN A ON DISEASE PROGRESSION IN MS PATIENTS...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN IMMUNE-MEDIATE DISORDER OF CENTRAL NERVES SYSTEM, CHARACTERIZED BY DEMYELINATION AND DAMAGING OF OLIGODENDROCYTES. IMMUNE CELLS SUCH AS CD4+T CELLS, TH1 AND TH17, B CELLS AND MACROPHAGES PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MS PATHOGENESIS. MICRORNAS ARE CLASS OF NON-CODING RNAS WHICH POST TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. MIRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF ALMOST ALL BIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR PROCESSES WHICH CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF THIS REGULATORS IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF DISEASES. PRIOR STUDIES HAVE NOTED THE IMPORTANCE OF MIRNAS IN MS. IT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO IGNORE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF THIS SMALL REGULATORS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS...

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS ONE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS THAT USUALLY AFFECT YOUNG FEMALES. ONE OF THE COMMON SYMPTOMS OF THIS DISEASE IS FATIGUE THAT IT GREATLY INTERFERES WITH THE PATIENTS’ QUALITY OF LIFE. BECAUSE OF THE FACT THAT INTERFERONS ARE KNOWN AS PROTECTIVE AGENTS AGAINST MS SYMPTOMS, IN THIS STUDY WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE AGENTS IN FATIGUE OF THESE PATIENTS AND COMPARE THE POTENCY OF TWO COMMONLY USED INTERFERON (CINNOVEX AND BETAFERON) ON FATIGUE OF MS PATIENTS.

INTERFERON BETA (IFN) AND GLATIRAMER ACETATE WERE THE FIRST THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ABLE TO MODIFY THE COURSE OF THE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THEY ARE STILL THE MOST USED FIRST-LINE TREATMENT IN RRMS. THOUGH TWO DECADES THEY REMAIN A VALID APPROACH BECAUSE OF THEIR GOOD BENEFIT/RISK PROFILE BUT THE FREQUENCY OF SIDE EFFECTS IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN DRUG OR PRODUCT SELECTION. ACCORDING TO INF-B, MOST OF THE COMMON AES INCLUDE HEADACHE, MUSCLE ACHE, FATIGUE, FEVER, CHILLS, AND NAUSEA...

MS IS A DEMYELINATING INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE CNS; HOWEVER, VASCULAR INVOLVEMENT AND PERFUSION ABNORMALITIES ARE RECENTLY RECEIVING AN INCREASING INTEREST. EARLIER PET AND SPECT STUDIES SHOWED PERFUSION DEFICITS IN COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED MS PATIENTS. ARTERIAL SPIN LABELING (ASL) IS A NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUE THAT CAN MEASURE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (CBF). ASL MEASURES CBF BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ARTERIAL WATER AS A FREELY DIFFUSIBLE TRACER, AVOIDING THE NEED FOR GADOLINIUM OR RADIOACTIVE LIGANDS; THUS, ASL WOULD BE A NONINVASIVE AND REPEATABLE METHOD OF MEASURING CBF. THE ASL TECHNIQUE COULD BE USED IN PLACE OF DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY CONTRAST, PET AND SPECT FOR THE EXAMINATION OF NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS.

INTRODUCTION: ONE OF THE FIST LINE TREATMENT METHODS IN RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (RRMS) IS THE ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT INTERFERON BETA (IFN-B). HOWEVER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF PATIENTS MAY PRODUCE NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST THIS DRUG AND IMPAIR ITS FUNCTION. REBIF AND ITS IRANIAN BIOSIMILAR, RECIGEN, ARE TWO BRANDS OF RECOMBINANT IFN- B-1A. IN THIS STUDY, REBIF AND RECIGEN WERE INVESTIGATED FOR PRODUCTION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AND ITS CORRELATION WITH EDSS SCORE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). MS IS CONSIDERED TO BE A MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE INVOLVING BOTH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED THE INTERLEUKIN-7 RECEPTOR A(IL7RA) GENE AS A SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWED THAT RS6897932 SNP ON IL7R AFFECTS ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF EXON 6 AND ASSOCIATED WITH MS IN DIFFERENT POPULATION.

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE CHARACTERIZE BY DEMYELINATING PLAQUE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE DISEASE HAS NO CURE AND NO RECOGNIZED DEFINITE CAUSE YET. THE AVAILABLE THERAPIES ARE MOSTLY DISEASE MODIFYING. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT CLINICAL TRIAL WAS TO EVALUATE THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF RAPAMYCIN ON THE CLINICAL, LIFE QUALITY AND RADIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PATIENTS WITH MS.

DECREASING THE POPULATION AND ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMATORY T HELPER CELLS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PATIENTS USING VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES (RETINOIC ACIDS) HAS BEEN WELL DOCUMENTED. THE PRESENT STUDY DETERMINED THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ON PSYCHIATRIC SIGNS IN MS PATIENTS.

ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM) IS A DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) THAT TYPICALLY PRESENTS AS A MONOPHASIC DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIFOCAL NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS AND ENCEPHALOPATHY. ADEM IS CONSIDERED AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER THAT IS TRIGGERED BY AN ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULUS IN GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS...

DEREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS [MIM 126200]). RECENTLY, MANY STUDIES SHOWED THAT LONG NON-CODING RNAS ARE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND THE ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF THESE MOLECULES INDICATED IN MANY DISEASE. HERE WE ARE TRYING TO ASSESS THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF ANRIL IN RRMS PATIENTS AFTER TREATMENT WITH VITAMIN D (VD).

INTRODUCTION: MELATONIN IS AN ENDOGENOUS SUBSTANCE THAT UTILIZED FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES MODEL. THE ADMINISTRATION OF HORMONE OF MELATONIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF MS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN THE EAE ANIMAL MODEL OF THIS DISEASE. BUT DESPITE THE STUDIES, THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON MS STILL REMAINS AMBIGUOUS. THE CONFLICTING RESULTS IN THIS REGARD, MOTIVATED OUR TEAM FOR INVESTIGATION THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN IN LOW DOSE ON INFLAMMATORY AND REMYELINATION PROCESS BY MORE DETAILS IN ANIMAL MODEL OF ACUTE EAE IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE MORE ACCURATE RESULTS FOR THE CLARIFICATION OF THE MELATONIN ROLE IN MS DISEASE.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER, ASSOCIATED WITH DEMYELINATION OF NERVE CELLS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD. MOST OF THE PATIENTS WITH MS COMPLAIN OF ATAXIA AND IT MAY NOT RESPOND WELL TO MEDICATION. ATAXIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCOORDINATION, TREMOR, ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERN, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, SPASTICITY AND VERTIGO. ATAXIA IN TRUNK AND LOWER EXTREMITY CAN INCREASE RISK OF FALLING AND FRACTURES ESPECIALLY IN OSTEOPOROTIC PATIENTS AND THEREFOR IT CAN INCREASES DISABILITY AND HANDICAPS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING.

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE THAT AFFECTED ALL THE ASPECTS OF LIFE OF PATIENT, FAMILY AND COMMUNITY. QUALITY OF LIFE IS NORMALLY AT A LOW LEVEL AMONG MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS, AND SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE CONFIRMED THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM ON THIS PARAMETER AMONG THESE PATIENTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION BASED ON FAMILY CENTERED EMPOWERMENT MODEL ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS.MS HAS A MULTIFACTORIAL NATURE AND VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OR METABOLIC CONDITIONS MAY HAVE A ROLE IN ITS DEVELOPMENT. ONE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR IS AVAILABILITY OF VITAMIN D. THE SPECIAL GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MS IN THE WORLD CAN ALSO BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF VITAMIN D3, DUE TO INSUFFICIENT EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT IN SOME COUNTRIES, AND THE LACK OF ACTIVE VITAMIN D MAY BE ANOTHER POSSIBLE CAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN OF MS. GENES AND POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN D CAN CAUSE INCREASE THE RISK OF MS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF GENES AND SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) WITH VITAMIN D AVAILABILITY AND INCIDENCE OF MS.

BACKGROUND: WHILE MANY STUDIES HAVE PREVIOUSLY FOCUSED ON FINGOLIMOD’S EFFECT ON IMMUNE CELLS, THE EFFECT IT HAS ON CIRCULATING AND LOCAL CNS PLATELETS HAS NOT YET BEEN INVESTIGATED. THIS STUDY WILL ELUCIDATE WHAT EFFECTS FINGOLIMOD TREATMENT HAS ON MS PATIENTS’ PLASMA PLATELET LEVELS. IN ADDITION, IT WILL PROPOSE POSSIBLE REASONING FOR THESE EFFECTS AND SUGGEST FURTHER INVESTIGATION INTO THIS TOPIC.

INTRODUCTION: CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME (CIS) IS THE FIRST DEMYELINATING EPISODE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). THIS SYNDROME HAS VARIOUS NATURAL COURSES AND PROGNOSIS AMONG PATIENTS AND EVERY PATIENT WITH CIS ATTACK WOULD NOT NECESSARILY CONVERT TO CLINICALLY DEFINITE MS (CDMS). IN PRESENT STUDY, WE ASSESSED THE FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT CLINICAL CONVERSION OF CIS O CDMS.

THREE OF THE MOST COMMON URINARY SYMPTOMS IN MS ARE FREQUENCY, URGENCY AND URGE INCONTINENCY DUE TO OVERACTIVE BLADDER WHICH OCCUR IN 95% OF PATIENTS DURING DISEASE COURSE....

INTRODUCTION: BILIRUBIN IS A STRONG ANTIOXIDANT WITH EFFECTIVE PROTECTS AGAINST LIPID PEROXIDATION, SO PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPROTECTION. PREVIOUS STUDIES IN ANIMAL MODEL OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS HAVE SHOWN THAT BILIRUBIN HAS BENEFICIAL EFFECT IN AMELIORATION OF DISEASE EPISODES. HOWEVER FEW STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BILIRUBIN AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS).

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. MYELIN NERVES IN THESE AREAS IS RELIEVED. MS IS THE ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF NEUROLOGICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE. THE BETA INTERFERON IS THE BEST DRUG TO REDUCE RECURRENCE AND PROGRESSION OF DISEASE. THE RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IS NOT THE SAME IN ALL PATIENTS, AND SOMETIMES IT MAY BE RELATED TO GENETIC AND GENDER. GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 3 IS A PROTEIN THAT IN HUMANS IS ENCODED BY THE GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR- 3 GENE (GRM3) LOCATED ONXQ52_52.THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS COMPARE GRM3 GENEASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO BETA INTERFERON THERAPY IN MEN AND WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ACCORDING TO THEIR GENDER.

BACKGROUND: MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS BASED ON THE USAGE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AND IMMUNE-MODULATING MEDICATIONS. CYTOKINES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, THUS, THIS STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF RAPAMYCIN ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TH1/TH2/TH17 SERUM CYTOKINES IN PATIENTS WITH MS.

OBJECTIVES: FATIGUE IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). FATIGUE IN MS IS DIFFERENT FROM ANY FATIGUE OR TIREDNESS IN THE NORMAL POPULATION. INDEED, MS PATIENTS EXPERIENCE TWO TYPES OF FATIGUE: EASY FATIGABILITY WITH EXERTION AND LASSITUDE (AN ABNORMAL PERSISTENT TIREDNESS).WE TRIED TO FIND SOME REMEDIES FOR THIS DEBILITATING SYMPTOM BY SEARCHING PERSIAN MEDICINE (PM) LITERATURE AND MANUSCRIPTS.

INTRODUCTION: ADULTS WITH MS HAVE MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT CAN INTERFERE WITH HEALTHY NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS. STUDIES ON MS AND NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS ARE SPARSE AND HAVE MAINLY FOCUSED ON WHETHER DIETARY INTAKE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING MS. THIS REVIEW STUDY AIMED TO REVIEW THE CONTENT OF ARTICLES IN THE FIELD OF MS AND NUTRITION IN THESE PATIENTS.

INTRODUCTION: CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME (CIS) IS DEFINED AS THE FIRST NEUROLOGICAL EPISODE SUGGESTIVE OF INFLAMMATORY INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. PATIENTS WITH CIS ARE CONSIDERED AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) LATER IN LIFE. VARIOUS RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED THAT PREDICT CONVERSION OF CIS TO RELAPSING REMITTING MS (RRMS) SUCH AS LESION LOAD IN MRI, AGE OF ONSET, SPINAL INVOLVEMENT AND OLIGOCLONAL BAND (OCB).

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC AND THE MOST COMMON INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT PROGRESSES TO SEVERE DISABILITY. PREVALENCE OF MS IS 2 - 150 PER 100, 000 PEOPLE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE RATE OF MS IN THE NORTHERN CITIES OF KHUZESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN, AS WELL AS TO DETERMINE THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS.PATIENTS AND METHODS: IN THIS DESCRIPTIVE CORRELATIONAL STUDY, PATIENTS WERE RECRUITED THROUGH THE MS SOCIETY AS WELL AS THE NEUROLOGY CLINICS AND DEPARTMENTS OF HOSPITALS IN NORTH CITIES OF KHUZESTAN PROVINCE (IRAN).

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE THAT IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS. MS IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, ALTHOUGH BOTH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SEEM TO HAVE A ROLE IN ITS PATHOGENESIS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CURCUMIN AMELIORATES MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PSORIASIS, AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN HUMAN OR ANIMAL MODELS.

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) IS A NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS. PET USES PROBES LABELED WITH A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE, CALLED PET TRACERS, WHICH CAN BIND TO OR BE CONVERTED BY A SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL TARGET AND THUS CAN BE APPLIED TO DETECT AND MONITOR DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF DISEASES. PET IS A POWERFUL IN VIVO FUNCTIONAL IMAGING TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING HEALTHY AND DISEASED BRAIN. IT PROVIDES NONINVASIVE QUANTIFICATION OF COMPLEX CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS SUCH AS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS).

ALTHOUGH THERE IS A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO MS, ONLY A THIRD OF GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE PERSONS ARE SUFFERERS. THE STUDIES SHOW THAT THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURES TO MYCOTOXINS AND FUNGAL INFECTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MS. MYCOTOXINS ARE SUBSTANCES NATURALLY PRODUCED BY SOME FUNGAL GROWTH IN CONTAMINATED CROPS OR OUR BODY.

FINGOLIMOD IS THE FIRST ORAL THERAPY APPROVED FOR REDUCING EXACERBATIONS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. IT IS WIDELY ACCEPTED THAT DIFFERENT PREPARATIONS OF BETA INTERFERONS MAY AGGRAVATE DEPRESSION AND TRIGGER SUICIDE IN MS PATIENTS AND THE DRUGS SHOULD BE STOPPED IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING SUICIDAL IDEA. HERE, WE REPORT THREE PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING MS, WHO COMMITTED SUICIDE WHILE RECEIVING FINGOLIMOD. ALTHOUGH THE LINK BETWEEN SUICIDE AND FINGOLIMOD IS NOT CLEAR, BUT PRACTICING PHYSICIANS NEED TO BE AWARE OF THIS POSSIBLE ADVERSE EVENT. IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO EVALUATE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE PATIENTS NOT ONLY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING BETA INTERFERONS, BUT ALSO PATIENTS WHO ARE TREATED WITH NEWLY APPROVED DRUGS.

OBJECTIVE: TO ASSESS NATURE AND FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (ADRS) INDUCED BY MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) MEDICATIONS.METHOD: IN AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, ADRS OF ALL OUTPATIENTS REFERRED TO A NEUROLOGIST OFFICE WHO HAVE BEEN RECEIVED AT LEAST ONE DRUG MODIFYING THERAPY (DMT) OF MS, FOR A DURATION OF AT LEAST 3 MONTHS, WERE EVALUATED.

PURPOSE: THE GOAL OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHODRAMA BASED ON UNITY-ORIENTED APPROACH ON THE SENSE OF COHERENCE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PATIENTS.

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERE STRESS, ANXIETY AND RELATED DISORDERS CAUSING MENTAL INCAPACITATION IN PATIENTS ESPECIALLY IN THE EARLY STAGES AFTER DIAGNOSIS AND PATIENT KNOWLEDGE OF EXISTENCE OF THE DISEASE, INFOPRMED BY THE DOCTOR. IT IS COMMON PRACTICE TO STRESS ONLY ON DEPRESSION IN MS PATIENTS. PHARMACEUTIALS ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN RESEARCH FOR SUCH PATIENTS SO AS TO PRODUCE SUITABLE MEDICATIONS FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS.

BACKGROUND: NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA (NMO, DEVIC’S SYNDROME AND NMOSD) ARE INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) THAT PRESENT TYPICALLY WITH RELAPSES OF OPTIC NEURITIS (ON) OR MYELITIS WHICH IGG AUTO ANTIBODIES AGAINST AQUAPORIN 4 (AQP4) WATER CHANNEL PROTEIN PROBABLY PLAY A PATHOGENIC ROLE. VITAMIN D MAY MODULATE B-CELL FUNCTION AND DAMPEN THE SYNTHESIS OF IGG AND MAY PLAY A ROLE IN NMO AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR INVOLVED IN IMMUNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS.

BACKGROUND: HAMADAN PROVINCE IS ONE OF THE HIGH RISK REGION IN IRAN FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). A MAJORITY OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONDUCTED IN IRAN ADDRESSING MS ARE DESCRIPTIVE. THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO ASSESS MS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN HAMADAN PROVINCE, THE WEST OF IRAN.

INTRODUCTION: PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA (PCNSL) CAN BE CONFUSED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS). MS IS A AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF MS MAY BE A POTENTIAL CATALYST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PCNSL. EARLY TREATMENT WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS CAN DRAMATICALLY IMPROVE PATIENTS SYMPTOMS IN MS AND PCNSL.WE REPORT 2 CASE WITH PCNSL OR MS, IN EACH CASE THE INITIAL DIAGNOSIS (PCNSL OR MS) WAS EQUIVOCAL...

OBJECTIVE: A HEPARIN-BINDING GROWTH FACTOR KNOWN AS MIDKINE (MK) POSSESS VARIOUS EFFECTS IN ROLE IMPORTANT AN UDINGINCL, BODY THE OF TISSUES DIFFERENT IN OF INDUCTIONONCOGENESIS, INFLAMMATION AND RESTORATION OF TISSUES.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN INFLAMMATORY IMMUNE DISEASE THAT HAS EFFECT ON MYELINATION IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) INDUCE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY DESTRUCTING BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER AND MYELIN SHEET. P-COUMARIC ACID IS A MEMBER OF HYDORXYCINNAMIC ACIDS GROUP AND HAS POTENT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND IS PREVALENT IN VARIOUS FRUITS. IN CURRENT RESEARCH, TART CHERRY AS A SOURCE OF P-COUMARIC ACID WAS CANDIDATE, BOTH P-COUMARIC ACID AND TART CHERRY EXTRACTION WERE STUDIED ON REMYELINATION.

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN WHICH MYELIN SHEATHS OF NERVE CELLS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD ARE DAMAGED. THESE DAMAGES CAN INTERFERE IN THE ABILITY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM TO COMMUNICATE, AND CAUSE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN THE MOTOR AND COGNITIVE SYSTEMS. GIVEN THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF THIS DISEASE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ITS IRREPARABLE CONSEQUENCES, THIS STUDY CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE AND EXTENT OF THIS DISEASE IN THE WORLD.

BACKGROUND: OUT-OF-POCKET (OOP) PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN A THIRD OF NATIONAL HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN IRAN. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THESE OOP PAYMENTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONAL OR HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL CATASTROPHE AMONG SPECIALTY DISEASE PATIENTS SUCH AS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. THIS PAPER SEEKS TO EXAMINE THE INCIDENCE OF CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AMONG HOUSEHOLDS WHICH AT LEAST ONE OF THEIR MEMBERS SUFFERS FROM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

BACKGROUND: IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS, COMORBIDITY CAN HAVE MANY EFFECTS SUCH AS DIAGNOSTIC DELAYS, SELECTION OF TREATMENT AND THEIR OUTCOMES, AS WELL AS WORSENING QUALITY OF LIFE. HOWEVER, IT IS ONLY RELATIVELY RECENTLY THAT THERE HAS BEEN A FOCUSED AWARENESS AND INTEREST IN THE IMPACT OF COMORBID CONDITIONS IN MS PATIENTS. COMORBIDITY IS VERY COMMON IN PEOPLE WITH MS, AND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE COMMON THAN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. THE FIVE MOST PREVALENT COMORBIDITIES IN MS ARE: DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, HYPERTENSION, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE. FROM AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, THYROID DISEASE AND PSORIASIS ARE THE MOST PREVALENT COMORBID...

OBJECTIVE: THE PRESENT STUDY WAS PERFORMED TO ASSESS CEREBRAL PERFUSION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PATIENTS WITH A MILD TO SEVERE STAGE OF DISEASE.METHODS: A TOTAL OF 42 WITH RELAPSING REMITTING (RR) - AND SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE (SP) -MS PATIENTS WERE ENROLLED IN THIS STUDY. NEUROLOGICAL DISABILITY EVALUATED BY EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE SCORE (EDSS). BRAIN PERFUSION WAS PERFOMED BY (99M) TC-LABELED BICISATE (ECD) BRAIN SPECT AND THE DATA WERE COMPARED USING STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC MAPPING (SPM). BRAIN PERFUSION WAS PERFOMED BY (99M) TC-LABELED BICISATE (ECD) BRAIN SPECT AND THE DATA WERE COMPARED USING STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC MAPPING (SPM).

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) HAS BOTH AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS THAT DISEASE MAY REFLECT A SHIFT TOWARDS INNATE INFLAMMATION BEING A SIGNIFICANT CAUSE OF CONTINUING NEURODEGENERATION. ACTIVATION OF INNATE PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR) HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN BOTH THE PATHOGENESIS AS WELL AS THE REGULATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS).

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMALITIES IN BALANCE AND MOVEMENTS, INCLUDING IN GAIT. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF AQUATIC EXERCISE ON SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABLES DURING GAIT IN TWO DIFFERENT CLINICAL FORMS OF MS.

THE LIFELONG HEADACHE PREVALENCE OF UP TO 76.3% HAS BEEN REPORTED IN MS PATIENTS. MIGRAINE WITHOUT AURA AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE ARE THE TOP TWO PREVALENT PRIMARY HEADACHES SEEN IN MS POPULATIONS. STABBING HEADACHES AND STATUS MIGRAINATUS COULD BE THE PRESENTING SYMPTOM OF A RELAPSE IN RRMS SUBJECTS. ACTIVE PLAQUES, ESPECIALLY IN PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER (PAG) AREA COULD INDUCE MIGRAINE TYPE HEADACHES BECAUSE THE PAG MODULATES PAIN VIA THE DESCENDING SYSTEM. SPINAL CORD PLAQUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH TENSION TYPE HEADACHES...

NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA (NMO) IS A SEVERELY DISABLING INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) OF PUTATIVE AUTOIMMUNE AETIOLOGY THAT PREDOMINANTLY AFFECTS THE OPTIC NERVES AND SPINAL CORD. NMO IS ASSOCIATED WITH SERUM ANTIBODIES TO AQUAPORIN-4, THE MOST ABUNDANT WATER CHANNEL IN THE CNS IN UP TO 80% OF CASES. THESE ANTIBODIES (TERMED NMO-IGG OR AQP4- AB) ARE THOUGHT TO BE DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CONDITION.

NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA IS AN INFLAMMATORY CNS SYNDROME DISTINCT FROM MS THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SERUM AQUAPORIN-4 IMMUNOGLOBIN G ANTIBODIES (AQP4-IGG).THE NEW NOMENCLATURE DEFINES THE UNIFYING TERM NMO SPECTRUM DISORDERS (NMOSD), WHICH IS STRATIFIED FURTHER BY SEROLOGIC TESTING (NMOSD WITH OR WITHOUT AQP4-IGG)...

THERE IS SOME PAINFUL CONDITIONS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PATIENTS; APPROXIMATELY NEAR 30-50% OF THE PATIENTS EXPERIENCE SOME PAIN IN THEIR DISEASE COURSE, THAT NEED CAREFUL TREATMENT...

BACKGROUND: MS IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON DISEASES IN THE WORLD AND IS GROWING DAY BY DAY. THE PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS AND ETHNIC GROUPS, THERE IS CONSIDERABLE VARIATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXACERBATION OF MS.METHOD: IN THIS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED FROM REPUTABLE DATA BASES SUCH AS: PUBMED, SID, SCIENCE DIRECT, AS WELL AS MAGAZINES, JOURNALS, AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION AND LIBRARY STUDIES IN THIS FIELD IS NECESSARY...

INTRODUCTION: THIOREDOXIN-1 (TRX1), THIOREDOXIN REDUCATES-1 (TXNRD1) AND NADPH ARE ONE OF THE MAIN REGULATORS OF REDOX SYSTEM, AND PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN MANY INTRACELLULAR FUNCTIONS. HEREIN, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF TRX1 AND TXNRD1 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS).

ABSTRACT -----------------------------MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS THE MOST COMMON DISEASE CAUSED BY AN INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING PROCESS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CHARACTERIZED BY THE DISSEMINATED DEMYELINATION OF NERVE FIBERS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD. MS IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS AND IS ACCOMPANIED BY CONSIDERABLE SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES. IT IS BELIEVED THAT MS IS TRIGGERED BY AS-YET-UNIDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (S) IN A PERSON WHO IS GENETICALLY PREDISPOSED TO RESPOND.

INTRODUCTION: THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) PRODUCE CHANGES IN UNIFORMITY OF THE NEURAL NETWORKS OF BRAIN WHITE MATTER THAT RESULT IN MORE PERCEPTIBLE CHANGES ON DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI). INCREASE IN MEAN DIFFUSIVITY (MD) AND REDUCTION IN FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY (FA) ON DTI SEEN IN MS PATIENTS MAY BE DUE TO THE DEGRADATION OF MEMBRANE OR OTHER CELL STRUCTURES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES MADE IN THE BRAINS OF MS PATIENTS USING THE DTI TECHNIQUE...

IT IS COMMONLY ACCEPTED THAT NUTRITION IS ONE OF THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), BUT ITS ROLE AS COMPLEMENTARY MS TREATMENT IS UNCLEAR AND LARGELY DISREGARDED. AT PRESENT, MS THERAPY IS NOT ASSOCIATED TO A PARTICULAR DIET, PROBABLY DUE TO LACK OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION ON THE DISEASE. HOWEVER, A NUMBER OF STUDIES ABOUT COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) USE AMONG MS PATIENTS INDICATE THAT ABOUT 70% OF PATIENTS WITH MS TRY ONE OR MORE CAM THERAPIES...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS MS IS THE MOST FREQUENT IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISABLING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS IN HUMAN BEING.THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT THE SEVERITY OF THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MS DOES NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE EXTENT OF TISSUE DESTRUCTION, BUT RATHER REPRESENTS A MORE COMPLEX PROCESS THAT BALANCE AMONG TISSUE DESTRUCTION, REPAIR, AND CORTICAL REORGANIZATION OF THE CNS.

BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC NEURO-INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY VARIABLE EVOLUTION AND DIFFERENT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. ALTHOUGH PAIN IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS OF MS PATIENTS, PRESENCE OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA (TN) IN A PATIENT’S LIFE SPAN IS RARE.METHODS: IN A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE PRESENCE OF TN AMONGST MS PATIENTS INSPECTING TOTAL ISFAHAN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (TIMS) RECORDS WHICH WERE REGISTERED IN ISFAHAN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS SOCIETY (IMMS) FROM APRIL 2003 UP UNTIL JULY 2014.

EXPRESSION ANALYSES PROVIDE A QUITE UNBIASED WAY TO INVESTIGATE COMPLEX TRAITS AND COMMON DISORDERS’ PATHOGENESIS. THEREFORE, WHOLE-TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IS INCREASINGLY ACQUIRING A KEY ROLE IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLEX DISEASES. INTERESTINGLY NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING, PARTICULARLY RNA-SEQ, IS TAKING FIRST STEPS FOR STUDYING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (ND) AS WELL AS NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES. THE EMERGING ROLE OF NONCODING RNAS (NCRNAS) INCLUDING MIRNAS, LONG INTERGENIC AND LONG NCRNA (LINCRNAS AND LNCRNA, RESPECTIVELY) IN NEUROGENESIS, STRONGLY SUPPORT THE USAGE OF RNA-SEQ IN BRAIN TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS.

INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC DEBILITATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH OVER TWO MILLION INDIVIDUALS AFFECTED WORLDWIDE. MS IS CAUSED BY IMMUNE CELLS THAT ACTIVATE A CASCADE OF CHEMICALS IN THE BRAIN. THESE CHEMICALS, CALLED CYTOKINES ATTACK TO AND DEGRADE THE MYELIN SHEATH THAT KEEPS NEURONAL SIGNALS MOVING. THESE CYTOKINES DRIVE THE INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAIN AND ATTRACT MORE IMMUNE CELLS, AND CAUSE THE DEBILITATING DISEASE MARKED BY LOSS OF NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION. DIFFERENT ASSAYS HAVE SHOWN THAT PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA (PDGFB) GENE IS ONE OF THE INFLAMMATION INDUCERS THAT IS INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS...

SLEEP DISORDERS ARE COMMON IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) ALTHOUGH THEY ARE CLINICALLY UNRECOGNIZED BY MOST PHYSICIANS.