سال:1399 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:8

Aims Having a child with autism spectrum disorder can put a lot of stress and pressure on parents and affect their quality of life, as compared to parents of normal children. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify and determine the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral counseling of the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder on their communication interactions with children. Participants & Methods Population consisted of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in the city of Shiraz, of which 40 eligible volunteers were selected using purposeful sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 20 (control and experiment) in the academic year of 2018-2019. Data collected using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS; Pianta). Having completed the questionnaires by the target population, the experiment group received the intervention training program of group cognitive behavioral counseling for 10 one-hour sessions. However, the control group received no intervention training. Multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS 22 were used to analyze data. The significance level was considered as 0. 01. Findings The group cognitive behavioral counseling for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder was effective on communication interaction with children and improved it (p= 0. 001). Regarding the assessed effect, it should be noted that the degree of changes, according to eta coefficient (effect rate) was 23. 3%. Conclusion According to the findings, group cognitive behavioral intervention method can be effective on improving parenting for children with autism spectrum disorder

Aims Repetition and reinforcement have been shown to play a key role in the sustainability of the effect of oral health education (OHE) programs. Participants & Methods The present study was based on a cluster randomized controlled trial. The population was selected from fifth-grade female students in Tehran in 2017. Three schools in district 14 were randomly selected as the sample. The students were randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. The first group received OHE by the school-nurse and reinforcement by peer group (SNP). The second group received OHE only by the school-nurse (SN) without any reinforcement. The intervention groups received four OHE sessions. All of the groups were received the pre-and post-test. Then, they were exposed to post-intervention after 3 and 6 months. The data were collected by using the researchermade questionnaire based on the two constructs of the HBM. In addition, Plaque Disclosing Tablets (PDTs) were used for determining dental plaque (DP). Finally, ANOVA was used for data analysis. ` Findings The oral health behavior (OHB) in the two groups were significantly different after four-time OHE (p≤ 0. 02). OHB was increased significantly 6 months after the intervention, compared to the control group (p<0. 01). Moreover, DP was increased significantly in the control group, compared to the baseline in the intervention (p<0. 01). Conclusion The repetition and reinforcement play a crucial role in school-based OHE irrespective of educators.

Aims The purpose of the present study was to identify the effectiveness of computer games interventions in improving attention and working memory of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Participants & Methods This semi-experimental study was pre-test/post-test with the control group and the statistical population was the second to sixth grade students in Najafabad City in the academic year of 2018-2019. Among them, 20 students were purposively selected based on diagnostic interview and screening score using Swanson et al. questionnaire and were randomly divided into two 10 experimental and control groups. Data were collected using SNAP-IV (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham; 2001) questionnaire, Digit Span Backwards Task (Wechsler; 2008) and Corsi Block-Tapping Test (Corsi; 1972). Computer game interventions consisting of 20-minute in 18 sessions run just for the experimental group. Finally, data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings Results showed that computer game interventions had a positive effect on improving spatial visual attention and working memory, but there was no significant effect on verbal memory (p<0. 05). Also, 74% of the differences in the groups were due to the impact of the intervention (p<0. 05). Conclusion According to the results, computer games as a cognitive intervention have been effective in increasing attention and spatial memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, it is suggested that new methods such as computer games can be used to improve cognitive skills and reduce students’ learning problems.

Aims The present study is aimed to determine the role of acceptance and mindfulness therapy on physical activity increment and obesity decrement in the patients suffering from heart disease in Bandar Abbas. Participants & Methods In terms of type, the study is applied one and in terms of research method, it is a quasi-experimental study along with a pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study involves all the patients suffering from heart disease being overweight who had visited Bandar Abbas’ hospitals during 2018-2019 and according to angiographic reports, eclipse was more than 50% and BMI≥ 30. In the present study, an available sampling method was used. The population size was 20 that 10 were assigned to experimental group and 10 to control group. The data were collected through making use of physical activity level, body mass index (BMI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS software. Findings Acceptance therapy had been effective on physical activity increment and body mass decrement of the patients suffering from heart disease. Conclusion Mindfulness-based therapy can be considered as a non-invasive treatment. This clinical trial will result in more effective mindfulness-based interventions as a complementary treatment in primary care for people with overweight and obesity.

Aims Regarding the language deficiency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and delay in their development of social activities, providing intervention and training to improve these skills is of great importance. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of children’ s educational poems on the development of social activities and language skills in autistic children. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all children with ASD (age range: 10-12 years) referring to the Welfare Organization, Exceptional Children’ s Schools, and healthcare centers and clinics in Ardabil, Iran in the time period between March and September 2019. A total of 30 individuals were selected through voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups, and answered the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) and the Test of Language Development (TOLD) questionnaires. The children’ s educational poems were practiced with the experimental group for 16 sessions (60 minutes; 2 sessions per week). Then, at the end of the interventions, both experimental and control groups were evaluated again by study instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings Children’ s educational poetry significantly improved social activities (p<0. 01) and language skills (p<0. 01) in children with ASD. Conclusion Poetry therapy was effective in increasing the use of language skills and improving appropriate social skills. Also, teaching such skills can be used as an effective intervention method in schools, medical centers, and speech therapy centers.

Aims Access to the Internet is a growing phenomenon and every day more adolescents are becoming Internet users. As a result, the number of male adolescents with Internet addiction problem is increasing. Regarding this issue, the present study was conducted with the aim of the investigating of mediating role of coping strategies in the relationships of identity styles and social and emotional adjustment with Internet addiction in male adolescent students in Isfahan City. Materials & Methods The study design was correlation. The statistical population of this study was all male adolescent students of Isfahan City that among them 250 were selected by convenience sampling. Measurement tools included the questionnaires of coping strategies, identity styles, social adaptation, and Internet addiction. Findings The results of hypothesis testing through modeling-path analysis showed that the conceptual model of the study had a good fitting. Therefore, the informational identity style had a direct negative and significant effect on Internet addiction. In addition, the avoid confusion identity style had a direct positive and significant effect on Internet addiction and the social and emotional adaptation had a direct negative and significant effect on it. The informational identity style and social and emotional adaptation had an indirect negative and significant effect on Internet addiction by mediating the variable of emotional coping strategies. Conclusion Identity styles and social and emotional adaptation were identified as the most important predictor of Internet addiction among adolescent students by mediation the variable of coping strategies.

Aims Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an asymptotic disease and can lead to adverse outcomes before and during childbirth. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on sexual hormones in women with GDM. Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 22 women with insulin-treated GDM, with a gestational age of 24 weeks, were selected and according to body mass index were divided into equal groups of RT and control (C). During 6 weeks the RT group performed RTs for 3 sessions per week and C group only had daily activities during this time. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent sample t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA test at p≤ 0. 05 were used. Findings Six weeks of RT significantly reduced estrogen (p= 0. 01) and increased prolactin (p= 0. 001) in women with GDM, however, had not significant effect on progesterone (p= 0. 34). Conclusion Six weeks of RT seems to improve the sexual hormones in women with GDM.

Aims The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on the psychological hardiness of students referring to the Student Counseling Center of Shahreza University in 2016-2017. Materials & Methods The present study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-testpost-test design and follow-up with the control group. In this study, 34 subjects were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two groups of control and experiment. The experimental group received an 8-session course of metacognitive therapy, and both groups answered a pre-test and post-test Kobasa’ s Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, followed by 4 weeks of follow-up. Findings There is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the psychological hardiness variable (p= 0. 001). Conclusion Metacognitive therapy helps to improve and enhance psychological hardiness in students and is a good way to increase the level of this positive trait.