علوم مغز و اعصاب ایران
سال:1397 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:10

Background: One of the demyelinating and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is multiple sclerosis (MS). Though pathogenesis of MS is still unknown, both genetic and environmental factors are involved....

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) encompasses patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Generally, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis between IIH and co-existing migraine headaches.

Background: The diagnostic certainty of medullar tuberculosis (TB) without Pott disease is difficult to establish in a tropical environment with the large group of infectious, parasitic, and systemic myelopathies, despite the increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and improvement of biological exploration platforms. . . .

Background: The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) is the first identified pathogenic human retrovirus. . . .

Background: Dysphagia is the most prevalent sign of multiple sclerosis (MS) which can reduce the quality of life and augment mortality in the final stages of MS. We presented a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of dysphagia in general and separately for each evaluation method (subjective and objective), and to analyze the causes of this rampant disease....

Background: Eight-and-a-half syndrome (EHS) is one-and-a-half syndrome [(conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)] plus ipsilateral fascicular seventh cranial nerve palsy. . . .

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (Anti-NMDAR) encephalitis was first reported in 2007. 1 Soon, it was realized that this entity was more frequent in young adults than infectious encephalitides, and that it could explain most of previously cryptogenic cases of non-infections encephalitis in the intensive care setting. . . .

Superficial siderosis is a rare disease and causes cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and pyramidal tract dysfunction. 1, 2 Recurrent chronic bleeding from usually undetectable site to subarachnoid space causes hemosiderin deposition, and leads to clinical symptoms. . . .

Longitudinally extensive myelitis (LETM) is spinal cord inflammation involving three or more vertebral segments. The most common cause of LETM is neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and other inflammatory demyelinative disease....

Intracerebral schwannoma has been known as a rare entity of intracranial tumors. It has been demonstrated that Schwann cells commonly arise from the peripheral nervous system, and do not exist in the parenchyma of the brain. The etiology and pathogenesis of these tumors in this uncommon location is unclear. However, several hypotheses have been concerned on the development and pathogenesis of these tumors. One of them supposed that schwannomas may originate from small vessels in the cortical and periventricular area, but Feigin and Ogata have suggested that mesenchymal multipotential cells may differentiate into Schwann cells. . . .