سال:1399 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:6

Background: Brain tumors in the cerebellum site, especially in the cranial nuclei, are most commonly associated with cognitive impairment in children, but the differences in dimensions of cognitive impairments in pediatric benign and malignant tumors are rarely studied. Meanwhile, cognitive impairments in this area are required to be widely studied. This study aimed at using Computerized Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (CACE-R) as an effective and new neurocognitive monitoring tool to diagnose children with benign brain tumors (BBT) and malignant brain tumors (MBT) after surgery. Materials and Methods: In the present causal-comparative study, 83 children aged 10 to 14 years old with BBT and MBT, who were treated in Mahak (a pediatric oncology support center in Tehran, Iran) during 6 months, participated. They underwent surgery and fractionated radiotherapy (at a dose of 53 Gy). After meeting the inclusion criteria, they were evaluated by a computerized version of ACE-R. Results: In this study, 33. 33% of children with MBT vs 28. 89% of BBT used shunts and 28. 89% of them experienced relapse and 22. 82% dropped out of school. About 17. 77% of mothers were not graduated from high school. These factors predicted the memory, fluency, and language of these children. Furthermore, the results of this study showed a significant difference between children with BBT and MBT in terms of attention/orientation, memory, fluency, language, and visual-spatial abilities in ACE-R (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Children with BBT compared with those with MBT experienced more problems in attentionorientation function, short-and long-term memory, fluency, language, and spatial-visual ability. These results emphasized that only leisure induced by tumor growth did not cause cognitive impairment, but the nature and function of the tumor also contribute to damage of the brain activity.

Background: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is considered as a curative therapy for a broad range of diseases. However, complications such as relapse and graft versus host disease (GVHD) may be observed following BMT. Chimerism analysis serves as a reliable indicator of transplant outcome. Complete chimerism refers to the complete replacement of hematopoietic system by donor cells, while mixed chimerism is the coexistence of both donor and recipient cells. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between molecular chimerism and GVHD as well as relapse and survival after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using Short Tandem Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (STR-PCR). Material and Methods: This retrospective survival study was performed on 30 patients (Median age: 11. 57± 6. 83 years) including 12 (40%) children with acute leukemia (6 patients (50%) acute myeloid leukemia and 6 patients (50%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients). All patients received allo-HSCT during 2012-2016 at Montaserie Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Chimerism analysis by STR-PCR method was carried out at cancer molecular pathology research center of Qaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Chimerism was assessed using 7-STR markers on recipients’ bone marrow aspiration samples on day 14 or 15 after BMT. Results: The findings indicated that the mean chimerism level in patients with skin GVHD was significantly different compared to cases without skin GVHD (P=0. 02). It was also found that patients’ survival was significantly longer in cases with complete chimerism (P=0. 04). Conclusion: Chimerism analysis may permit early prediction and monitoring of post-transplant complications such as GVHD, transplant rejection, and relapse and assist clinicians to proceed with suitable treatment plans.

Background: Pediatric cancer as a traumatic event needs pastoral counseling for family compatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spiritual counseling using Sound Heart Model on stress, anxiety, and depression of parents of children with cancer. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, controlled, pre-and post-clinical trial, which was done in 2019, 72 parents of children with cancer from the armed forces family referred to the Baqiyatallah hospital and Children's Medical Center of Tehran were assigned into control and intervention groups by using block randomization method. Spiritual counseling was provided to the intervention group through virtual method by donating educational software included sixteen spiritual counseling sessions with emphasis on improving the relationships with God, self, people, and nature. Along with, training sessions were held once a week on the social network. For data collection, demographic questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS 21) were completed before and immediately after the intervention by the participants. The T-pair test was used to compare each group before and after the intervention, the independent T-test was used to compare the two groups at each stage. Results: The results showed no significant difference in the mean scores of depression (p = 0. 68), stress (p = 0. 94), and anxiety (p = 0. 66) between two groups before the intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of depression (P<0. 001), stress (p = 0. 003), and anxiety (p <0. 001) between two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Sound Heart Model-based spiritual counseling reduced the severity of depression and stress in parents and prevented the increase of anxiety in them.

Background: Blood transfusion is a relatively common practice in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Regarding that few studies have been conducted on infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), this study was investigated the frequency of blood components usage for preterm infants in NICU. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study and was conducted on all neonates admitted to NICU of Shahid Sadoughi hospital. Information such as gestational age, sex, birth weight, and cause of hospitalization, number of injections, transfusion information, newborn status and delivery type were extracted from medical records. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, P-value< 0. 05 was assumed significant. Results: In study, 44. 6 % of patients were hospitalized due to prematurity and 19. 5% due to respiratory distress syndrome. Among 816 NICU admissions, 370 (45. 3%) received one or more blood components during their hospital stay, 61. 6% received one, 26. 2% two and 12% received three or four types of blood components. In total, 1719 blood components were requested in NICU. Of these, 21. 5% were not used. The most frequent blood components used for neonates were fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (60%), leukoreduced red blood cells (RBCs) (26. 5%) and platelet units (9. 2%). Moreover, there was significant difference between the frequency using of blood components in terms of gestational age (p=0. 001), birth weight (p=0. 001), type of delivery (p=0. 04), ABO blood group (p=0. 001) and mortality (p=0. 001). Conclusion: The demand for blood components in NICU was high and one-fifth of requested blood was not used. Considering the high blood component usage, it is necessary to investigate the appropriateness of demands and transfusion of blood components in NICU. In addition, parameters including gestational age, birth weight and, type of delivery were related to the frequency of using blood components in NICU.

Background: Congenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is one of the rarest bleeding disorders with a prevalence of one per 2 million in the general population. The disorder is accompanied by a high rate of life-threatening bleeding. Due to normal results of routine coagulation tests, diagnosis of the disorder is challenging, but molecular methods can be used for precise diagnosis. Direct mutation detection is the standard method for confirmation of the disorder, but indirect molecular diagnosis can be used as a fast and cost-benefit choice. In the present study, we described indirect molecular methods for molecular diagnosis of congenital FXIII deficiency. Materials and Methods: For this study, a comprehensive literature review was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the following keywords: “ indirect molecular diagnosis” with “ rare bleeding disorder” , “ coagulation factor XIII/13 deficiency” , “ prenatal diagnosis” “ rare bleeding disorder” , “ molecular diagnosis” , “ factor XIII/13 deficiency” , “ indirect molecular diagnosis” “ carrier detection” , and “ factor XIII/13” . These words were used separately and in combination with each other. Results: A total of 293 papers were founded, among them 67 papers were selected for the study. Indirect molecular diagnostic approach can be done using candidate microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). This method can be used for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection, especially in the areas with low economic resources. Polymorphic genetic markers associated with F13 gene like HumFXIII01, HumFXIIIA02, HumFXIIIB, rs7740009, and rs3024405 SNPs can be used for indirect molecular diagnosis of congenital FXIII deficiency. Finally, by comparing patient’ s polymorphic markers with healthy individuals, diagnosis can be made. Conclusion: It seems that indirect molecular diagnosis is a relatively reliable and cost-effective method for diagnosis of congenital FXIII deficiency in the areas with low economic resources.

Renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon tumor in pediatric population. It is important for the clinicians to know its diagnosis as the management of renal cell carcinoma RCC is different from Wilms Tumor which is the most common tumor encountered in children. The management is surgical resection with no proven role for chemo or radiotherapy so far. Here, we present a case of seven-year-old male child presented with haematuria and no palpable lump. An echogenic mass was detected on his ultrasound. Further characterisation of the mass was studied by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), non-contrast computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Final diagnosis was confirmed based on histopathological examination. Left nephroureterectomy was done.