روانشناسی پیری
سال:1400 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:4

Middle and old age are two of the most important periods in human life, and people in this period face some physical, sexual and mental disabilities. Due to the increasing population of the middle and old age people in Iran, paying attention to this important period seems necessary. Therefore, the present study was to identify the lived experiences of middle and old age married people. To this end, 16 participants (based on the principle of data saturation) were selected by purposive sampling method among the middle and old age people living in Tehran. Participants were interviewed using semi-structured in-depth interviews to identify their lived experiences. Finally, the interviews were analyzed using the Van Mannen method (interpretive phenomenological approach). Findings were divided into two categories: “, challenges”,and “, developmental tasks”, . The main themes in the challenges section were “, concerns about family’, s future”, , “, spouse relationship”, , “, individual challenges”, , and “, taking new roles by spouses”, . The main themes obtained in developmental tasks included “, developmental tasks focused on children”, , and “, developmental tasks focused on couples”, . As a result, it can be concluded that the challenges and developmental tasks middle and old age people facing appear to be more focused on family and relationship. Applying the results of the present study, experts can design educational packages based on the challenges and developmental tasks these people facing in their lives, in order to increase the quality of life in middle and old age people. Besides, therapists working in the field of the elderly can take advantages of the findings of the present study to lead the process of therapeutic sessions.

One of the problems of the elderly seems to be problems with the quality and quantity of sleep. Sleep is one of the most important health-restoring behaviors, and makes a person feel good. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality and physiological parameters of blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation in the blood of elderly people with insomnia. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The study population consisted all the elderly with insomnia in Shiraz in 2019, from which 40 were selected using random sampling method and according to inclusion criteria, and were assigned into experimental and control groups. The elderly with a mean age of 70. 48 years with insomnia were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Blood Pressure Monitor and Pulse Oximeter. The experimental group underwent the sleep hygiene training based on Spa plan for four weekly 45-minutes sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-23 statistical package. The results showed that sleep hygiene training improved sleep quality, systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation in the blood of the elderly with insomnia (P<0. 05), but it had no effect on diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. It is noteworthy that the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education requires time for affecting the oxygen saturation in the blood in the next three months. The present study showed that insomnia treatment through sleep hygiene education improves sleep quality and physical and mental health of the elderly. Therefore, all officials and stakeholders, especially who works in the field of rehabilitation, are recommended to apply the sleep hygiene education in order to support of the elderly.

The elderly age seems to be a proper time for finding the meaning of life and personal growth compared to other periods of life. The existence of meaning in life of the elderly is an important factor for the continuation of their life and finding meaning in life serve an important role in mental health and quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logotherapy on depression and positive psychological characteristics of the elderly living in Isfahan. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The participants included all the elderly aged above 60 years old living in Isfahan. First, two centers were selected among Retired Teachers Associations and then, 40 participants were selected purposefully based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned with an equal ratio into the experimental and control groups (20 participants each). The experiment group were exposed to the Logotherapy for 11 90-minute sessions, while control group did not receive any intervention at this time. Measurs consisted of Yasavage et. al’, s elderly depression scale and Rashid’, s positive psychological characteristics scale. Utilized to analyze of the data was SPSS-23 software. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated that logotherapy has a significant role in improving depression and positive psychological characteristics of the elderly (P<0. 05). According to the findings of the current research, logotherapy can be used as an efficient method at counselling and psychotherapy centers in order to creat good feeling in the elderly, in turn leading to the decrease of their inanity feeling and depression.

According to population aging phenomenon all around the world, taking care of the older population is an important mission of the community health system to maintain their quality of life. Thus, it seems important that the experience of a long life is accompanied by desirable quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a quality of life model based on activity of daily living and social capital with the mediating role of self-care in the elderly. The population of the study included all the elderly aged over 60 living in Tehran in 2020, among whom 243 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Short-Form Quality of Life (World Health Organization), Self-Care (Soderhamn), Social capital (Onyx and Bullen) and Activity of daily living (Mahoney and Barthel) questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model in AMOS-24. The results demonstrated that activity of daily living (β, =0. 547, p>0. 01), social capital (β, =0. 178, p>0. 01) and selfe-care (β, =0. 420, p>0. 01) can predict quality of life in the elderly. Moreover, the mediating role of self-care in the relationship between activity of daily living and social capital with quality of life in the elderly was confirmed. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the promotion of self-care through the health-related training programmes, appears to be an effective step in order to improve the quality of life in the elderly.